Awareness Of Disparities Research Articles

Who is Willing to Learn About Inequality? Predictors of Choice Exposure to Messaging About Racial Disparities in Air Pollution Effects Among Black and White U.S. Residents

ABSTRACT Widespread public awareness is needed to address health disparities and push for effective and equitable solutions. However, in a high choice media environment, this can only be achieved to the extent that people opt to consume disparity messaging. Drawing on theories of selective exposure, the present research uses a pre-registered online study conducted with U.S. adult participants to examine identity-based predictors of choice exposure to a racial disparity message about the health consequences of air pollution. Findings indicate that racial identity and environmental justice awareness are key predictors of disparity message selection, likely motivated by information utility and a bias toward congenial information. Altogether, results underscore the difficulty of raising awareness of disparities beyond impacted or already well-informed groups and highlight the need to examine more creative messaging strategies in order to broaden public awareness.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Awareness and Prevention in Southern Eastern Europe: A Narrative Review

This narrative review examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to cervical cancer across Southeastern Europe, with a focus on disparities in awareness, prevention efforts, and healthcare access. A comprehensive search of PubMed over the past 12 years was conducted to assess gaps in KAP regarding cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention. The findings revealed significant gaps in KAP, including limited knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors, inadequate attitudes toward screening, and poor preventive practices, such as low participation in screening programs and HPV vaccine uptake. Economic challenges and inconsistent healthcare communication further hinder progress. The review emphasizes the need for targeted public health strategies, focusing on improving education, social mobilization, and access to essential services. Further research is necessary to address sociocultural and economic factors contributing to these gaps and to develop tailored interventions suited to the region's diverse populations.

Exploring Racial Disparities in Awareness and Perceptions of Oncology Clinical Trials: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data From the mychoice Study.

Black/African American adults are underrepresented in oncology clinical trials in the United States, despite efforts at narrowing this disparity. This study aims to explore differences in how Black/African American oncology patients perceive clinical trials to improve support for the clinical trial participation decision-making process. As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, a total of 244 adult oncology patients receiving active treatment or follow-up care completed a cross-sectional baseline survey on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical trial knowledge, health literacy, perceptions of cancer clinical trials, patient activation, patient advocacy, health care self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and clinical trial intentions. Self-reported race was dichotomized into Black/African American and non-Black/African American. As appropriate, 2-tailed t tests and chi-square tests of independence were used to examine differences between groups. Black/African American participants had lower clinical trial knowledge (P=.006), lower health literacy (P<.001), and more medical mistrust (all P values <.05) than non-Black/African American participants. While intentions to participate in a clinical trial, if offered, did not vary between Black/African American and non-Black/African American participants, Black/African American participants indicated lower awareness of clinical trials, fewer benefits of clinical trials, and more uncertainty around clinical trial decision-making (all P values <.05). There were no differences for other variables. Despite no significant differences in intent to participate in a clinical trial if offered and high overall trust in individual health care providers among both groups, beliefs persist about barriers to and benefits of clinical trial participation among Black/African American patients. Findings highlight specific ways that education and resources about clinical trials could be tailored to better suit the informational and decision-making needs and preferences of Black/African American oncology patients.

Artificial intelligence and the dawn of an algorithmic divide

Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms reshape news curation and consumption. Against this background, previous research has been focused on divides between groups regarding access to such digital technologies. Disparities in awareness and knowledge of AI across socio-demographic groups seem to persist, potentially leading to an algorithmic divide. Despite this situation, there is still limited research into such an emerging inequality. Building on the framework of algorithmic literacy, this study aims to contribute to this gap with findings from a national representative study in Germany (N = 1,090) in January 2022, considering socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and education. Findings shed important light on the extent to which news audiences are knowledgeable about the use of AI and algorithms in news selection and recommendation, as well as in society. The results of our analysis imply that newsrooms should increase their knowledge about the potential divides created by applying AI across sectors to various socio-demographic groups and stay vigilant about the level of transparency of their AI use.

Nationwide surveys of awareness of tuberculosis in India uncover a gender gap in tuberculosis awareness

BackgroundTuberculosis remains a major challenge in India, with an estimated 2.69 million cases each year. Although men are more affected than women, gender differences and related factors affect awareness of tuberculosis and thus impact tuberculosis diagnosis and access to treatment. Understanding the gender-specific needs and complexities when diagnosing and treating tuberculosis is essential to manage cases in India.MethodsWe undertook a comparative study using data from three National Family and Health Surveys (NFHS), specifically NFHS-3, NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. We investigated the prevalence and gender disparity in awareness about tuberculosis, and associated factors, using regression analysis.ResultsMost men and women surveyed are between the ages of 15 and 19. Across the surveys, the proportion of men and women who are unaware of spreading of tuberculosis decreases from 44.9% during NFHS 3 to 29.6% during NFHS 5. However, the prevalence ratio of men to women with no knowledge about modes of transmission of Tuberculosis increases from 0.92 during NFHS 3 to 0.98 during NFHS 5. Higher odds with younger age (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.07 (1.01–1.13)) and rural residency (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.12 (1.06–1.18)), and lower odds with unmarried marital status (NFHS 5, aOR: 0.92 (0.86–0.98)) are noteworthy associations. Women and men have differences in knowledge.ConclusionsGender disparity associated with awareness about tuberculosis in India is observed across all three nationwide surveys. Being aged fifteen to nineteen years and residing in rural area are risk factors. Being unmarried is a protective factor for women, but not for men.

Integrating Inter-Professional Insights for Enhanced Disaster Response: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Jubail's Royal Commission Hospital, Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to evaluate disaster preparedness and management among an inter-professional team at the Royal Commission Hospital (RCH) in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Conducted between May and July 2023, this cross-sectional study involved healthcare providers in both patient-facing and non-patient-facing roles. Participants responded to a comprehensive online questionnaire comprising 22 questions across seven sections covering aspects of emergency response, disaster management, and infection control. The study targeted a minimum sample size of 500 participants, successfully garnering responses from 512 individuals. Of the 512 participants, 59.9% (n=312) were healthcare providers in patient-facing roles, and 40.1% (n=209) were in non-patient-facing roles. The results revealed notable disparities in awareness and preparedness between these two groups. Healthcare providers demonstrated higher awareness levels compared to their non-patient-facing counterparts. For instance, 76.9% of healthcare providers were aware of the hospital's emergency response plan compared to 56.2% of non-healthcare providers (χ² = 52.165, p < 0.001). Similar disparities were observed in understanding the term "disaster" (86.5% vs 54.1%, χ² = 27.931, p < 0.001), and awareness of a command center (73.4% vs 45.2%, χ² = 42.934, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the critical need for enhancing awareness, education, and preparedness within healthcare facilities, emphasizing an integrated approach that includes both healthcare and non-healthcare staff. By addressing these gaps, healthcare facilities can significantly improve their emergency response efficiency, disaster management capabilities, and infection control measures, thereby enhancing the overall safety and quality of patient care.

Investigating Barriers to Healthcare Access for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Punjab, Pakistan

This research explores the Barriers to Healthcare Access for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Punjab, Pakistan. It investigates factors such as awareness channels, availability of healthcare facilities, and barriers to healthcare access. Utilizing quantitative methods, including structured surveys and statistical analyses, data from 100 participants were analyzed. Findings indicate diverse awareness channels, with disparities in awareness across different aspects of ASD. While healthcare facilities such as general practitioners and speech therapists are somehow available but, specialized services show notable gaps. Transportation problems, financial constraints, and cultural practices emerge as significant barriers to healthcare access. Statistical analyses reveal no significant differences in perceptions based on demographic variables. This study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges faced by families navigating the healthcare system for their children with ASD in South Punjab, Pakistan. It informs interventions &amp; policy recommendations to ameliorate healthcare access and support services for this vulnerable population.

Awareness of disparity and its impact on Iraqi society

إن العمل والسعي للتغيير والبناء هما: نشاط إنساني واعي موجه نحو تحويل الواقع السلبي إلى واقع إيجابي، وهذا بالطبع ينتج عن: تطور العلم، وتجربة الأفراد للاستفادة منه من خلال توظيفه لتحقيقه. التغيير، وبناء على ذلك فإن أشكال الوعي هي التي تولد إلى وجود نظريات وآراء سياسية وقانونية وأخلاقية وجمالية وفلسفية تتجسد في شكل مؤسسات أو سلوك على كافة مستويات المجتمع، ويؤدي ذلك الوعي إلى إلى: الوعي بالتفاوت، والاستفادة من وسائل الاتصال الرقمية، وهنا ينعكس الوعي بالتفاوت على العلاقة الوثيقة بين كافة جوانب المجتمع الاقتصادي، والاجتماعي، والسياسي، والديني، ... وغيرها، بحد ذاتها. طبيعة الحال تؤدي إلى: التماسك والتكامل بين مكونات الشعب التي تعاني من الفساد، نتيجة سيطرة التافهين على السلطة، مما يعطي وحدة وطنية ذات وعي سياسي يتمثل في مشاركة الشعب. الجماهير في اتخاذ القرار بطريقة ديمقراطية لما تمتلكه من وعي اجتماعي ومعرفة سياسية، وعلى المستوى الآخر (السلطة الحاكمة) يجب أن تمتلك القيادة السياسية الإيمان والقناعة بأهمية المشاركة العامة في صنع وتنفيذ السياسات العامة ، وإتاحة الفرصة لدعم تلك المشاركة من خلال ضمان الحرية السياسية، وإتاحة الفرصة للجماهير للتعبير عن آمالها وتطلعاتها وآرائها حول قضايا ومشاكل مجتمعاتها.

Disparities in awareness and treatment among women with hypertension: Insights from the American Heart Association Research Goes Red Registry

Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects nearly one-third of women in the U.S. Prior research has demonstrated declining rates of blood pressure (BP) control nationally among women, and there are significant racial and ethnic disparities in both hypertension prevalence and outcomes among U.S. women. However, national-level data on attitudes and awareness of women with hypertension are limited. To address this gap, data were analyzed from participants with self-reported hypertension enrolled in the American Heart Association's Research Goes Red Registry. Of 6170 women who responded as of February 2023, 1835 (30 %) reported a history of hypertension. The top health concerns reported among women with hypertension were weight, healthcare access and costs, and hypertension. Health concerns varied significantly by age, race, and ethnicity; younger women and Black and Hispanic women were more likely to report hypertension as their top concern. Among women with self-reported hypertension, 77 % reported knowing their BP, and 90 % reported being on an anti-hypertensive. Black and Hispanic women were less likely to know their BP compared to White women. Younger women were less likely to be treated for hypertension, and there were also disparities in treatment by employment status and among uninsured women. In this national registry of women in the U.S., gaps and disparities exist in awareness and treatment of hypertension, highlighting targets for quality improvement in hypertension care for women.

Public Attitudes, Inequities, and Polarization in the Launch of the 988 Lifeline

Context: To address the considerable burden of mental health need in the United States, Congress passed the National Suicide Hotline Designation Act in 2020. The act rebranded the national suicide prevention lifeline as 988, a three-digit number akin to 911 for individuals to call in the case of a mental health emergency. Surprisingly little is known about American attitudes toward this new lifeline. Methods: The authors use a demographically representative survey of 5,482 US adults conducted June 24–28, 2022, to examine the influence of mental health status, partisan identification, and demographic characteristics on public awareness of the new 988 lifeline, public support for the lifeline, and intention to use it. Findings: The authors find that while only a quarter of Americans are aware of the lifeline, support for the 988 lifeline is widespread, with more than 75% of Americans indicating they would be likely to use the new number if needed. The authors identify key disparities in awareness, support, and intended use, with Republicans, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and Blacks less supportive of the 988 lifeline and in some cases less likely to use it. Conclusions: The results point to the need for additional interventions that increase public awareness of 988 and reduce disparities in program knowledge, support, and intention to use.

Update on fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis.

The assessment of fracture risk is playing an ever-increasing role in osteoporosis clinical management and informing international guidelines for osteoporosis. FRAX, a fracture risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used since 2008. In this review, we recap the development and limitations of intervention thresholds and the role of absolute fracture risk. There is an increasing awareness of disparities and inequities in the setting of intervention thresholds in osteoporosis. The limitations of the simple use of prior fracture or the DXA-derived BMD T -score threshold are increasingly being discussed; one solution is to use fracture risk or probabilities in the setting of such thresholds. This approach also permits more objective assessment of high and very high fracture risk to enable physicians to make choices not just about the need to treat but what agents to use in individual patients. Like all clinical tools, FRAX has limitations that need to be considered, but the use of fracture risk in deciding who to treat, when to treat and what agent to use is a mechanism to target treatment equitably to those at an increased risk of fracture.

Survey of general practitioners’ awareness, practice and perception of social prescribing across Europe

Background Social prescribing (SP) is a patient pathway by which healthcare professionals connect patients with other sources of support, groups, or activities within their community. The awareness, practice, and perception of SP among GPs across Europe remains unclear. Objectives To explore the awareness, practice, and perception of GPs on SP in the WONCA Europe region. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional online survey was distributed through a snowballing system, mailing lists, and at three international conferences in 2022/2023 to explore GPs’ awareness, practice, and perception of SP. The questionnaire in English contained 21 open and closed questions. Results Of the 208 participating GPs from 33 countries, 116 (56%) previously heard of ‘social prescribing’ and 66 (32%) regularly referred patients to community activities through a formal system. These 66 GPs reported different funding sources and varied activities, with an average of four activities and physical exercise being the most prevalent. Among them, 25 (38%) knew about national or local SP awareness campaigns. Of these 25, 17 (68%) agreed that SP increases their job satisfaction and 21 (84%) agreed that it has a positive impact on their patients. Variations in SP awareness and referral practice were evident across and within countries. Conclusion Despite disparities in awareness and referral practice as well as a diversity of activities and funding sources, most GPs who actively referred patients and were informed about SP campaigns agreed that SP positively impacts them and their patients.

Relationship Between Different Ethnic Groups and COVID-19

Current studies on COVID-19 do not sufficiently investigate the link between various racial and ethnic groups and the pandemic, despite growing awareness of disparities in race in the United States. However, the current research findings showed a heightened incidence of COVID-19 among Black individuals in this country, suggesting an increased prevalence of infection within this specific demographic. The relationship between different ethnic groups and COVID-19 is complex and influenced by various factors, including genetic composition, socioeconomic factors, pre-existing health gap, and immune reaction. Furthermore, those are the indirect factors related to stress that may contribute to increased vulnerability to COVID-19 in certain populations, including African-American/Black People, Hispanics, and other minority groups. It's important to address the fact that these factors are complex, multifaceted, and influenced by biological, social, economic, and psychological factors. It's urgent to address these underlying issues to reduce health disparities to improve the overall well-being of marginalized communities. Public health efforts should focus on promoting equity in access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities to mitigate the impact of stress on health outcomes.

Disparities in awareness and utilisation of National Essential Public Health Services between the floating population and the registered residents: a cross-sectional study in China

ObjectiveThere are differences between the floating population and the registered population in the awareness and use of the National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) due to the influence of China’s...

Understanding the Awareness of Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests Among Pregnant Women in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Genetic disorders pose a significant health challenge in India, with chromosomal abnormalities ranking second only to congenital anomalies in terms of disease burden. Prenatal testing offers a crucial strategy for identifying and managing these disorders. However, the awareness and understanding of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the awareness quotient of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders among pregnant women in India. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Genetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri. Ethical clearance was obtained, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and awareness assessment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results Among the 200 pregnant women surveyed, the majority demonstrated inadequate awareness of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders, with only 36.5% possessing adequate knowledge. Significant associations were found between awareness levels and factors such as age, trimester of pregnancy, and education level. Notably, awareness about non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was notably low at 7%, indicating a need for targeted educational interventions. Comparison with international studies revealed varying levels of awareness across different populations, highlighting the influence of socio-cultural factors and healthcare systems. Conclusion This study underscores the need for improved awareness of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India. Addressing disparities in awareness, particularly among younger age groups and those with lower education levels, is crucial for informed decision-making in prenatal care. Targeted educational interventions can empower pregnant women to make informed choices, ultimately contributing to better maternal and child health outcomes. Further research should explore the effectiveness of such interventions in diverse settings to enhance prenatal care delivery.

Sociodemographic disparities in awareness of chronic conditions: an observational study among older persons in rural north-east of South Africa

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic diseases is high among the older population. Awareness of these conditions is a crucial prerequisite to initiate treatment, control and prevent further complications. This study evaluates...

Variation and disparity in awareness of atrial fibrillation in China: A national cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe latest information regarding the awareness of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited in China. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to understand the variation and disparity in awareness of AF in China. MethodsThe cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 nationwide epidemiology survey on AF among adults aged 18 years or older in mainland China to assess the prevalence of AF awareness. The awareness of AF diagnostic methods and outcomes was also assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. ResultsOf the 114,039 adults responding to the survey, 1463 (age-standardized prevalence, 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.7–62.9%) and 10,202 (8.2%, 95%CI 5.4–10.9%) were aware of AF in participants with and without AF, respectively. Of these, 36.4% (95%CI 30.0–42.9%) and 6.3% (95%CI 3.6–9.1%) considered electrocardiogram as a method of diagnosing AF, and 30.0% (95% CI 3.2–8.2%) and 5.2% (95%CI 2.7–7.6%) considered stroke as an outcome of AF. The proportion of participants who being aware of AF varied significantly across sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease subgroups, and was almost consistently lower in rural areas than those in urban areas. Overall, lack of AF awareness was associated with rural areas, geographical region, lower education levels, and without history and had no risk factors of cardiovascular disease. ConclusionsNearly half of adults with AF, and >90% non-AF population are unaware of AF in China, with significant variation and disparity. Focused public health initiatives are needed to improve awareness and knowledge of AF among high-risk populations.

Whose Plate Is It? Awareness of MyPlate Among US Adults Over Time Since Implementation

BackgroundMyPlate is a tool designed to educate the general US population on how to eat in alignment with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans; yet, there is a lack of data on who has heard of MyPlate over time. ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis was to examine the prevalence of awareness of MyPlate within the US population and if awareness changes differentially over time. DesignThis study was a serial, cross-sectional survey. Participants/settingThree survey waves of data (2013-2018) were used from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of adults aged 20 years or older (n = 17,023). Main outcome measuresPercentage of the US adult population who had heard of MyPlate was measured and stratified by sex, age, citizenship status, education, household food security status, income, receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and receipt of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits. Statistical analyses performedGlobal Wald tests were used to assess whether prevalence of awareness of MyPlate differed by sociodemographic characteristics. Tests of homogeneity using likelihood ratio tests of nested logistic regression models were used to assess whether differences in awareness of MyPlate by various sociodemographic characteristics changed over time from 2013 to 2018. ResultsTwenty percent (19.5%) (n = 875) of the analytic sample of participants aged 20 years and older had heard of MyPlate in 2013-2014, 24.5% (n = 1,020) in 2015-2016, and 24.6% (n = 1,086) in 2017-2018. Awareness of MyPlate changed differentially over time (P value < .1) from 2013 to 2018 by income, household food security status, and receipt of SNAP benefits, with slower increases in awareness for households with lowest income over time, narrowing of differences in awareness by household food security status over time, and persistent differences in awareness by receipt of SNAP benefits over time. ConclusionsThese results highlight the current low awareness of MyPlate, disparities in awareness of MyPlate immediately after implementation by sociodemographic characteristics, and increases in awareness over time at differential rates within levels of income, food security status, and ever receipt of SNAP benefits. Given that the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030 are currently in development, new strategies should be considered to disseminate tools that translate the updated Dietary Guidelines in such a way that reach the general population equitably upon implementation within the United States.

Long COVID awareness and receipt of medical care: a survey among populations at risk for disparities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by disparities in disease burden and medical care provision. Whether these disparities extend to long COVID awareness and receipt of medical care is unknown. We aimed to characterize awareness of long COVID and receipt of medical care for long COVID symptoms among populations who experience disparities in the United States (US). We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a national sample of US adults between January 26-February 5, 2023. We surveyed approximately 2,800 adults drawn from the Ipsos probability-based KnowledgePanel® who identify as White, Black, or Hispanic, with over-sampling of Black, Hispanic, and Spanish-proficient adults. Awareness of long COVID was assessed with the question, "Have you heard of long COVID? This is also referred to as post-COVID, Long-haul COVID, Post-acute COVID-19, or Chronic COVID." Respondents reporting COVID-19 symptoms lasting longer than 1 month were classified as having long COVID and asked about receipt of medical care. Of the 2,828 respondents, the mean age was 50.4 years, 52.8% were female, 40.2% identified as Hispanic, 29.8% as Black, and 26.7% as White. 18% completed the survey in Spanish. Overall, 62.5% had heard of long COVID. On multivariate analysis, long COVID awareness was lower among respondents who identified as Black (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51, 0.81), Hispanic and completed the survey in English (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.46, 0.76), and Hispanic and completed the survey in Spanish (OR 0.31, 95% C.I. 0.23, 0.41), compared to White respondents (overall p < 0.001). Long COVID awareness was also associated with educational attainment, higher income, having health insurance, prior history of COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination. Among those reporting symptoms consistent with long COVID (n = 272), 26.8% received medical care. Older age, longer symptom duration and greater symptom impact were associated with receipt of medical care for long COVID symptoms. Of those who received care, most (77.8%) rated it as less than excellent on a 5-point scale. This survey reveals limited awareness of long COVID and marked disparities in awareness according to race, ethnicity, and language. Targeted public health campaigns are needed to raise awareness.

Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) Application in Diverse Nursing Practice and Documentation Settings

Background: Effective communication in healthcare is crucial, and Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance nursing practice and documentation. However, disparities in SNL awareness and knowledge pose challenges to its effective implementation. This systematic review aims to synthesize research on SNL application in nursing practice across diverse settings, utilizing a comprehensive database search and predefined criteria for study selection. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted across databases like PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science. This systematic review adhered to the updated guidelines provided by PRISMA 2020. Three independent reviewers assessed study eligibility based on predefined criteria, resolving discrepancies through discussion. A narrative synthesis approach categorized and thematically analyzed the data, focusing on SNL's impact in diverse healthcare settings. Data was retrieved after the studies were subjected to quality assessment and risk of biases. Results: The review included twelve studies spanning various healthcare systems and regions. While SNL demonstrated potential benefits, disparities in awareness, knowledge, and utilization were evident among participants. Challenges such as complex documentation processes and feasibility concerns were raised. Conclusion: SNL plays a pivotal role in enhancing nursing practice, improving documentation, and facilitating effective communication. Addressing education gaps and providing ongoing training opportunities are essential to overcome implementation challenges. Collaboration among healthcare institutions, educators, and regulatory bodies is crucial to fully leveraging SNL's benefits for better patient care and healthcare outcomes.