Avoidance Of Eating Research Articles

Evaluation of two physical guidance procedures in the treatment of pediatric feeding disorder.

Children with pediatric feeding disorder may refuse to consume an adequate variety and/or volume of food to maintain expected growth. They can consume food but may actively or passively refuse, resulting in escape or avoidance of eating. Behavioral interventions like positive reinforcement with escape extinction can increase consumption. However, sometimes these interventions are insufficient, especially in treating passive refusal. In these cases, physical guidance may be used to prompt an open mouth to deposit food. Research indicates open-mouth prompts are effective and rated as acceptable. This study replicated an existing physical guidance procedure, the finger prompt, and compared its efficacy and acceptability with that of a spoon prompt. This study extended research by defining and measuring passive refusal as a dependent variable and assessing social validity among different stakeholders and times. Both prompts were effective in treating food refusal, and caregivers rated the finger prompt as more preferred.

Effects of Intensive Voice Treatment on Perceived Swallowing Abilities in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Case Series

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to determine the change in perception of swallowing abilities in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) after completion of an intensive voice therapy program as evidenced by self-rated perception scales and interview data. <h3>Design</h3> A prospective mixed methods case study design. <h3>Setting</h3> Hospital based outpatient speech language pathology clinic. <h3>Participants</h3> Four PD patients with varying medical histories, therapeutic needs, and clinical presentations. <h3>Interventions</h3> The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD) program which uses high effort exercises for improved voice production. The program requires completion per protocol, daily homework and carryover assignments. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> The voice handicap index (VHI), the perceptual rating scale, and the dysphagia handicap index (DHI), interview forms that are part of the voice program, and additional interview questions related to this project. <h3>Results</h3> Changes from pre- and post- LSVT LOUD sessions for voice, dysphagia, and communication abilities as measured by all self-rated scales and interview data. The physical (sensations of choking), emotional (fear of choking), and functional (avoidance of eating) perceptions as measured by the DHI were improved. Each patient, regardless of medical history or treatment program format, reported improved emotional perceptions of their swallowing problems. This was consistent even for those patients without changes to their diet consistency status. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The incorporation of a dysphagia perception self-rating scale may contribute to improved outcomes even for those PD patients not seeking out dysphagia treatment specifically. Other benefits may include clarifying the treatment plan by ensuring to address all issues, education for the patient in regard to their dysphagia concerns, and education for the family by expanding the objective measures to include subjective perceptions which may help explain the scope of the disability. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Nothing to disclose.

Latent profiles of dietary restraint among individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders: Associations with eating disorder symptom severity.

The relationship of dietary restraint in increasing risk for binge eating among individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders (B-EDs) is well established. However, previous research has not yet identified whether these individuals exhibit heterogeneous profiles of dietary restraint and whether these profiles are associated with differences in eating pathology. Individuals with B-EDs (N=290) completed the Eating Disorder Examination. Latent profile analysis was conducted on dietary restraint frequency data, including restriction of overall amount of food consumed, avoidance of eating, desire for an empty stomach, food avoidance, and dietary rules. Identified latent profiles were compared on binge eating frequency, compensatory behaviors frequency, and ED pathology using the three-step procedure. A four-class model of dietary restraint best fit the data. Classes significantly differed in frequency of compensatory behaviors (F[3, 286]=31.01, p < .001), EDE Eating Concern (F[3, 286]=14.36, p < .001), EDE Shape Concern (F[3, 286]=7.06, p < .001), EDE Weight Concern (F[3, 286]=6.83, p < .001), and ED Pathology (F[3, 286]=12.86, p < .001), but did not differ in frequency of objective (F[3, 286]=2.45, p=.06) or subjective binge episodes (F[3, 286]=1.87, p=.14). Individuals with B-EDs exhibit distinct profiles of dietary restraint, which are associated with frequency of compensatory behaviors and severity of ED pathology. Individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders have different patterns of restrictive eating symptoms. These profiles of restrictive eating behaviors are associated with differences in severity of compensatory behaviors and cognitive eating disorder symptoms, like shape and weight dissatisfaction. Understanding the relationships between profiles of restrictive eating behaviors and other eating disorder symptoms may allow for personalization of treatment and improvements in treatment efficacy.

Self-Perception of Dysphagia Improvement in Parkinson's Disease in a Deep Brain Stimulation Case After Completion Of LSVT-LOUD Tune-Up Sessions

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate perceptions of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease prior to initiation of the LSVT LOUD program. To investigate perceived improvement in swallowing following completion of the LSVT LOUD program. <h3>Design</h3> The research methodology is a prospective case study with data being collected from September 2020, to October 2020. <h3>Setting</h3> The study setting was an outpatient speech language pathology office within a medical facility. <h3>Participants</h3> 67 year old male with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulator. <h3>Interventions</h3> LSVT LOUD tune up sessions. Daily homework: 1-2x daily. Carryover assignments: Daily. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> 1) Qualitative interview 2) The Dysphagia Handicap Index (measures the effect of dysphagia on three aspects of their lives 1) physical, 2) functional, and 3) emotional) 3) Voice Handicap Index. <h3>Results</h3> Case study findings revealed changes from pre and post- LSVT LOUD tune-up sessions for two out of the three self-rated dysphagia perception measures. The physical perceptions (sensations of choking), emotional perceptions (fear of choking) improved from a moderate to a minimal perceived problem. Functional perceptions (avoidance of eating) remained unchanged at a normal level of a perceived problem. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Research indicates that with Parkinson's disease an individual's self-perception of functioning is not a reliable indicator of actual function. That is, their current ability to ambulate, communicate, and swallow may be more impaired than perceived. However, it is still important to include input from the individual as part of evidence-based practice guidelines. In this case study, the emotional perception of swallowing ability following tune-up sessions improved and may correlate to improved quality of life overall. Questions remain and include whether the perception of improved swallowing may relate to improved compliance with a comprehensive treatment protocol as well as overall quality of life and health. Additional research is needed to compare dysphagia perceptions of improvement after tune-up sessions and after the complete LSVT-LOUD program. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No conflicts for any authors.

Achalasia as a complication of bulimia nervosa: A case report

Objective: Oesophageal achalasia is a medical condition characterised by oesophageal aperistalsis, an increased resting pressure with partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder manifested by binge eating attacks followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting and excessive exercise. Dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting, retrosternal pain, heartburn, weight loss, avoidance of eating, consumption of large amount of liquids and aberrant eating behaviours are symptoms of both achalasia and BN. Owing to these common signs and symptoms, oesophageal achalasia can be misdiagnosed as an eating disorder. In addition, oesophageal achalasia can occur as a complication of BN. It is often difficult to distinguish organic and psychological vomiting or comorbidity because of overlapping of the symptoms.Case report: We report the case of a patient who developed oesophageal achalasia following severe, repetitive vomiting as a complication of BN.Conclusion: We want to raise awareness regarding the development of a medical illness in the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Importantly, physicians should have a fundamental knowledge of these two diseases regarding their clinical patterns to differentially diagnose one or both disorders as quickly as possible.

Achalasia as a complication of bulimia nervosa: A case report

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Oesophageal achalasia is a medical condition characterised by oesophageal aperistalsis, an increased resting pressure with partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder manifested by binge eating attacks followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting and excessive exercise. Dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting, retrosternal pain, heartburn, weight loss, avoidance of eating, consumption of large amount of liquids and aberrant eating behaviours are symptoms of both achalasia and BN. Owing to these common signs and symptoms, oesophageal achalasia can be misdiagnosed as an eating disorder. In addition, oesophageal achalasia can occur as a complication of BN. It is often difficult to distinguish organic and psychological vomiting or comorbidity because of overlapping of the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case report:&lt;/strong&gt; We report the case of a patient who developed oesophageal achalasia following severe, repetitive vomiting as a complication of BN.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; We want to raise awareness regarding the development of a medical illness in the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Importantly, physicians should have a fundamental knowledge of these two diseases regarding their clinical patterns to differentially diagnose one or both disorders as quickly as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

Attitudes and awareness towards eating disorders among students: a preliminary study

Aim of the studyThe aim of the present study was two-fold. The first purpose was to evaluate eating attitude and behaviours as well as knowledge about eating disorders in young adults women and men. The second purpose was to assess the relationship between measurable variables in both groups.Subject or material and methodsThe research consisted of 34 female and 32 male young adults aged 19-21 years. The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and the Eating Disorders Awareness Test were distributed to all participantsResultsFemale undergraduate students were more concerned about their weight and shape than male undergraduate students. Differences in eating disorders awareness between female and male groups were significant. In women knowledge of issues relevant to eating disorders was higher than in male. Among all participants, 52.9% of female and 18.75% of males declared an interest in eating disorders. Both women (72.2%) and men (50%) most often derived their knowledge about anorexia and bulimia nervosa from science press books and publications.DiscussionModerate positive correlations between avoidance of eating and shape concern as well as weight concern were found in both groups. In addition, in female university students restraint was related to eating concern.ConclusionsSince weight and shape concerns are considered to be integral to the psychopathology of eating disorders, it is definitely worth paying attention to the prevention of eating-related attitudes and behaviour in youth, particularly in female

FAILURE OF LOSING WEIGHT BY ACUPUNCTURE: ACUPUNCTURE FAILURE OR PATIENT INCOMPLIANCE?

Losing weight by acupuncture is an old Chinese method. Nevertheless, many physician and even people don’t believe to it. The main goal of this study is effectiveness of acupuncture on obesity. This study includes some 40 patients aged 16-48 years, with male to female ratio 1 to 2, who fulfilled with obesity criteria of this study. On the base of Obesity syndrome of diagnosis the mains body points were Ren12, St25, St28, St34, St44, Sp6, Li11. Also the stomach and sometimes shenmen point in ear were also selected. Each course includes 30 sessions. There was 5 Kg losing weight in 100% during 10 first sessions. After that the patients who continued regular sport and diets were able to progress continuing losing weight. None of them complete their 30 session. The maximum losing weight was 18 kg during 23 sessions. Some of patients mentioned eating is a fun for them and they would like to eat despite control of appetite by acupuncture which this prevented to losing weight. The effectiveness of acupuncture in control of appetite was 100%. Also in 100% of them there was about 5 kg losing weight during 10 first sessions. But after 10th session that it needs to more cooperation (like sport and avoidance of eating) of patients to continue losing weight, if there is no any compliance the process will stop. Many patients and also physicians believes no effect of acupuncture on obesity but in real there is the un compliance of patients which results to acupuncture failure.