Avon Books Research Articles

Freedom, mobility and marginality: an interdisciplinary study of the historical roots of contemporary street youth in urban Brazil

ABSTRACTThis study is focused on the lives of street youth in urban Brazil through an interdisciplinary and cross-historical approach, providing a conceptual analysis of three different but interconnected sources of knowledge: A historical study of vagrants in the 1800s by [Fraga Filho, Walter. (1996). Mendigos, Moleques e Vadios na Bahia do Século XIX. São Paulo: HUCITEC/EDUFBa], the novel Jubiába by [Amado, Jorge. ([1935] 1984). Jubiába. New York: Avon Books] on the life of a youth on the streets in the 1930s, and empirical material from a current ethnography of boys and young men on the street. This approach facilitates a broader perspective on stability and change regarding the dynamics of street life, allowing cross-historical themes to surface. It reveals how young men on the street challenge socio-spatial and moral boundaries. While their marginal position empowers them and increases their mobility, it also encumbers their trajectories. The conclusion arrived at is that marginality and mobility are closely interlinked, as marginality is not only the cause but also consequence of mobility, and sometimes even the obstruction of it.

Never Forgetting the East Side: Michael Gold's Jews Without Money

This essay identifies the 1965 mass market reprint of Michael Gold’s 1930 novel Jews Without Money within the politics of ethnic literary revival and argues that the publisher Avon Books sought to capitalize on the book’s East Side setting. Focusing on the emergence of the East Side as a site of ethnic heritage for Jewish Americans, I argue that this symbolic reclamation of the neighborhood turns the economic condition of poverty into an object of sentimental attachment and ideologically affirms national ideals of upward mobility. Discussing the dissident elements of Jews Without Money , I pry the text away from its ethnic nationalist appropriation and attend to how Jews Without Money reverses the conventions and tropes of up-from-the-ghetto narratives in order to imagine a revolutionary working-class form of Jewish identity.

Globally Responsible Leadership: Managing According to the U.N. Global CompactGlobally Responsible Leadership: Managing According to the U.N. Global Compact, edited by LawrenceJoanne T. & BeamishPaul W.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2012. 576 pages, soft cover.

Academy of Management Learning & EducationVol. 14, No. 2 Books & Resource ReviewsGlobally Responsible Leadership: Managing According to the U.N. Global CompactDanna N. GreenbergDanna N. GreenbergBabson College.Published Online:2 Apr 2015https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0080AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsDownload CitationsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail View articleREFERENCESOuchi W. G. 1981. Theory Z. New York: Avon Books. Google ScholarPRMERetrieved from http://www.unprme.org/news/index.php?newsid=343#.VPmsMvzF98E. Accessed March 2015. Google ScholarU.N. Global CompactRetrieved from www.unglobalcompact.org. Accessed December 2014. Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 14, No. 2 Permissions Metrics in the past 12 months History Published online 2 April 2015 Published in print 1 June 2015 Information© Academy of Management Learning & EducationDownload PDF

Out of sight, out of mind: mental illness behind bars.

Out of sight, out of mind: mental illness behind bars.

Virtues and Animals: A Minimally Decent Ethic for Practical Living in a Non-ideal World

Traditional approaches to animal ethics commonly emerge from one of two influential ethical theories: Regan’s deontology (The case for animal rights. University of California, Berkeley, 1983) and Singer’s preference utilitarianism (Animal liberation. Avon Books, New York, 1975). I argue that both of the theories are unsuccessful at providing adequate protection for animals because they are unable to satisfy the three conditions of a minimally decent theory of animal protection. While Singer’s theory is overly permissive, Regan’s theory is too restrictive. I argue that a minimally decent animal ethic requires a framework that allows for context-dependent considerations of our complex human–animal relationship in a non-ideal world. A plausible theory which exemplifies this new ethic is virtue ethics.

Evangelicalism and the politics of reform in northern black thought, 1776-1863

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Working with W. E. B. DuBois's classic dialectic of double-consciousness--being black, being American (The Souls of Black Folk in Three Negro Classics [New York: Avon Books, 1965], 215)--Rita Roberts explores important role evangelicalism played in the development of American identity for a prominent northern black minority during the antebellum era (12). Her eight-decade study in intellectual history draws upon nearly seventy public intellectuals, mostly male, about a third of whom were clergy and the rest laity, in African American Protestantism. She highlights the interplay of religion and politics, race and class, and to a lesser extent gender in the evolution of a distinct gestalt of black evangelicalism. It emerged interactively within the larger complex of Anglo-American evangelical theology by sharing the central tenets of biblical authority, conversionism (8), Christ-centered redemption, and active responsibility for family and society. That definition Roberts reiterates throughout the six chapters. Within the diversity of African-American discourse her approach allows black evangelicalism to harmonize Christian republicanism with social reform to counter the expansion of slavery, with its conflicting strategies for citizenship and for confronting scientific racism and with varied responses to the colonization, emigration movements, and antislavery politics. Separating her thesis from the construct of black nationalism, Roberts, nonetheless, imposes the template of evangelicalism over virtually the same thematic subjects but with assimilationist assumptions.Her work demonstrates considerable skill in mastering the debates and exchanges of the representative characters; in showing differing nuances of thought between generations; in allowing for shifts in perspectives over time with some individuals; and in featuring illuminating passages by the writers. Roberts contends that there was a parallel assimilative process to that of Europeans into white American identity--articulated by De Crevecoeur--in the ways West and Central African slaves intermixed customs, languages, survival strategies, and the appropriation and reshaping of evangelical Christianity to become Africans and eventually colored Americans (106, 123-24). While repeatedly insisting on how crucial the evangelical mode of theology and experience was for northern black people, the author works hard not to obscure the diversity of thought among her central players. Her fourth chapter is entitled We Do Not All of Us Think Alike. One way she was able to show differences between the varying figures was to extend the conversation beyond the better known spokesmen like David Walker, Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, James Forten, Sr., Absalom Jones, Henry Highland Garnet, and Martin Delany to a dozen important but less familiar figures. Congregationalist and Presbyterian ministers like Samuel Cornish, James W. C. Pennington, Lemuel Haynes, Theodore Wright, and Charles B. Ray and AME Zion preacher Hosea Easton join Maria Stewart, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper who voiced women's perspectives. Laymen Charles Remond, William Whipper and, foremost of all, medical doctor James McCune Smith likewise demonstrated how evangelical assumptions interacted with their social and political views. …

One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball (review)

Reviewed by: One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball Lisa Doris Alexander Robert M. Goldman. One Man Out: Curt Flood versus Baseball. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008. 158 pp. Paper, $16.95. In 2009, the Veteran's Committee will decide whether Curt Flood should be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Flood's possible induction has made him a popular research subject: no less than five books have been written about Flood since 2006. Each has its own voice and unique take on Flood and his Supreme Court case. Robert Goldman provides the most recent study, and since this book is part of the University Press of Kansas's Landmark Law Cases and American Society series, it focuses less on Flood's biography and more on the legal aspects of his case. Chapter one provides a brief synopsis of the events leading up to Flood's lawsuit, including the rapidly deteriorated relationship between Gussie Busch and Flood; the trade from St. Louis to Philadelphia; and the early legal wrangling in federal court. The second chapter actually takes a step back and discusses Flood's life before baseball within the context of the Cardinals' integration attempts in the mid-1950s. For readers who are familiar with Flood's resume and baseball's racial history, the chapter sequence works well. However, readers who are unfamiliar with the subject matter could be confused because Goldman explains what Flood did before painting a picture of who Flood was. In the book's preface, Goldman argues that his book "attempts to explain [Flood's] case in both its legal and historical perspective and setting" (xiii). Chapter three brings the reader to Goldman's purpose by discussing the reserve clause, the National Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players' challenges, and the early legal battles that pitted players against management. This is where One Man Out distinguishes itself. Most books on Flood casually mention these previous court cases involving baseball and the reserve clause, if they are mentioned at all. Here, readers can sift through approximately eighty years of jurisprudence in forty pages. Goldman provides readers with background information on the Sherman Act as well as a discussion of the central questions and judgment summaries for relevant court cases, from 1890's [End Page 166] Metropolitan Exhibition Company v. Ward to 1919's Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League of Professional Baseball, et al. to 1953's Toolson v. New York Yankees. Chapter four continues the legal trajectory by discussing cases brought against the NFL and NBA which helped cement MLB's "special" anti-trust status and chronicling the beginnings of the Players Association. The remaining chapters dive into Curtis G. Flood v. Bowie Kuhn et al. Chapter five tackles the trial itself and offers a detailed consideration of Judge Irving Ben Cooper's interesting behavior. While discussing the appeals process in chapter six, Goldman highlights Flood's brief and ultimately unsuccessful return to baseball. Chapter seven walks readers step by step through the entire Supreme Court process. Once again, Goldman offers far more detail about the actual procedures involved in bringing Flood's case before the Court than previous works, including a summary of the submitted briefs from both sides, a brief discussion of the Justices and how they were appointed, and an account of the controversy regarding how Flood's attorney, Arthur Goldberg, himself a former member of the bench, should be addressed during oral arguments. After detailing the oral arguments phase of the process, Goldman presents an inside look into the deliberations based primarily on material from Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong's The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court (Avon Books, 1996). While the information may not give readers any peace of mind regarding the sanctity of the justice system, we learn that the final decision was "the result of several weeks of negotiation, switching sides, and implied 'vote-trading'" (114). Goldman finishes the chapter by outlining the majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions in Flood. The final chapter naturally is a "postgame analysis" of the Flood case. Why has this case endured in legal circles? What impact, if any, did this case have on the impending end of the...

Fad diets in Sweden, of all places

There will be much greater interest than is usually the case in the outcome of a review of the scientific evidence for dietary recommendations for patients with diabetes commissioned by the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden. This review is not yet finalised and thus not yet published. The appearance of fad diets offering near miraculous health outcomes invariably attracts hordes of adherents hoping for a magic bullet, the books describing them often becoming bestsellers. The ultra-low-carbohydrate Atkins diet was no exception, spawning specialist products, supermarkets, and restaurants worldwide. 1 Atkins RC Dr Atkins' new diet revolution. Avon Books Inc, New York1992 Google Scholar The scientific basis for this approach and other broadly comparable very-low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diets derives mainly from short-term studies that suggest appreciable weight loss without obvious adverse effects. 2 Brehm BJ Seeley RJ Daniels SR D'Alessio DA A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 1617-1623 Crossref PubMed Scopus (645) Google Scholar , 3 Westman EC Yancy WS Edman JS Tomlin KF Perkins CE Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. Am J Med. 2002; 113: 30-36 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (189) Google Scholar

Review of Workforce Diversity Content in Organizational Behavior Texts

Academy of Management Learning & EducationVol. 7, No. 3 ArticlesReview of Workforce Diversity Content in Organizational Behavior TextsPatricia A. Parham and Helen J. MullerPatricia A. ParhamParham EnterprisesProfessor Emeritus Anderson Schools of Management University of New Mexico and Helen J. MullerParham EnterprisesProfessor Emeritus Anderson Schools of Management University of New MexicoPublished Online:30 Nov 2017https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2008.37029208AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsDownload CitationsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail View articleREFERENCES DuBrin A. J. Fundamentals of organizational behavior. 2007 4th edition. Thomson South-western*. Google Scholar Hall E. T. The hidden dimension. 1966. Garden City, NY Double-day Google Scholar Hellriegel D., Slocum J. W. Organizational behavior. 2007. 11th edition. Thomson South-western*. Google Scholar George J. M., Jones G. R. Understanding and managing organizational behavior. 2008. 5thedition, Pearson Prentice Hall*. Google Scholar Johns G., Saks A. M. Organizational behaviour. 2001. 5thedition, Addison Wesley Longman*. Google Scholar Kreitner R., Kinicki A. Organizational behavior. 2007. 7thedition, McGraw-Hill Irwin*. Google Scholar Kreitner R., Kinicki A. Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills & best practices. 2008. 3rdedition, McGraw-Hill Irwin*. Google Scholar McShane S. L., Von Glinow M. A. Organizational behavior. 2008. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin*. Google Scholar Morrison A. M. The new leaders: Guidelines on leadership diversity in America. 1992. San Francisco John Wiley & Sons Google Scholar Muller H. J., Parham P. A.Integrating workforce diversity into the business school curriculum: An experiment Journal of Management Education. 1998. 22 (2): 122148 Google Scholar Nelson D. L., Quick J. C. Organizational behavior. 2009. 6th edition, Thomson South-western*. Google Scholar Nelson D. L., Quick J. C. Understanding organizational behavior. 2008. 3rd edition, Thomson South-western*. Google Scholar Robbins S. P., Judge T. A. Organizational behavior. 2007. 12th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall*. Google Scholar Tannen D. Talking from 9–5. 1995. NY: Avon Books Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDeveloping Efficacy Beliefs for Ethics and Diversity ManagementJohnathan K. Nelson, Laura Wheeler Poms and Paige P. Wolf3 May 2011 | Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 11, No. 1The Case for Mandatory Diversity EducationMyrtle P. Bell, Mary L. Connerley and Faye K. Cocchiara30 November 2017 | Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 8, No. 4 Vol. 7, No. 3 Permissions Metrics in the past 12 months History Published online 30 November 2017 Published in print 1 September 2008 Information© Academy of Management Learning & EducationKeywordsDIVERSITY in the workplace -- Study & teachingTEXTBOOKSDEMOGRAPHYPERSONNEL managementORGANIZATIONAL behavior -- Study & teachingBUSINESS educationPDF download

Interoceptive Basis to Craving

SummaryAwareness of one's physiology is an important component of emotion. How might these processes be related to addiction? In a recent issue of Science, Naqvi et al. demonstrated that smoking addiction is disrupted by damage to the insula cortex. This suggests that brain circuits mediating interoception also contribute to craving states.

Nanobots: A New Paradigm for Hydrogeologic Characterization?

One of the great challenges in hydrogeology continues to be the ability to quantitatively define and visualize the three-dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity of aquifer systems. Countless hours have been spent attempting to resolve this inadequacy because geological characterization is key to accurate transport simulation. Traditional methods of aquifer analysis provide spatially and temporally integrated estimates of hydraulic conductivity that have generally been adequate for simulating water flux but not solute transport. Solute distribution is frequently determined by sharp chemical gradients over short distances along specific flow paths; thus, spatial and temporal integration results in an inadequate description of the system. Geophysicists have held out hope of ways to describe hydraulic conductivity distribution with new analytical and detection methods and yet, we are little closer to the illumination of this Holy Grail than we were 40 years ago. The limitation of geophysical methods falls into two categories. First, there is a limitation of direct measurement on the size of the features we are looking for (pore throats). These small features require a short wavelength and thus high energy for resolution. Unfortunately, energy is rapidly dissipated in travel through earth material, generally resulting in degraded resolution at the desired scales. This wavelength/energy constraint is fundamental and cannot be overcome. Second, because geophysicists are unable to directly measure the feature of interest, they measure a surrogate of pore-throat sizes. That is, typical geophysical methods measure properties of waves, density, or electrical conductivity, which is used to generate lithologic information. We then interpret the probable hydraulic conductivity of this lithology based on our experience with the particular medium. Consider an alternative approach to evaluating hydraulic conductivity, a paradigm shift if you will. Over the past 15 years, we have gained insight into the hydraulic conductivity of fractured and karstic rocks by introducing particles of different size, charge, and chemical composition into a flow field and monitoring the breakthrough of these particles in space and time. From this information, we infer the hydraulic aperture of the smallest throats in a flow path. Why not extend this concept to porous media using nanorobots or “nanobots”? In 1986, the futurist Eric Drexler excited us with his visionary book Engines of Creation (Anchor Books) that proposed a radical future for machines. More recently, Adriano Cavalcanti (http://www.nanorobotdesign.com) provided wonderful computer graphics of nanorobots delivering medicine to specific points in the blood stream, clearing plaque from blood vessels, or detecting and breaking apart kidney stones. This is analogous to Raquel Welch in the 1966 movie Fantastic Voyage blasting a life-threatening blood clot in the brain with a laser from her nanosubmarine. Even the downside of this technology has been addressed in Michael Crichton's popular book Prey (Avon Books 2002). However, lest you think nanotechnology is science fiction, note that nearly $1 billion was invested in nanotechnology development in 10 government agencies this past year and commercial products are currently on the market. One can envision that the nanobots may have a diameter of about 0.5– to 1 μm (clay/bacteria size) and will be constructed out of parts with dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. One could surmise that Gouy layers surrounding pore throats might provide a sensible, interpretable signal. Perhaps nanoradar, or nano–thermoelectric sensing devices, might be more appropriate than chemical potential. Data from these sensors, when combined with a nano–positioning system for four-dimensional reference location, could either be stored in memory that could be downloaded after capture of the nanobots at some distance along the flow field or be accessed by a signal from the surface. Then again, maybe only four-dimensional positioning is necessary because that would give us velocity in space, a parameter we desire. Stepping even further outside the box, could the existence of nanobots preclude the necessity of knowing the three-dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity? Could they clean up a spill, or seal it off, or create a preferential flow path? Could they find and transport oil, uranium, gold, or other useful goods? Could they sequester and monitor contamination or potential contamination with nanosentries? Although the proposed technology may be several years in the future, we should closely monitor progress in the nanomedicine, electronic, and defense industries. Nanobots would appear to be a productive paradigm of direct measurements that overcomes some of the limits of our present approaches. Although the use of nanotechnology is unlikely to replace traditional methods, it does provide another potentially viable “tool” for our hydrogeologic toolbox.

Introduction

Introduction

The expansion of grassland ecosystems in Africa in relation to mammalian evolution and the origin of the genus Homo

The relationship between climatic change and human evolution can be framed in terms of three major hypotheses. A modern version of the long-held savanna hypothesis posits that the expansion of grassland ecosystems in Africa was driven by global climatic change and led to the divergence of hominins from the apes and to the origin of the Homo clade. A related idea suggests that hominins originated in the late Miocene, and Homo in the late Pliocene, as constituents of broader pulses of faunal turnover synchronized by episodes of global climatic change. A more recent concept, the variability selection hypothesis, emphasizes the importance of fluctuating climates and environments, rather than any single trend, in shaping human adaptation and evolution. Here we evaluate these ideas for the Plio-Pleistocene in light of new analyses of fossil mammals from the Turkana Basin of Kenya and Ethiopia. Our results show that between 4 and 1 Ma (million years ago), there were profound faunal changes in the Turkana Basin. The most important of these changes include significant shifts in the abundance of the common families of mammals, episodes of high faunal turnover, and an increase in the number and abundance of species that show adaptations to grassland ecosystems. Episodes of relatively high faunal turnover occurred in the intervals 3.4–3.2, 2.8–2.6, 2.4–2.2, and 2.0–1.8 Ma. Paranthropus and Homo appear in the Turkana Basin during successive intervals of high turnover at 2.8–2.6 and at 2.4–2.2 Ma, while the appearance of Homo erectus is coupled to a major episode of turnover and grassland expansion after 2 Ma. Thus, there was not a single turnover pulse of relevance to late Pliocene hominins, but multiple events that successively led to the appearance of Paranthropus , early Homo , and H. erectus . Our results also show evidence of large-scale, 100 ky-periodicity shifts in the fauna beginning at 2.5 Ma, during the time that Homo and lithic artifacts first appear in the Turkana Basin, lending support to the variability selection hypothesis [Science 273 (1996) 922; Potts R., 1996b. Humanity's Descent: The Consequences of Ecological Instability. Avon Books, New York.] during the latest Pliocene. The savanna hypothesis may not explain the divergence of hominins from other apes, but it could be correct in stressing the importance of grasslands to the early evolution of Homo . The fundamental importance of grasslands may lie in the complexity and heterogeneity they added to the range of habitats available to the early species of the genus Homo . The turnover pulse hypothesis [Vrba, E.S., 1988. Late Pliocene climatic events and hominid evolution. In: Grine, F.E (Ed.). Evolutionary History of the “Robust” Australopithecines. Aldine, New York, pp. 405–426; Vrba, E.S., 1995. The fossil record of African antelopes (Mammalia, Bovidae) in relation to human evolution and paleoclimate. In: Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., Burckle, L.H. (Eds.). Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, pp. 385–424.] may be correct in linking critical events in human evolution to broader pulses of faunal change ultimately driven by climate, but our results show that any such link is complex, with at least four rather than one pulse of change during the Pliocene and early Pleistocene of the Turkana Basin.

The expansion of grassland ecosystems in Africa in relation to mammalian evolution and the origin of the genus Homo

The relationship between climatic change and human evolution can be framed in terms of three major hypotheses. A modern version of the long-held savanna hypothesis posits that the expansion of grassland ecosystems in Africa was driven by global climatic change and led to the divergence of hominins from the apes and to the origin of the Homo clade. A related idea suggests that hominins originated in the late Miocene, and Homo in the late Pliocene, as constituents of broader pulses of faunal turnover synchronized by episodes of global climatic change. A more recent concept, the variability selection hypothesis, emphasizes the importance of fluctuating climates and environments, rather than any single trend, in shaping human adaptation and evolution. Here we evaluate these ideas for the Plio-Pleistocene in light of new analyses of fossil mammals from the Turkana Basin of Kenya and Ethiopia. Our results show that between 4 and 1 Ma (million years ago), there were profound faunal changes in the Turkana Basin. The most important of these changes include significant shifts in the abundance of the common families of mammals, episodes of high faunal turnover, and an increase in the number and abundance of species that show adaptations to grassland ecosystems. Episodes of relatively high faunal turnover occurred in the intervals 3.4–3.2, 2.8–2.6, 2.4–2.2, and 2.0–1.8 Ma. Paranthropus and Homo appear in the Turkana Basin during successive intervals of high turnover at 2.8–2.6 and at 2.4–2.2 Ma, while the appearance of Homo erectus is coupled to a major episode of turnover and grassland expansion after 2 Ma. Thus, there was not a single turnover pulse of relevance to late Pliocene hominins, but multiple events that successively led to the appearance of Paranthropus, early Homo, and H. erectus. Our results also show evidence of large-scale, 100 ky-periodicity shifts in the fauna beginning at 2.5 Ma, during the time that Homo and lithic artifacts first appear in the Turkana Basin, lending support to the variability selection hypothesis [Science 273 (1996) 922; Potts R., 1996b. Humanity's Descent: The Consequences of Ecological Instability. Avon Books, New York.] during the latest Pliocene. The savanna hypothesis may not explain the divergence of hominins from other apes, but it could be correct in stressing the importance of grasslands to the early evolution of Homo. The fundamental importance of grasslands may lie in the complexity and heterogeneity they added to the range of habitats available to the early species of the genus Homo. The turnover pulse hypothesis [Vrba, E.S., 1988. Late Pliocene climatic events and hominid evolution. In: Grine, F.E (Ed.). Evolutionary History of the “Robust” Australopithecines. Aldine, New York, pp. 405–426; Vrba, E.S., 1995. The fossil record of African antelopes (Mammalia, Bovidae) in relation to human evolution and paleoclimate. In: Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., Burckle, L.H. (Eds.). Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, pp. 385–424.] may be correct in linking critical events in human evolution to broader pulses of faunal change ultimately driven by climate, but our results show that any such link is complex, with at least four rather than one pulse of change during the Pliocene and early Pleistocene of the Turkana Basin.

BOOK REVIEW

Abstract GOLDEN MEN: THE POWER OF GAY MIDLIFE. Harold Kooden, PhD with Charles Flowers. New York: Avon Books, 2000, 348 pages. Reviewed by Robert Kertzner.

Psychiatric aspects of violence: issues in prevention and treatment working with AIDS bereavement: A comprehensive approach for mental health providers

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewFull AccessMemorandaKenneth E. Fletcher, Ph.D.Kenneth E. FletcherSearch for more papers by this author, Ph.D.Published Online:1 Sep 2000https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.9.1193AboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Set in the far distant future, after the destruction of any civilization that we might find recognizable, this fantasy novel attempts to take us inside the mind of a future evil genius—literally inside his mind. Memoranda is a sequel to an apparently well-received previous novel by Jeffrey Ford, The Physiognomy, which covered a period of time just before the setting of this book. I have not read the first book, so I cannot say how well it lives up to its promise. I must say, however, that I found the story in this second novel disappointing.It is not because I disdain the genre. Fantasy and science fiction are among my favorite kinds of fiction. I believe that some of the best modern writing and storytelling are done in these genres. In fact, this book is extremely well written. Its prose is lucid and paints a clear picture.It was the story that left me cold. The basic notion is that the protagonist must rummage around inside the mental world of an evil genius in order to find the remedy for a deadly virus the big meany has let loose on the remains of civilization and has himself fallen victim to. To accomplish his quest, the protagonist is magically inserted into the living inner world of the evil genius. That is, he feels as though he is physically transported into a world that represents the inner workings of this evil mind. There he finds three other characters who have previously been imported into this mind-world.In an afterword, the author acknowledges his debt to the scholarly works of Frances Yates, in particular The Art of Memory (1). Unfortunately, Ford's book is but a pale shadow of that work. Well written as Memoranda is, it is never involving. Indeed, it is frequently stagnant and insipid. I won't bore you with the details. Suffice it to say that once we've forced ourselves to work our way through the surprisingly tepid insides of the mind of the evil genius, we find that the solution is not really there after all.When the antidote to the virus is finally found, it is strangely unsatisfying to one and all—not only to the reader but also to the characters to whom it must be administered. I found the book as unsatisfying as the antidote.Dr. Fletcher is assistant professor of psychiatry and director of the behavioral sciences research core at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester.by Jeffrey Ford; New York City, Avon Books, 1999, 230 pages, $12 softcover

Nostalgia for the Future

Nostalgia for the Future

A role for mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV infection

In a recent, thought-provoking novel by Elizabeth McCracken (The Giant's House. Avon Books, New York, 1997), two characters discuss love and its impossibilities. One brashly claims to be “immune to love”, explaining the concept to his perplexed interlocutor, “…people become immune to love like they become immune to any disease. Either they had it bad early in life, like chicken pox and that's that; or they keep getting exposed to it in little doses and build up an immunity; or somehow they just don't catch it, something in’em is born resistant. I'm the last type. I'm immune to love and poison ivy”. (p. 275) (E. McCracken, The Giant's House. Avon Books, New York, 1997). Substitute the words ‘HIV infection’ for ‘love’ and this intriguing metaphor summarizes the state of the art working hypotheses for the phenomenon of resistance to HIV infection in HIV-exposed individuals who, against all odds, do not seroconvert. These hypotheses will be discussed hereafter and particular emphasis will be placed upon a possible role for mucosal immunity in this phenomenon.

Help and Hope for Hair Loss

HELP AND HOPE FOR HAIR LOSS by Gary Hitzig, MD Avon Books, 1997. 250 pages. (paperback version US $6.50) There have been a number of books written for the layman on the subject of hair loss. Many of these are by health and beauty “experts” and a few have been written by reputable and well-

Green Pinckney Russell of Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute for Colored Persons

During the five decades before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 issued its landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, many Black educators accepted racial segregation in education and the politics used to sustain it. Of these educators, Tuskegee Institute founder Booker Tailaferro Washington received national acclaim from Whites for his admonition at an 1895 speech that southern Blacks should cast down your bucket among the whites that loved and nurtured you (Avon Books, 1965, p. 147). Washington's advice on race leadership did not go unnoticed among other Black educators of his day. A leading Kentucky Black educator of the first three decades of the 20th century, Green Pinckney Russell, accepted legislature-mandated segregated education as a fait accompli and irreversible. His career as a Black educator also showed shrewdness during an era of Kentucky history controlled by a corporate and political coalition called the Bipartisan Combine (Fenton, 1957; Jewell & Cunningham, 1968). Although Russell served as the fourth president of Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute for Colored Persons (KNIICP)-known today as Kentucky State University-his influence extended far beyond the Frankfort campus. Russell was born to Green and Frances Russell on December 25, 1861, in Logan County, Kentucky. His parents valued education highly and hired a private tutor because no Black school existed in