Avoidance Of Dairy Products Research Articles

Ruminant Relations

Java offers exciting opportunities to trace human–cattle relations in a Southeast Asian context. By foregrounding inscriptions, court poems (kakavin), and other textual and iconographic sources, we aim to unearth some historical and cultural aspects of pre-Islamic cattle management and milk consumption, paying special attention to the words used for different breeds, dairy products, and other bovine terminology. Contacts with the Indian subcontinent heralded the introduction of larger cows and eventually milk-based economies, despite the conventional wisdom that the early Javanese avoided dairy products. When read critically and comparatively, Old Javanese texts reveal that locally domesticated cattle (sapi) had a relatively low status and were often used for heavy work. South Asian zebus (lǝmbu), by contrast, enjoyed more prestige and were valued for their holy profile and superior lactation. The consumption and ritual use of dairy products was especially prevalent in Hindu circles, but appears to have had an impact on rural village life more broadly. When the religious hegemony of Brahmins decreased, the production of milk and butter generally ceased to be seen as a worthwhile investment. As a result, the bovine landscapes reconstructed in this article gradually changed beyond recognition in Islamic, colonial, and postcolonial times.

Vegan diet consumption according to Prakrti mentioned in Ayurved (Vata, Pitta, Kapha)

Vegan diets have been increasing in popularity. A vegan diet has been linked to numerous health benefits. It has more vitamin E, iron, protein, potassium and magnesium. Vegans less thick, have lower serum cholesterol and have lower blood pressure, which lowers their risk of heart disease.[1] Aam is the result of inadequate digestion, according to Ayurveda. Considering that purpose of cleaning is to eliminate the Aama out of your gastrointestinal tract, it’s best to eat plant based meals that are high in fiber and easily digested.[2] Vata (space and air) governs movement, Pitta (fire and water) regulates metabolism, and Kapha (earth and water) manages assimilation in the body. Avoiding dairy products like milk and ghee as well as meals made from animals may also be linked to greater incidence of anxiety and sadness. Calcium, which is crucial for bones, is found in milk. The vitamin K2 in ghee will assist in milks absorption of calcium if it is added. For this reason, milk- ghee combination is recommended in ayurveda as a treatment for joint stiffness and discomfort.[3]

Exploring autochthonous strains with probiotic potential: A comprehensive characterization of functional properties and their application in fermented blueberry-watermelon smoothies

Fruit-fermented smoothies enriched with probiotics present a promising alternative for individuals who avoid dairy products. However, identifying suitable probiotic strains poses a critical challenge. This study aimed to characterize five potential probiotic strains: Hanseniaspora opuntiae BIOTEC045, Pediococcus pentosaceus BIOTEC046 and BIOTEC047, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LpAv and 73a. The objective was to assess their aggregation and antipathogenic abilities, safety, stress tolerance, and other functional properties. LpAv and 73a displayed the most favorable characteristics. They exhibited high auto-aggregation (>65%), resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions (with only 0.3–1.5 log reductions), efficient enzyme production (high levels of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase), capability to utilize various prebiotics (with maximum optical density values of 1.62–1.81), and production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (1.2 mM), among other features. LpAv and 73a were selected for fermenting blueberry-watermelon smoothies (BWS). During a 7-day storage period at 5 °C, both strains maintained high viability (>9 log colony forming units/mL), while the control samples exhibited spoilage microbial load, highlighting the effectiveness of lactic acid fermentation as a viable bio-preservation technique. Additionally, the BWS retained bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity throughout storage after fermentation, with total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of 0.68–0.73 mg/g and 0.16–0.17 mg/g, respectively. These findings confirm the suitability of BWS as a matrix for fermentation with the selected potential probiotic bacteria. Additionally, the comprehensive characterization of the strains provides valuable insights into their functional properties and contributes to the understanding of their potential health benefits.

Soy, Rice and Oat Drinks: Investigating Chemical and Biological Safety in Plant-Based Milk Alternatives.

During the last decades, plant-based milk has become very appreciated by consumers, becoming a staple ingredient, especially for alternative breakfasts. Milk contains lactose, which is a sugar hydrolysed by the lactase enzyme. Lactose intolerance and lactose malabsorption are very common food intolerances among individuals. However, a lot of consumers consider themselves as lactose intolerant on the basis of self-reported intolerance and start to avoid dairy products, ignoring that plant-based milk alternatives are not nutritionally comparable to animal milk, especially in terms of protein intake. The aim of this study is to grow folder knowledge of the security of plant-based drinks, helping competent authorities to issue a risk assessment and to apply national plans about consumer safety. Results show that proper sanitary practices, such as pasteurization, are necessary in plant-based milk alternatives as well as in dairy milk. Chemical analysis has highlighted that there are no pesticide risks for consumers.

Optimization of Coconut Milk Kefir Beverage by RSM and Screening of Its Metabolites and Peptides

Probiotic foods such as kefir drinks help to improve the health and well-being of consumers. Since Salmonella resistance to current antibiotic drugs is rising at an alarming rate worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia, this has raised the need for alternative ways of preventing and treating infectious diseases in humans and animals. Thus, a dairy-free probiotic drink can be an alternative for people with milk allergies or for those who avoid dairy products as a lifestyle choice. This study aims to optimize the quality of the coconut milk kefir drink for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and to identify the peptides and metabolites present. The time, temperature, and inoculum size that resulted in the optimal antioxidant and antimicrobial activities using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were found to be 13.4 h, 25 °C, and 5.4 g/100 mL, respectively. The metabolic changes of coconut milk kefir at the beginning and end of fermentation were identified using 1H-NMR-based metabolomics. Some of the metabolites that were identified in the optimized product are γ-Aminobutyric acid, Biotin, Riboflavin, Butyrate, Lactate, and Caprylate. Moreover, 10 peptide sequences were identified using LC-MS/MS. The findings of this study demonstrated a high potential for coconut milk fermented using kefir grains as a functional healthy drink.

The use of amino acid formulas in pediatric patients with allergy to cow's milk proteins: Recommendations from a group of experts.

One of the most common food allergies in children is cow's milk allergy (CMA). In breast-fed infants with CMA, the mother is encouraged to avoid dairy products. If this is not possible, or in formula fed infants, use of hypoallergenic replacement formulas such as extensively hydrolyzed formulas (EHF) is recommended. However, in ∼5% of patients EHFs are not tolerated and/or allergy symptoms can persist. When EHFs are ineffective and in severe forms of CMA, amino acid-based formulas (AAF) should be considered. Six pediatric gastroenterologists with extensive experience in food allergy management reviewed scientific publications and international clinical practice guidelines to provide practical recommendations on AAF. The guidelines reviewed had discrepancies and ambiguities around the specific indications for using formulas as a milk substitute. The panel recommends AAFs as the first therapeutic option in anaphylaxis due to CMA, in acute and chronic severe food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, in CMA associated with multiple food allergy, and in cases of eosinophilic esophagitis not responding to an extended exclusion diet or not eating solids. The main benefit of AAF is its absence of residual allergenicity, making it a safe treatment option in severe CMA patients who do not tolerate or respond to an EHF.

Effect of Social Beliefs on Consumption of Dairy Products and Its Predicting Factors Based on the Transtheoretical Model: A Population-Based Study.

Social beliefs on the consumption of dairy products are associated with health conditions, and the aim of this study is to investigate associated factors with the rate of dairy product intake, in accordance with social health-related beliefs and the elements predicting dairy consumption, based on the transtheoretical Model (TTM). 981 subjects (chosen from Mashhad citizens, Iran) were surveyed in random public places in 2014, using demographic surveys and questionnaires based on TTM and advantage/disadvantage by trained interviewers. 981 Subjects with a mean age of 30.39 ± 14.83 were surveyed in dairy nonconsumer and dairy consumer groups. There was a significant relationship between dairy consumption and gender (P < 0.001). Factors such as age, educational level, job status, and opium addiction were found to be significantly associated with dairy consumption status. Young and female subjects consume more dairy products than their older and male counterparts, respectively. People with a diploma degree and lower levels of education consumed substantially more dairy products than their educated equals. Unemployed participants consumed considerably more dairy products than their fellow employed participants. Opium-addicted subjects were more likely to avoid dairy products. Despite the general belief of dairy consumption being beneficial, subjects in the precontemplation stage as nonconsumers described dairy products as of poor taste having low diversity in markets. Also, among the reasons, dairies' short shelf-life and behaviours under the influence of society and family were the mains. The termination stage's subjects as consumers consumed dairy products mostly for losing weight.

Application of Lactose-Free Whey Protein to Greek Yogurts: Potential Health Benefits and Impact on Rheological Aspects and Sensory Attributes.

The application of β-galactosidase in the fermentation of milk enables the acquirement of lower levels of lactose that are tolerated by lactose maldigesters and can reduce the nutritional consequences of avoiding dairy products. The present study evaluated the viability of the fortification of lactose-free prebiotic Greek yogurt formulas with whey protein concentrate (WPC). Two rotational central composite designs (RCCDs) were applied: one to perform the hydrolysis of the whey protein concentrate and another for the yogurt formulations (α = 2 with 2 central points and 4 axial points). Two β-galactosidase enzymes obtained from Kluyveromyces lactis were used. The content of lactose, glucose, galactose, and lactic acid were determined in the WPC, milk (pasteurized and powdered), and yogurts. The three best formulations regarding the attributes’ viscosity, syneresis, firmness, and elasticity were sensorially evaluated by using a nine-point hedonic scale. A microbiological analysis was performed after 48 h of yogurt production. The characterization of the products and the comparison of the results obtained were evaluated using the Student’s T test and the analysis of variance with Tukey’s test (p-values < 0.05). The application of a lactose-free WPC promoted viscosity, firmness, and elasticity. The syneresis was reduced, and whey increased the protein and calcium content. Lactose-free WPC can be used as a partial substitute for skimmed powdered milk in yogurts. The obtained results are encouraging with respect to the production of lactose-free Greek yogurts by the dairy industry.

Improvement of ulcerative colitis control by searching and restricting of inflammatory trigger factors in daily clinical practice.

Exacerbating factors of ulcerative colitis (UC) are multiple and complex with individual influence. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of disease control by searching and restricting inflammation trigger factors of UC relapse individually in daily clinical practice. Both patients with UC history or new diagnosis were asked to avoid dairy products at first doctor visit. Individual-reported potential trigger factors were restricted when UC flared up (Mayo endoscopy score ≥1) from remission status. The remission rate, duration to remission and medication were analyzed between the groups of factor restriction complete, incomplete and unknown. The total remission rate was 91.7% of 108 patients with complete restriction of dairy product. The duration to remission of UC history group was significantly longer than that of new diagnosis group (88.5 days vs. 43.4 days, P=0.006) in patients with initial endoscopic score 2-3, but no difference in patients with score 1. After first remission, the inflammation trigger factors in 161 relapse episodes of 72 patients were multiple and personal. Milk/dairy products, herb medicine/Chinese tonic food and dietary supplement were the common factors, followed by psychological issues, non-dietary factors (smoking cessation, cosmetic products) and discontinuation of medication by patients themselves. Factor unknown accounted for 14.1% of patients. The benefits of factor complete restriction included shorter duration to remission (P<0.001), less steroid and biological agent use (P=0.022) when compared to incomplete restriction or factor unknown group. Restriction of dairy diet first then searching and restricting trigger factors personally if UC relapse can improve the disease control and downgrade the medication usage of UC patients in daily clinical practice.

An innovative approach for better understanding of milk allergy

Introduction: Cow’s milk and its products are popular components of the diet all over the world. Proteins contained in it, such as casein (Bos d 8), α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4), β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) and bovine serum albumin (Bos d 6, BSA), can cause troublesome symptoms. Among the proteins mentioned, casein is the most frequent cause of all milk allergies. It is worth mentioning that it is a protein that does not change its properties after thermal and enzymatic treatment. Therefore, casein allergic patients must avoid dairy products in even trace amounts.&#x0D; Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergy in cow’s milk allergy.&#x0D; Description of the state of knowledge: In order to diagnose milk allergy, a medical examination should take place with a clinician who will determine the further steps of diagnosis based on the medical interview. For a complete allergy analysis, molecular diagnostics tests can be used to determine which protein the patient is sensitised to. Such an individual patient’s allergy profile is helpful in developing an appropriate diet.&#x0D; Summary: Molecular diagnosis in cow's milk allergy allows to estimate the risk of severe reactions after contact with a specific allergen. On its basis, it is also possible to predict the result of a cow's milk allergen provocation test. By using molecular diagnosis of allergy, it is possible to manage better and control cow's milk allergy in patients.&#x0D;

Lumpy skin disease - A potential downfall of national economy.

Madam, the Lumpy Skin Disease, initially endemic in Africa and widely spreading to encompass the Middle East and other regions, finally has Pakistan in its grasp. It has emerged in Sindh and South Punjab, wreaking havoc in Sindh and infecting more than 20,250 animals, with more than 50 deaths being reported [1]. Internationally, the Southern, Eastern, and Southeastern countries faced economic losses as high as USD 1.45 billion due to this disease [2]. Its long-lasting and deplorable impact on the economy has been considered a prominent infection of livestock by The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Despite low associated mortality of 10%, it has a consequential worldwide morbidity rate of about 5-45% [3]. Transmitted by an arthropod vector, LSD is a vector-borne viral disease, which largely targets cattle including water buffaloes. The virus is shed in body secretions involving the infected animal's tears, saliva, semen, and milk [4]. The disease is characterized by a high grade, persistent fever, multiple skin nodules, lymphadenitis, a decline in milk yield, orchitis, and abortion. The economic implications encountered by farmers in the afflicted areas include low milk yield, poor skin and hide quality, and consistent degenerative thinness of animals. Although the entire cattle industry suffers from economic losses, small-scale farmers endure the greatest loss. Despite the low animal-to-human transmission, probability, the high economic losses incurred require drastic steps to prevent the further spread of the disease among cattle. Mass awareness programs among farmers should be promptly implemented, and vaccination drives should be promptly scheduled. Insect repellents and vector traps should be made available on a large scale. Steps must be taken to properly set isolation areas following the standard health protocols for infected livestock. Complications caused by the disease can be effectively treated by the usage of antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory medications, supportive therapy, and antiseptic solutions. Severely infected animals should be culled in a remote area following international standards. Highly effective clinical surveillance is required for timely detection and isolation of a suspected case [5]. Although there is no documented proof of transmission to humans, consumers should preferably avoid dairy products and meat before complete eradication of the disease. We humbly request the concerned health department take timely measures before an unprecedented loss is incurred and promote the national production of vaccination that is easily obtainable by farmers of all economic backgrounds.

The physiological role of lactose in native and hydrolyzed milk: a review

Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose fragments. It is the most predominant carbohydrate found in milk. The physiological significance of lactose is primarily determined by its energetic properties. Consuming lactose helps maintain the balance of the gut microflora. In addition, lactose stimulates the absorption of calcium in children and helps to increase bone strength. However, not all people absorb lactose equally. In the body, lactose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme β-galactosidase (lactase). Lactase deficiency in the gastrointestinal tract causes lactose intolerance and is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, and diarrhea that may occur after drinking milk. Two thirds of the world's population have problems digesting lactose. People with lactose intolerance often avoid dairy products. However, dairy products are an essential part of a healthy, balanced diet and are a rich source of nutrients. Limiting the consumption of dairy products can lead to deficiencies in important nutrients and contribute to the development of long-term health risks such as decreased bone density, hypertension and diabetes. Nutritional support, in this case, is one of the most effective methods of disease prevention. The need for people with lactose intolerance is shown to optimize nutritional status by including lactose-free and low-lactose dairy products in the diet. It is shown that the world market for lactose-free dairy products is the fastest growing segment in the dairy.

Complementary bottles during the first month and risk of cow's milk allergy in breastfed infants.

To assess the impact of complementary feeding bottles given at maternity hospital and/or over the first month after discharge from the maternity ward on cow's milk allergy (CMA) risk in breastfed infants. Case-control study involving infants aged 6-9months and who were breastfed for at least 1month. In 554 cases with a diagnosis of CMA and 211 controls, feeding bottles at maternity hospital, feeding bottles during the first month of life, avoidance of dairy products during pregnancy or breastfeeding, family history of allergy, intake of antibiotics and consumption of proton-pump inhibitors or antacids by the infant during the first month of life were associated with increased risk of CMA in a univariate model. In a multivariate model, only feeding bottle at maternity hospital (OR=1.81 [1.27; 2.59]), family history of allergy (OR=2.83 [2.01; 3.99]) and avoidance of dairy products during pregnancy or breastfeeding (OR=5.62 [1.99; 15.87]) were independent risk factors of CMA. Complementary bottles given at maternity hospital to newborns who will be exclusively breastfed increases the later risk of CMA. Similarly, avoidance of dairy products during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be discouraged.

Avoidance of milk and dairy products after oral surgery—is such a recommendation still valid? A cross-sectional study among German and international oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental practitioners with review of the literature

PurposeFor prevention of wound-healing complications, patients in German-speaking countries are traditionally advised to avoid consumption of milk and dairy products after oral surgery. In the absence of national and international guidelines, this study investigates scientific evidence and compares international practice, frequency scale, and rationale behind such recommendation.MethodsComparison of a German cross-sectional mono-center-questionnaire pilot study and a survey among international oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS), specialized oral surgeons and general dentists, evaluating international practice regarding post-operative dietary and nutrition recommendations. Our literature review further assessed scientific evidence for relevant effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and/or synbiotics.ResultsAmong German study participants, 56% (n = 64/114) advise patients to avoid milk and dairy products, with 42% of OMFS (n = 38) and 65% (n = 76) of the general dentists recommending abstention (p = .027). In striking contrast, such recommendation could not be identified in our international survey (n = 143) (t test, p < .001) nor in the literature. There were significant differences between German and international study participants regarding the rationale for dietary recommendations, with dental schools and literature most frequently indicated as sources (Fisher’s exact test, p < .001).ConclusionThe hypothesis of a harmful effect of the consumption of milk and dairy products after dentoalveolar surgery could not be supported by evidence. The recommendation to avoid dairy products post-surgery was identified as a specific phenomenon practiced almost exclusively in German-speaking countries. Corresponding recommendations, most probably based on a now irrelevant risk of contracting tuberculosis from milk products, can at present no longer be substantiated.

A STUDY ON THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OFFIFTH DISEASE&amp; MYSTERY REGARDING THE NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OFFIFTH DISEASE

Fifth disease is a mild rash illness, caused due to parvovirus B19. This will be mainly seen in children compare to adults. Other names for this include: ErythemaInfectiosum (EI), Slapped cheek syndrome. Epidemics of erythema infectiosum mainly occurs in late winter or early spring. Tests for this include specific parvovirus B19 IgM antibody. IgM antibodies usually founds within 7 to 10 days of virus exposure, the remain measures are from 2 to 3 months after exposure to virus. Symptoms mainlyincludes rash, headache, fatigue, low-grade fever. However,there is no vaccine or medicine that prevent parvovirus B19 infection. Adults who have symptoms of joint pain and swelling may need rest, to alter their activities. Andtake Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Aspirin, Ibuprofen, or Naproxen sodium. Patients who are suffering with chronic parvovirus arthritis occasionally benefit from drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids and also, they want to avoid dairy products, Sweets and sugar. They want to increase their fluid intake and vitamin c supplements to improve their immune system.

Do cancer survivors change their diet after cancer diagnosis?

Improvements in lifestyle such as diet and exercise can minimise the risk of a new cancer diagnosis or cancer recurrence. We investigated dietary changes and supplement use by survivors attending Sydney Cancer Survivorship Centre (SCSC) clinic to plan future interventions to help survivors improve their diet. Eligible survivors were SCSC cancer patients who had completed anticancer treatment with curative intent and attended their initial clinic between September 2013 and July 2019. Attendees completed questionnaires investigating dietary change anda 3-day food diary before attending clinic. Overall, 520 (91%) survivors completed questionnaires and 310 (54%) a 3-day food diary. Mean age was 57 (range 18-90years), and 68% were female. The main cancer types were breast (41%), colorectal (31%), and haematological (17%). In total, 318/520 (55%) reported making dietary change after their cancer diagnosis. Most common changes were increased fruit and vegetable intake (36%), reduced or avoidance of red meat (25%), sugar or sweets (20%) and fat (12%), while some (7%) specifically avoided dairy products. Overall, 269/439 (61%) reported taking dietary supplements, with a median of 2 supplements (range 0-8). Based on their 3-day food diary assessed by a dietitian, only 53/270 (20%) and 110/276 (40%) met the recommended serves of vegetables and fruit respectively. The majority of survivors modified their diet after their cancer diagnosis; some modifications appeared to be beneficial, while others were not evidence-based. More than half of survivors reported taking dietary supplements. There is a need for providing appropriate dietary education in a timely manner to improve cancer survivors' diet.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey.

Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acid Concentrations Are Higher in Dairy-Avoiding Females Following an Equal Volume of Sheep Milk Relative to Cow Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Intolerances to bovine dairy are a motivating factor in consumers seeking alternate—or replacement—dairy beverages and foods. Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, with greater protein, although similar amino acid composition compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to address the appearance of circulating amino acids following consumption of SM, relative to CM, in humans.Objective: To clinically determine the appearance of branched chain amino acids, and other amino acids, in circulation in response to equal servings of SM and CM, in females who avoid dairy products.Design: In a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial, 30 self-described dairy avoiding females (20–40 years) drank 650 mL of SM or CM that were reconstituted from the spray dried powders (30 and 25 g in 180 mL water, respectively) on separate occasions, following an overnight fast. After reconstitution, the energy and protein provided by SM was higher than for CM (2,140 vs. 1,649 kJ; 29.9 vs. 19.4 g protein); content of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) were 10.5 and 6.5 mg·mL−1, respectively. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at regular intervals over 5 h after milk consumption. Plasma amino acids were measured by HPLC.Results: 80% of subjects self-identified as lactose intolerant, and the majority (47%) “avoided drinking milk” “most of the time”. SM resulted in greater plasma appearance of BCAAs at 60 min (641.1 ± 16.3 vs. 563.5 ± 14.4 μmol·L−1; p < 0.001) compared with CM. SM similarly resulted in elevated postprandial concentrations of the amino acids lysine, methionine, and proline, particularly at 240 min (time × milk interactions p = 0.011, 0.017, and p = 0.002, respectively). Postprandial increases in plasma alanine concentrations were sustained to 120 min after CM (time × milk interaction p = 0.001) but not after SM, despite greater quantities provided by SM.Conclusions: SM is a rich source of protein, and relative to CM, provides a greater quantity of BCAAs, with a corresponding elevation of the postprandial circulating BCAA response. SM is therefore a possible dairy alternative of benefit to those who need to increase total protein intake or for individuals with heightened protein requirements.Unique Identifier and Registry: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324, identifier U1111-1209-7768

Lactose intolerance in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and dietary management in prevention of osteoporosis.

Lactose intolerance affects 33% to 75% of the world population and may be associated with various genetic factors. Lactose in the diet can be found in milk and dairy products, which simultaneously constitute the primary sources of calcium. Gut microbiota also influences lactose tolerance. Patients with lactose intolerance often stop consuming milk and dairy products, which may lead to calcium and vitamin deficiency and osteoporosis. Insufficient production of lactase also occurs in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Moreover, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are risk factors for osteoporosis, and the intake of the proper amount of calcium is an essential element in preventing the decrease of bone mineral density. Diet may prevent the development of osteoporosis, thus, educating patients regarding proper diet should constitute a part of the treatment and prevention process. Patients should consume low-lactose, or lactose-free milk and bacterially fermented dairy products. Additionally, plant milk supplemented by calcium and vitamin D, mineral water with calcium, and certain vegetables also may be good sources of calcium.

Regular intake of cow’s milk with oral immunotherapy improves statures of children with milk allergies

BackgroundChildren who avoid cow’s milk (CM) because of food allergy may show disturbed growth. Calcium insufficiency, in particular, was reported among those who completely avoided dairy products. We retrospectively examined whether oral immunotherapy (OIT) affected the stature of patients who had completely avoided CM owing to their severe CM allergy. MethodsThe CM-OIT group included subjects who had completely avoided milk their entire lives and were administered OIT between 2009 and 2013. The complete milk avoidance (CM-Avoid) group included subjects who were diagnosed with a CM allergy using oral food challenges between 2013 and 2014 who subsequently avoided CM completely. By examining clinical records and questionnaires, we investigated patient height changes over time. We calculated age- and sex-stratified height standard deviation scores (HtSDS) and analyzed changes in HtSDS retrospectively. The observation period was 1–2 years. To exclude pubertal growth spurts, we set the age criteria as less than 11 years in boys and less than 9 years in girls. ResultsWe recruited 29 patients (19 boys) for the CM-OIT group and 20 (9 boys) for the CM-Avoid group. The patients’ median ages at the start of the observation period were 7.5 years (6.1–9.6) for boys and 6.8 years (5.8–7.8) for girls in the CM-OIT group, and 5.4 years (5.0–7.5) for boys and 5.7 years (5.0–7.1) for girls in the CM-Avoid group. The initial HtSDS in the CM-OIT group was −0.31 (median) and increased to −0.22 (median) after OIT (p = 0.016). In contrast, there was no significant change in HtSDS for the CM-Avoid group. ConclusionsPhysical growth of pediatric patients with severe CM allergies, who have avoided CM completely, could be improved by OIT for CM allergy.