Aviation Knowledge Research Articles

SMAAMA: A named entity alignment method based on Siamese network character feature and multi-attribute importance feature for Chinese civil aviation

With the growth of demand for air-space integrated transportation industry, the civil aviation transportation industry plays an increasingly important role in the national economy and transportation. The diversity and diversified development of civil aviation emergencies have greatly affected the decision-making efficiency for emergencies in civil aviation emergency management systems. Constructing a knowledge graph of civil aviation and improving the reliability and richness of the knowledge graph has become an urgent problem to be solved. There are some problems during the construction of a civil aviation domain knowledge graph such as long entity length, existing hybrid and composite entities, the similarity of the font features of domain entity names, a difference of information between entities, separated coding between entities, and error-prone in the transmission process of coding. So we research the construction method of knowledge graph for civil aviation emergencies to resolve these problems. (1) We propose a font pre-training model and incorporate a character feature layer into the embedding layer. (2) We propose a multi-attribute attention alignment method based on the Siamese network; entities with similar structures in the civil aviation knowledge base are input into the font layer for pre-training; the complete semantic information of entities and the importance of different attributes to entities are learned through two sub-networks respectively to improve the integrity of civil aviation knowledge graph. Experiments were carried out on the self-built aviation emergency and public data sets, respectively. The experimental results show that compared with other models, the F1 value of the proposed model can reach 96.97%, which verifies the feasibility of the model.

Online lab design for aviation engineering students in higher education: a pilot study

ABSTRACT There is a strong need for educators to change the way they conduct aviation education to bring up future professionals in the industry. To cope with the COVID-19 challenge, creative online distance learning approaches become necessary. This article shows how an online lab approach offers social and cognitive support for engineering students to sustain their learning. A series of learning activities including flight simulation and virtual tours were held in an online lab setting by aviation professionals and lecturers at a university in Hong Kong to 35 undergraduate engineering students. The online lab encouraged students to apply knowledge into practice and develop their theoretical and conceptual knowledge through activities. Workshops focusing on aviation laboratory education aimed at students’ development of aviation theoretical and technical knowledge, collaborative skills, field-specific, and practical skills. A mixed research method was employed with the use of a motivational survey, teachers’ observation, and semi-structured interviews to understand students’ learning perceptions. This study found that the online laboratory activities could effectively motivate students to learn about aviation and improve their aviation knowledge cognitively and socially. It is recommended for online engineering educators to use lab technologies to teach aviation and related disciplines for future career preparation.

CLARITY AND PRONUNCIATION OF AB-INITIO AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

The increasing number of aircraft flying around the world has led to the requirement for air traffic controllers to improve their communication skills to face high demand traffic in the future. The paper examines the communication errors in the pilot-controller communication of six ab-initio air traffic controllers during simulation training. More than three hours of conversation were collected and analyzed qualitatively using conversational analysis. The transcribed data yielded a total of 62 instances of communication errors. The data revealed that clarity and pronunciation of ab-initio controllers contributed to problematic communication and reduced the efficiency of the air traffic controllers in communicating. In contrast, pronunciation errors rarely diminished comprehension amongst the controllers and pilots who share a similar first language and are familiar with the use of English in a lingua franca setting. The study also describes other instances of communication errors in pilot-controller communication. The results indicate that ab-initio air traffic controllers need to be proficient in three main areas in pilot controller communication to improve their performance: aviation phraseology, aviation English, and aviation knowledge. The findings suggest that pilots and air traffic controllers should achieve level 4 (operational) in aviation language proficiency test, before proceeding to aviation training that requires them to be proficient in their language skills.

Reticence is not a Virtue in Aviation: Improving English Speaking Proficiency of Future Aviation Specialists

English language proficiency is a vital requirement for air-to-ground communication for aviation specialists. A special attention should be paid to developing speaking skills of future pilots, air traffic controllers and engineers. Our research has shown that future aviation specialists come across certain challenges in the process of communication in English: insufficient aviation knowledge to give an opinion, low motivation to speak, poor grammatical skills and insufficient knowledge of vocabulary items, uneven participation in discussions, and fear of making mistakes. To overcome these challenges some recommendations were formulated for teachers to follow. The problem-solving activities were chosen and designed to enhance students’ speaking skills. They include value-clarification tasks, discussions, role-plays, information-gap activities, describing pictures, and discussing videos. This research aims to define the impact of applying these problem-solving activities on developing students’ speaking skills. 120 second year students in aviation specialties took part in this experiment. They were divided into a control and an experimental group of equal numbers. In both groups, the teachers taught the same Aviation English content which corresponded to the syllabus. In addition, in the experimental group the teacher implemented the problem-solving activities, which contributed significantly to the development of future aviation specialists’ speaking skills.

The Correlation between Controllers’ Aviation Knowledge, Listening Comprehension, and IELP at JATSC

The aim of this research is to find the correlation between controllers’ aviation knowledge mastery, listening comprehension and ICAO English Language Proficiency (IELP) at Jakarta Air Traffic Services Centre (JATSC). This research focused on controllers as the homogeneity respondent hence the random sampling was the suitable way to get the data. Respondents were selected without taking account of anything. The researcher used quantitative approach method to carry on the project because it was believed that the data would be numerical thing. Meanwhile variable instrument that researcher deployed namely a test. The test itself provided for respondents was implemented into three items. Having got the data after finalising the test, it was analysed by using Product Moment Correlation. The data then was calculated using that method and the result was r calculation 0.371535165 and it was higher than 0.349 and it meant that there was correlation between controllers’ aviation knowledge mastery, listening comprehension and IELP.

Research on the Construction Technology of Knowledge Graph in Aviation

In order to alleviate the overload of airspace information under the network environment and integrate the scattered and useful airspace information, the technical architecture of knowledge graph in the aviation field is proposed. This paper describes the technical architecture of aviation knowledge graph construction, including knowledge extraction, knowledge fusion, knowledge processing, knowledge update and other key technologies and applications. Finally, an instance of knowledge graph for air combat is constructed. The knowledge graph discovers the hidden relationship between task and maneuver through resource sharing and information mining, which can be used for mission optimization and maneuver prediction to assist air combat decision-making.

CIVIL AND MILITARY AVIATION EDUCATION AS INTERDISCIPLINARY DIDACTIC SYSTEM: UPDATED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND COMPETENCES

On the basis of a national analysis and the expert discussion, this article presents a methodological approach to the realization of professional education and the creation of the required competencies for civilian and military aviation personnel, based on a system approach platform, with the application in the specific aviation education environment of future employees in the Transport sector. This article presents the third part of a study. The article used analysis and synthesis tools, the method “per partes” (integration in parts) and an expert method. The authors solved the following praxeological questions: How to identify the Interdisciplinary Didactic System for creating the required competencies of aviation personnel in the conditions of the Slovak Republic? What are the core themes of aviation knowledge in the Transport sector, the skills and competencies of our graduates? The strategic framework for the solutions is the implementation of a state education policy, the transport policy, the defence policy of the state and the relevant international and the European agenda, in the conditions of universities in Slovakia, in cooperation with their partners. The core outputs of this article are the framework knowledge, the skills and competences of graduates identified in the new field of study “Transport” in the Slovak Republic.

The Role and Influence of Government Economic Policies in the Process of Transferring or Developing the Required Technologies in the Aviation Knowledge - Based Industries and Aeronautics

The technology transfer can be defined as the knowledge transfer, new products or processes from an organization to other organizations for commercial profit. Governments and politicians play a significant role in transfer and development of technology. One of the main criteria in the transfer of technology is the economic efficiencies due to modern technologies compared to existing technologies. Every modern and advanced technology has its own economic comparative advantage. In this study, we will consider that what the technology transfer is in the aviation knowledge-based industries and aeronautics, whatthe different methods of technology are and how much the economic governments are effective in the development of this technology. Method: This research is descriptive-survey as well as a practical type, since its results are practical and effective for politicians and managers of technologies related to aviation industry and aeronautics. The basis of every model of technology transferis the criteria. In the present study, reviewing of previous researches are used in order to identify impressive factors on the economic policies which affect the technology transfer in the aviation industry and to provide a practical and research proposal In this regard. In this study, the executive process of government policies is considered as one of the important dimensions that can play a mediator role in the utilization process of opportunity and eventually offer future suggestions. Conclusion: Governments, especially in the economic field, have a significant role in the improvement and advancement of technology transfer. Vice-President of science and technology in the headquarters of development of technology and the aviation knowledge-based industries and aeronautics are responsible for executive policy, leading, coordinating and creating of communications and this is implementing among the required devices for extension of technology and knowledge-based industries in the field of aviation and aeronautics; which has to be within the framework of comprehensive document of country aerospace development. Hence, in the economic area, it is suggested that governments provide the economic growth requirements by presenting necessary facilities for improving of the technology transfer.

무인비행장치 분류기준에 따른 조종 자격제도 비교 연구

It is necessary to establish a UAV pilot license and training system because the number of UAV-related accidents has rapidly risen. Most of accidents are caused by the human factors such as the lack of control skill and aviation knowledge. In this paper, we investigate licensing policy of small UAV pilots and examine the level of UAV licensing system and classification criteria based on comparative analysis of national cases such as USA, UK and China. Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Affairs is planning to improve the safety regulation by taking into account the risk level of the licensing system, which has been classified according to the existing weight and commercial purpose. From the comparative analysis, we suggested a improvement policy for UAV licensing system in the view of pilot license segmentation, beyond Visual Line-of-sight flight and high risk UAV for non-commercial.

The Application of Full English Teaching Model in Aviation Theory Courses

Based on the analysis of full English teaching model, the teaching characteristics and current teaching situation of aviation theory courses, this paper analyzes the application of full English teaching model in the aviation theory courses, with the purpose of gradually innovating the present teaching methods in aviation colleges and universities, continuously improving the flight cadets’ enthusiasm in class, significantly encouraging flight cadets master more aviation knowledge and aviation English, and greatly enhancing the flight cadets’ comprehensive ability.

Predictive Validity of Spatial Ability and Perceptual Speed Tests for Aviator Training

ABSTRACTObjective: To present a multistudy examination of spatial ability and perceptual speed tests as predictors of Air Force aviator academic and flying training outcomes.Background: Whereas verbal and math tests are commonly used in academic and pre-employment selection, spatial ability and perceptual speed testing are less common. Spatial ability and perceptual speed tests have been a mainstay in U.S. Air Force aviation training selection batteries for decades, as part of the process for selecting aviation training candidates.Method and Results: Factor analysis (Study 1) of spatial, perceptual speed, and academic aptitude tests shows a 2-factor solution. Meta-analysis results (Study 2) of the predictive validity of spatial and perceptual speed tests relative to verbal, math, and technical knowledge tests show spatial ability, aviation knowledge, and perceptual speed tests are better significant predictors of aviator flying performance, whereas academic aptitude best predicts classroom performance. Incremental validity analyses (Study 3) of spatial and perceptual speed above academic and technical knowledge for academic and pilot trainee flying performance were performed. Although spatial ability lacks incremental validity over academic and technical aptitude, perceptual speed has incremental validity above academic and technical aptitude for predicting pilot trainee flying performance.Conclusion: Perceptual speed, an aspect of spatial ability, can provide incremental predictive validity beyond academic and technical knowledge measures alone for applied science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields like military aviation.

Risk Factor Affecting the Flight Operations of the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units

This research is a survey research. Its purposes were 1) to study the factors that caused the accidents of flight operations in the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units 2) to study and assess the risks of accidents in the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units and 3) to provide guidelines for commanders, pilots and personnel related to aviation to reduce the risk factors affecting the flight operations of the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units. The population in this research were 300 pilots of the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units. Questionnaires were used as research tool. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-Test and one way ANOVA by using statistical package program. The results revealed each aspect as follows: 1) personal factors in terms of marital status: there was the possibility to risk factors in the areas of man, machine, media and mission. In terms of education level: there was the possibility to risk factors in the areas of machine, media, mission and management. 2) Factor of flight experience in terms of flight hours of current specific aircraft: there was the possibility to risk factors in the areas of man and media. In terms of monthly average number of flight operations: there was the possibility to risk factors in the areas of media, mission and management. 3) Factor of aviation knowledge, topics in education and training in aviation. Those who never study in Aviation Safety Officer Course: there was the possibility to risk factors in the areas of overall, machine and management. The results of the risk assessment found that 1) the man factor was a moderate risk 2) the machine factor was a moderate risk 3) the media factor was a high risk 4) the mission factor was a moderate risk and 5) the management factor was a high risk. Guidelines for reducing risk factors of the research results, proposed to the commanders to consider issuing the regulations to reduce the risk factors affecting the flight operations of the Royal Thai Army Aviation Units.

Aptitude and Trait Predictors of Manned and Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Job Performance

Previous research has shown that the same aptitude and trait measures that predict success in U.S. Air Force (USAF) manned aircraft pilot training predict remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot training outcomes with generally similar levels of validity (Carretta, 2013; Rose, Barron, Carretta, Arnold, & Howse, 2014). However, because USAF RPA pilots initially train in manned aircraft, validation of aptitude and traits predictive of RPA pilot success has thus far been limited to RPA pilot training outcomes that actually require manned flight. Hence, thus far, there has been no basis for determining the aptitudes and traits predictive of success in environments in which pilots actually fly RPAs. To address this gap, the present study evaluated preaccession trait (Big Five personality domains) and aptitude (spatial, quantitative, and aviation knowledge) measures as predictors of manned and unmanned aircraft pilot performance on-the-job, as measured by supervisor and senior rater stratification on 3 years of Officer Performance Reports (OPRs). Results were generally consistent in showing that the same aptitudes, knowledge, and personality traits that predict successful job performance for manned aircraft pilots also predict successful job performance for RPA pilots. However, results also showed preaccession aviation knowledge to be a stronger predictor of job performance for RPA pilots than for manned aircraft pilots. These findings and their implications for attracting and selecting RPA pilots are discussed.

On Perception and Reality in Wireless Air Traffic Communication Security

More than a dozen wireless technologies are used by air traffic communication systems during different flight phases. From a conceptual perspective, all of them are insecure as security was never part of their design. Recent contributions from academic and hacking communities have exploited this inherent vulnerability to demonstrate attacks on some of these technologies. However, not all of these contributions have resonated widely within aviation circles. At the same time, the security community lacks certain aviation domain knowledge, preventing aviation authorities from giving credence to their findings. In this paper, we aim to reconcile the view of the security community and the perspective of aviation professionals concerning the safety of air traffic communication technologies. To achieve this, we first provide a systematization of the applications of wireless technologies upon which civil aviation relies. Based on these applications, we comprehensively analyze vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures. We categorize the existing research on countermeasures into approaches that are applicable in the short term and research of secure new technologies deployable in the long term. Since not all of the required aviation knowledge is codified in academic publications, we additionally examine existing aviation standards and survey 242 international aviation experts. Besides their domain knowledge, we also analyze the awareness of members of the aviation community concerning the security of wireless systems and collect their expert opinions on the potential impact of concrete attack scenarios using these technologies.

Aviation Cabin Safety Situated Learning Education Design-An Empirical Study for Elementary Students

Responsibility and obligation of aviation safety are undertaken not only by the crew but also by the passengers in a flight. Therefore, the importance of aviation safety should be recognized by both parties. Current fundamental traffic safety educations in Taiwan are more inclined to road safety and most of the way education is taught in the classroom, this study presents a Cabin mockup-based situated learning education program design with immersive education means to enhance children's understanding of the relevant cabin safety. Due to plasticity of elementary school students are better, this method can not only improve aviation education but also be better achieved popularity aviation knowledge in the long run. A pretest-posttest control group design was used to evaluate the effect of a cabin mockup-based situated learning education program designed to enhance the safety concepts in elementary school students, the results showed that after a different education method, students learning outcomes in the two groups on cabin safety concept presenting significant differences. Significantly better than the control group students (traditional instruction) in the experimental group students (situational experience), and the control group students in the context of strengthening the implementation using cabin mockup simulated leaning education, this can significantly improve the effectiveness of learning into. For airline cabin safety promotion, it is recommended to change the pattern from visiting to cabin experience camp that is because the airlines can use their own cabin mockup to promote the site as a situation education classroom.

Early Identification of Unmanned Aircraft Pilots Using Measures of Personality and Aptitude

This study evaluated the extent to which personality measures (Self-Description Inventory+) could improve prediction of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) training outcomes, beyond currently used cognitive, psychomotor, and aviation knowledge and experience predictors included in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Pilot Candidate Selection Method 2.0. Participants were 170 USAF officers with RPA Initial Flight Screening (RFS) outcomes and 110 USAF officers with RPA Instrument Qualification (RIQ) outcomes. Both RFS and RIQ emphasize development of skills traditionally required for manned aircraft pilots, also considered essential for USAF RPA pilots. Results showed significant negative relationships between the Big Five personality trait of Openness and several RPA training outcomes, and significant incremental variance explained by Openness beyond other predictors. Additionally, RFS and RIQ training outcomes were generally predicted by measures traditionally used for selection into manned aircraft pilot training courses and careers. Together, these findings suggest that personality, specifically Openness scores, and scores on traditional pilot selection measures, can serve as useful indicators in the early identification of RPA pilot talent.

Mandating health care by creeps and jerks

In the 1970s a famous stoush occurred amongst evolutionary theorists. Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldridge, giants of the field, proposed that evolution occurs in bursts after long periods of relative stability, which they labelled punctuated equilibrium . A critic humorously called this theory ‘evolution by jerks’ [1], which Gould bested by responding that gradualism was ‘evolution by creeps’ [2]. Whether or not scholars are as witty and acerbic as they once were is a moot point. But it reminds us of a serious puzzle in health policy: should regulation of patient safety continue on its path of gradual improvement or drive rapid change? Aviation is a case exemplar. It has taught other industries many lessons. Creating better teams through ‘crew resource management’ by institutionalizing team briefings before and after assignments, using checklists to confirm procedures have been done, practising graded assertiveness when problems arise, making efforts to be aware of one's surroundings and identifying, monitoring and reporting adverse events all come to mind [3, 4]. In short, aviation's knowledge is about how to run high reliability organizations [5], and it has created this through rapid step changes. Much of what has been achieved in aviation is through mandating behaviours [6]. Flying is controlled and regulated, and not just for briefings, checklisting of procedures, standardized language and dealing with incidents. No one can report for duty let alone fly if they are ill, fatigued or under the influence of alcohol or drugs, which are randomly tested. Even over the …

Retaining Women in Collegiate Aviation by Implementing Learning Style Considerations

Women are clearly underrepresented in aviation. Research must be accomplished to determine which factors influence women, once they have indicated a serious interest in an aviation career, to stay in collegiate aviation programs or to leave. Addressing the issue of women’s retention in aviation is one way to help address the growing commercial pilot shortage, while moving toward gender equity in this critical, national industry. Projected shortages in the commercial pilot population, coupled with the low representation of women in career pilot positions, suggest that aviation education and training institutions should re-examine the structure and organization of the aviation knowledge transfer process. Classroom enhancements could improve education methods to make them more efficient from the perspectives of increased knowledge retention, improved application to broader subjects, and reduced loss to attrition of viable pilot candidates to enter the commercial pilot workforce. This study examines how aviation education can best serve the aviation student’s learning style needs. The study looks at learning style theory, from the viewpoint of the wide diversity of aviation learners who are dominantly visual, auditory, or hands-on, tactile, or kinesthetic learners, and how women’s learning styles are pivotal to their success and retention in collegiate aviation. By exploring how people learn best, and then providing those learners with the tools to maximize their dominant learning styles, the next generation of pilots, both women and men, should be better prepared to enter the aviation industry and help reduce the projected commercial pilot shortages.

Near identity of cognitive structure in sex and ethnic groups

Comparisons of aptitude factor structures were made in large samples of young Americans who took a multiple aptitude test battery. The factor model that was used had been statistically confirmed. It included hierarchical g and five lower-order factors representing Verbal, Math, Spatial, Technical Knowledge, and Perpetual Speed. The model showed good fit for both the sexes (male and female) and ethnic group (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian-American, and Native-American) comparisons. The proportions of total and common variance accounted for by g and the five lower-order factors were similar for men and women and for all five ethnic groups. Confirmatory factor techniques that imposed statistical constraints tested if the loadings of the tests were the same for both sexes and for Whites vs each of the other ethnic groups. Although many of the tests of the differences in the loadings were statistically significant, most differences were small in magnitude (less than 0.05). The most notable differences occurred for a test of aviation knowledge. It had a lower loading for men than for women on both hierarchical g and on the lower-order Technical Knowledge factor. It also had a lower loading for Whites than for Blacks and Asian-Americans on the lower-order Technical Knowledge factor. Correlations between factor loadings for the sex groups and for all pairs of ethnic groups were very high, approaching r = 1.0. Regressions between pairs of groups indicated that there was no mean difference in loadings between males and females and among the ethnic groups. These findings, along with previous research, present a consistent picture of near identity of structure of intellect for sex and ethnic groups.