Awareness Of Reading Strategies Research Articles

Omani Student’s Awareness and Application of Reading Strategies in the IELTS-Based Reading Exams

Students who know the exam format and the reading strategies of the IELTS or IELTS-based reading exams are at an advantage. They can quickly locate answers that are not explicitly stated in complex texts. Consequently, they get good scores, which help students secure a place in higher education. According to the British Council report, Omani students score below Band 5 in IELTS reading exams. Similarly, not many Omani students score high in the IELTS-based reading exams at the branches of the University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS), Oman. Hence, this study seeks to answer the research questions of whether Omani students studying at level four are aware of the reading exam format and apply general and task-based reading strategies in the IELTS-based reading exams. The study adopted a quantitative research method, and data was collected from students (N=78) studying at level four in the preparatory studies center of UTAS-Ibra. This study is significant because it has implications for students, teachers, and policy-makers. The study findings confirm that students are aware of the exam format and apply general and task-based reading strategies in the IELTS-based reading exams.

Metacognitive Reading Strategies Employed by Grade Nine Male and Female Students: A Study in Addis Ababa Secondary Schools

This study examined the level and preference of metacognitive reading strategies used by Grade 9 students at Ula-dula General Secondary School in Ethiopia. 130 students (59 males and 71 females) participated in the study and filled out the questionnaire. Six of them took part in the interviews. The data was collected using the Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) and a semi-structured interview. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 24) was used to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative data. The results indicated that students used the metacognitive reading strategies moderately, with an average mean score of 2.8. However, individual students' use of the strategies showed that 40% of the students used the strategies at a low level, 26.2% at a high level, and 33.8% at a medium level. The problem-solving strategies were used most frequently, followed by global and support strategies in second and third place, respectively. Problem-solving and global strategies were utilized moderately, while support strategies were employed at a lower level. The results of an independent sample t-test revealed no significant correlation between the gender of the students and their usage of the strategies. In summary, while the average result showed that students, as a whole, used the strategies moderately, the majority of individual students were found to use them at a low level. The qualitative data provided further evidence to support the quantitative findings. The result suggests that the students' low level of reading proficiency might have been due to a lack of awareness and inappropriate utilization of reading strategies.

Metacognitive Reading Awareness Among Freshmen EFL Students

Purpose. This study investigated the levels of three different strategies of metacognitive awareness: global reading strategy, problem-solving strategy, and support reading strategy among university students in a Business English class during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methods. The methodology is based on a survey, which was conducted among 192 freshman university students in their specialized courses of Business English as a foreign language. The research instrument was a metacognitive reading strategies awareness (MARSI) questionnaire.
 Results. The findings reveal that the students used problem-solving strategies the most, followed by global and support reading strategies the least. The results also indicate a difference between male and female students at individual levels of reading strategies.
 Conclusions. The study proposes a set of recommendations with an alliance of COVID-19 learning environment based on the results such as taking notes while reading and highlighting the most important information with an emphasis on details or showing the importance of previewing the text, asking questions/making predictions about the text, and most importantly paying attention to self-regulation practices in a new school environment.

An Investigation of EFL Learners’ Reading Strategy Use

Reading is one of the four primary skills, alongside listening, writing, and speaking. It involves cognitive and comprehension processes. Reading is a dynamic skill that urges learners to find and use a variety of materials and resources. This study was conducted to reveal the type of reading strategies used by EFL preparatory university students at a foreign language department in a foundational university. The participants of this study were 65 EFL learners aged between 18 to 22 years old. The data was collected and analyzed through a questionnaire and semi-structured follow-up interviews. The findings gave insight into the reading strategies most and least used by learners. Furthermore, it provided EFL instructors with the opportunity to focus on the learners’ reading weaknesses. It also highlighted the importance of reading strategies awareness among learners and underscored the significance of acquiring reading strategies as a vital method for EFL learners to improve their reading comprehension.

Strategies in Reading English Web-Novels on Wattpad

Motivated by the popularity of online reading on Wattpad, this research was conducted to investigate the metacognitive awareness of digital and online reading strategies to 39 undergraduate students who read English Web-novels on Wattpad. Additionally, the researcher explored the potential influence of English proficiency (TOEFL) and field of study, as well as the specific features of Wattpad that aid in their reading experience. Employing a quantitative survey and adapting the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Study Inventory (MARSI) developed by Mokhtari et al. (2018). The findings indicated that participants had a moderate level of strategies when reading English web-novels on Wattpad (M = 3.42). Problem Solving Reading Strategies were the most used (M = 3.80), followed by Global Reading Strategies (M = 3.73) and Support Reading Strategies (M = 2.73). English proficiency and field of study did not significantly impactful, with all groups showing similar levels (M = 3.4). Additionally, interactive features were not considered helpful (M = 2.51 and M = 2.23, respectively), while description and figure attachment features were frequently used (M = 4.15 and M = 3.25, respectively). The results indicated a necessity to integrate specific strategies, like incorporating Global Reading Strategies for pre-reading tasks and utilizing Problem Solving Strategies during reading activities, within EFL instruction. The research highlighted the obstacles encountered by both learners and instructors in the process of teaching and acquiring reading skills. It suggested that incorporating these strategies could effectively tackle comprehension challenges and improve overall language proficiency

Analytical study of Awareness of Metacognitive Reading Strategies and Reading Comprehension among College Students

The current study investigates first-year college students' awareness of metacognition reading strategies and their capacity to comprehend written content. The research focuses on first-year college students in the district of Shaheed Benazirabad, with data collected from 350 participants using a non-random sampling method, constituting approximately 23.33% of the targeted population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using two instruments – MARSQ and a reading comprehension passage with literal, inferential, and evaluative multiple-choice questions. Data was processed using SPSS Version 22 in line with the research questions. The results indicate that both genders excel in answering literal questions but face challenges at the inferential level. However, their performance in evaluative questions is unsatisfactory, with both genders scoring significantly low. The analysis of metacognitive strategies reveals a notable emphasis on problem-solving strategies among students, surpassing other strategies. These findings provide valuable insights into the awareness of reading strategies and the overall reading comprehension levels among college students in the studied district.

Implementation of Metacognitive Strategies on Students' Ability to Read English Texts

Reading is one of the crucial language skills for learners, especially when they are learning English. English learners can usually read texts well, but many of them cannot understand the content of the text. This study aims to determine how to implement metacognitive strategies to learn reading skills. Results showed that students had a good awareness of metacognitive reading strategies. However, it did not affect students' reading comprehension test results much. This is because several other factors, such as interest, background knowledge of students, and teachers' role, also significantly influence students' reading comprehension. This study used a case study approach to its analysis. This research demonstrates the efficacy of self-planning, self-monitoring, and self-evaluation as three phases of metacognitive strategy execution. These steps are accomplished via friendly conversation with the pupils. Five pupils in particular shown exceptional levels of motivation, success, self-awareness, and independence in their reading comprehension and other academic endeavours.

Assessing Saudi EFL Learners’ Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies: A Cross-Sectional Study

With extant studies producing inconclusive findings regarding English as foreign language (EFL) readers’ metacognitive strategies, researchers are yet to investigate the perceived metacognitive awareness and use of reading strategies among tertiary EFL learners with varying proficiency levels, an area that has not fully received attention in the Saudi context. Hence, this study investigated differences in the metacognitive reading strategies that Saudi students learning English as a foreign language used when reading English texts to determine whether metacognitive awareness varied across proficiency levels (low, intermediate, and high). The study adapted and administered the Survey of Reading Strategies questionnaire to 260 Saudi English majors and analyzed the data using independent-samples ANOVA across the three proficiency groups, and found how participants varied in their perceived use of reading strategies across global, problem-solving, and support strategy categories. Overall, EFL learners with high-proficiency reported global and problem-solving strategies more often than intermediate- and low-proficient groups did, while low-proficiency group reported using support strategies more often than high- and intermediate-proficiency groups did. The study results also revealed how problem-solving strategies were most frequently reported by study participants, followed by support and global strategies. Subsequently, two major pedagogical implications are discussed: the need for Saudi EFL readers to be exposed to diverse reading strategies to help facilitate their reading comprehension of English texts, as well to reading-strategy instruction, which should emphasize global, problem-solving, and support strategies for Saudi EFL learners with varying reading abilities across different reading tasks.

The Prediction Level of 7th Grade Students' Cognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies on Their Reflective Thinking Skills for Problem Solving

Bu araştırmada 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıkları ile matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerileri arasındaki yordamsal ilişkileri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 310 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler Kızılkaya ve Aşkar (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Problem Çözmeye Yönelik Yansıtıcı Düşünme Becerisi” ölçeği ve Karatay (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri 2021-2022 yılı ikinci yarıyıl döneminde Ankara ili Sincan ilçesindeki ortaokullardan elde edilmiştir. 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin okumaya ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıklarının matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerini ne düzeyde yordadığını belirlemeyi amaçlayan araştırma sorusu kapsamında yordamsal araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. İki değişken arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi; okuma stratejileri bilişsel farkındalık ölçeğinin toplam puanının ve alt boyutlarının puanlarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerileri toplam puanını ne ölçüde yordadığını belirlemek için çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıklarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı ve toplam varyansın %42’sini açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Regresyon katsayılarının anlamlılığına bakıldığında ise okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalığın alt boyutları olan planlama, düzenleme ve değerlendirme boyutlarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerisinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmada, okuma sürecinde gerçekleştirilen bilişsel süreçlerin öğrencilerin matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerisini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

A mixed method study on the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies used by Saudi EFL students

A mixed method study on the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies used by Saudi EFL students

Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies as Predictors of Reading Comprehension Achievement among Students with Learning Disabilities in Nigeria

Reading is an essential language skill in students’ educational success. However, reports have shown that the most prevalent type of academic difficulties among secondary school students with learning disabilities is reading difficulties. Previous studies focused more on interventions to improve reading comprehension achievement of students with learning disabilities than on the influence of metacognitive strategies on students’ reading comprehension achievement. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of metacognitive awareness of (before, during and after) reading strategies on the reading comprehension achievement of students with learning disabilities in Senior Secondary Schools (SSS) in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A sample of 100 students with learning disabilities was purposively selected from nine SSS in Ibadan, Nigeria. Instruments used were Academic records, Screening Checklist for Suspected Learning Disabilities, English Language Achievement Test, Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Questionnaire and the Reading Comprehension Test. Data collected were analyzed using the Multiple regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. There was a joint contribution of the independent variables (metacognitive awareness of before, during and after reading strategies) to reading comprehension achievement (F(3,96)=3.61; R2=0.101). The result also reveals the relative contributions of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (before, during and after) to the reading comprehension achievement among students with learning disabilities as follows: before (β = 0.25), after (β = 0.23) and during (β = -0.17) reading strategies. The study concludes that metacognitive awareness of (before, during and after) reading strategies influence reading comprehension achievement of students with learning disabilities. It is therefore recommended that students with learning disabilities should be trained on the use of metacognitive (before, during and after) reading strategies for improved reading comprehension achievement.

Metacognitive reading strategies and its relationship with Filipino high school students’ reading proficiency: insights from the PISA 2018 data

Learners’ metacognitive reading strategies support their attempts to draw meaning from texts and to overcome comprehension difficulties. For second language readers, such strategies may compensate for lack of language proficiency while reading. Taking a sample from a country that ranked last in the PISA 2018 reading assessment, this study aims to investigate potential discrepancies in how students evaluate the usefulness of specific reading strategies and how these conceptions are associated with related to the students’ reading proficiency. We explored the association between metacognitive reading strategies with reading proficiency by analysing data from a nationally representative sample of 15-year-old students who participated in the PISA 2018 (N = 6591). Awareness of different reading strategies was compared using repeated measures ANOVA; relationships with reading proficiency were examined using regression analysis. Self-reports on metacognitive reading strategies accounted for a significant portion of the variation in Filipino students’ English reading proficiency, after controlling for SES, sex, and number of books at home. The reading strategies perceived as most useful were not the most strongly associated with reading proficiency, suggesting that students may not be aware of which reading strategies are helpful in learning to read in English. The results indicate variations in the students’ awareness of which strategies aid in their reading comprehension and point to the need to better understand how effective reading strategy instruction is taught to and is engaged by Filipino students in their reading classes.

Students’ Awareness of Reading Strategies in ‘Communicative English Skills’ Across Three Ethiopian Universities

The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ awareness of reading strategies in ‘Communicative English Skills’ (CES) across three Ethiopian universities. A sample of 600 first year regular students and 72 English language teachers were part of the research population. The sample of students was obtained through a random sampling technique (lottery method) and the teachers were selected using a purposive sampling technique; respectively. A descriptive quantitative research design was used for this study. Thus, the data were collected through questionnaires from students and their English teachers. Quantitative analysis of data was made using frequency and percentage. The result indicated that students of the three Ethiopian universities have very limited awareness of both cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies. This problem emanates from students’ limited exposure and poor habit of reading in English, their lack of motivation for reading texts in English and their teachers’ instructional problems of teaching reading and reading strategies. The recommendations are that students should maximize their exposure of reading texts in English and comprehensively invest their time and efforts to improve their reading habit. The English teachers should teach students the overall conceptualizations of reading and its strategies when they teach reading. The teachers should also provide students with technical and professional support and motivation to make them be cognizant of reading.

Chinese University Students' English Reading Strategies: An Analysis of the Current Situation and A Proposal for Enhancement

English reading strategies and awareness of reading strategies are of great significance for English learners to master and possess high English reading abilities, but in reality, learners' ability to apply English reading strategies is still unsatisfactory. Moreover, this issue seems to be a common and urgent issue for all learners of English as a second language. This study taking a Chinese university (Hunan University of Science and Engineering, HUSE) as an example, using the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) to measure three broad categories of reading strategies, 527 respondents involved, through comparing data mean values of English majors with non-English majors and the composite mean value of these respondents, found that: (a) English major students have higher reading strategy awareness than non-English major students; (b) English major and non-English major students are at different levels in terms of reading strategy awareness and generally have a moderate level of reading strategies; (c) There is great room for improvement in university students’ reading strategy. Centering on how to make good use of the teaching resources of reading courses and how to use innovative ways and methods to enhance the awareness and ability of college students' reading strategies, this study puts forward four measures, namely, attaching importance to reading strategy education in reading course teaching, attaching importance to the leading role of reading course teachers in improving students' reading strategy level in curriculum teaching, attaching importance to students' main role, and strengthening students' reading strategy training.

Are Learners Aware of Their Strategy Use? Investigating EFL Learners’ Self-Perceived Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies with the MARSI-R

This study investigated EFL learners’ self-perceived metacognitive strategy use with the revised Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI-R). Data collection followed two steps. In the first step, 213 EFL learners responded to the inventory twice (before and after a reading comprehension task). In the second step, 81 out of the 213 participants answered an open survey inquiring learners’ perception and changes of perception of metacognitive reading strategy use during the reading process. Results indicate that learners’ self-perceived strategy use changed significantly after performing the reading task. Learners’ feedbacks in the survey show that learners’ self-perceived strategy use might not reflect the actual use of strategies. This inconsistency between self-perceived reading strategy use and the actual strategy use might mislead learners in their foreign language learning. Further empirical studies are needed to validate the instrument and explore classroom instructions that help learners better understand their actual strategy use during the reading process.

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of revised metacognitive awareness of reading strategies inventory

This study aims to adapt the revised Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI- R) into Turkish. MARSI-R is a self-report instrument designed to assess students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and perceived strategy use when reading school-related materials. 525 students (65% female, 35% male, Mage = 13 years old.) from multiple school types and degrees participated in this study. A stepwise validation procedure was used to translate and produce a Turkish version of the inventory. Evidence of structural and external aspects of validity for the inventory was collected. The 15-item inventory had a three-factor solution (global reading strategies, problem-solving strategies, and support reading strategies), as supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Turkish version scores were positively correlated with students' perceived reading ability, which provides evidence of MARSI-R's external validity. The coefficient of stability was calculated using data from 85 students who took the Turkish version of the MARSI-R twice in a five-week interval. The study’s overall results provided evidence of the reliability and validity of the inventory. According to the results presented in this study, the Turkish version of the inventory can be implemented to assess the students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and perceived strategy use. The findings show that the adapted inventory can be used to obtain valid and reliable results for Turkish lower and upper secondary school students.

Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies among Chinese EFL Tertiary Students for Quality Teaching and Learning

Effective reading skills are often viewed as the foundation to learning a foreign language as it is a ‘comprehensible input’ when learning a language. Therefore, this study aimed to examine EFL tertiary students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. The study was conducted in one provincial university in China, involving 424 EFL students. The study utilised an explanatory sequential research design. Data were collected via a reading test, a questionnaire and interviews. The findings revealed that students possessed medium levels of metacognitive awareness with global and problem-solving strategies significantly affecting EFL students’ reading comprehension performance.

The roles of vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive awareness as mediators between prior knowledge and L2 academic reading

AbstractIn recent years, reading comprehension studies have followed a componential approach aimed at determining the way in which variables interact. However, in L2 academic reading comprehension, this progress is still in its initial stages. With this context in mind, this paper aims to explore the relationship between prior knowledge and L2 reading comprehension by proposing a mediation model that considers L2 vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive awareness as mediating variables. A final sample of 75 Chilean university students with an intermediate level of English was used for the study. The variables measured were prior knowledge, vocabulary breadth, metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, and reading comprehension. Among the findings of this study, we propose a simple mediation model in which vocabulary knowledge functions as a mediator between prior knowledge and reading comprehension. Unexpectedly, the impact of metacognitive awareness was not found to be statistically significant.

Profiling low-proficiency science students in the Philippines using machine learning

Filipino students’ performance in global assessments of science literacy has always been low, and this was confirmed again in the PISA 2018, where Filipino learners’ average science literacy scores ranked second to last among 78 countries. In this study, machine learning approaches were used to analyze PISA data from the student questionnaire to test models that best identify the poorest-performing Filipino students. The goal was to explore factors that could help identify the students who are vulnerable to very low achievement in science and that could indicate possible targets for reform in science education in the Philippines. The random forest classifier model was found to be the most accurate and more precise, and Shapley Additive Explanations indicated 15 variables that were most important in identifying the low-proficiency science students. The variables related to metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, social experiences in school, aspirations and pride about achievements, and family/home factors, include parents’ characteristics and access to ICT with internet connections. The results of the factors highlight the importance of considering personal and contextual factors beyond the typical instructional and curricular factors that are the foci of science education reform in the Philippines, and some implications for programs and policies for science education reform are suggested.

TIMORESE LANGUAGE STUDENTS’ LEVELS OF METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES

Reading strategies are crucial in education. This research focused on Timorese language students’ levels of reading strategies. It attempted to answer two research questions; (1) What are the levels of Timorese language students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies? and (2) How do Timorese language students apply the reading strategies in their reading experiences? A mixed-method design was adopted. Mokhtari & Sheorey’s (2002) Survey of Reading Strategies (SoRS) was used to collect quantitative data. The findings revealed two high levels; global reading strategies, with a mean value M=3.86, SD=1.1837, and support reading strategies, with a mean value of M=3.79 SD=1.2120. Problem-solving strategies were medium-level, with a mean value M=3.61, SD=1.1718. Highlighting keynotes, using google, discussing, controlling speed were revealed in the qualitative data as adopted reading strategies. Language teachers could use this research to improve language students’ reading strategies, and future researchers should do extensive research to provide more findings.