Average Worth Research Articles

Economic valuation from direct use of melaleuca forest at U Minh Ha National Park, Vietnam

This paper investigates the direct use values of melaleuca forests at U Minh Ha National Park. The market price method (MPM) was utilised to estimate the economic value. A semi-structured questionnaire comprising multiple-choice and open-ended questions was administered to 360 families in 2022 to collect data on the various forest products available locally, the quantity of these products collected, as well as their corresponding prices and costs. The results revealed that the total net benefits that the local people derived from the entire melaleuca ecosystem were US$ 73,022,184 per year, or an average worth of US$ 1,723 per person per year. Most of the local annual income was derived from construction pole harvesting (US$ 57,092,223), followed by wood for fishing boats (US$ 5,792,757) and fish (US$ 6,226,995). The melaleuca ecosystem was significant, contributing an average of 75% to the total annual per capita income for the local people. However, the U Minh Ha melaleuca ecosystems are threatened and predicted to disappear in 118 years if the current extraction rate of wood products (2,204 kg/person/year) remains uncontrolled. This suggests an urgent need for an integrated management plan that incorporates melaleuca preservation, as well as the commercial and local use interests in this area.

Liner Regression to Predict World Cup

The 2022 World Cup competition has come to an end. The winning team is not the most expensive team. In order to study the relationship between team strength and average worth, this paper uses the linear fitting method to analyze the two. Team strength: We can derive a relatively fixed strength based on the team's ranking in the world. This fitting has achieved certain results. There is a certain linear relationship between the two. The predictions speak to a team's long-term strength. To understand the relationship between the two, we need to collect data from Kaggle to come up with a more accurate ranking. The author used some preliminary data to analyze the strength of each team. Then match their ratings to their worth. Preliminary linear fitting is carried out first. With such a linear model, we can get the approximate level of a team's worth and their winning percentage after many games.

Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance

Maize is abstemiously sensitive to drought. Drought distresses almost all characteristics of maize growth in variable degrees at all phases of life cycle. Drought pressure, predominantly at flowering period, has been recognized as the most destructing aspect restraining maize production and productivity. So, improving drought tolerance has become the top priority in maize improvement programs. In the current study, 80 genotypes of maize including 66 hybrid, 12 parents and 2 check (drought tolerant HKI1105 and drought susceptible HKI1128 respectively) were included. These genotypes grown under irrigated and partial irrigated conditions and laid out in a randomized block design with two replications. Under irrigated condition, grain yield ranged between 36.29g to 129.6g with a mean value of 73.06g. Whereas under partial irrigated condition, grain yield arrayed between 23.6g to 155.58g with an average worth of 66.11g. Under partial irrigated conditions correlation studies of grain yield displayed significant and positive correlation with relative water contents (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) while negative correlation was detected with turgid weight (TW) and saturation water deficit (SWD). Furthermore, molecular characterization also performed employing 20 droughts linked polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 110 alleles with a mean of 5.5 alleles per marker were amplified. Cluster analysis revealed that genotypes HKI1105 fallen in a group with 47 other genotypes, so possibility exist that all the genotypes may be drought tolerant. Drought tolerant genotypes and polymorphic microsatellite markers may be further validated and potentially employed in molecular marker-aided breeding to develop drought tolerant cultivar in maize.

APLIKASI PENCARIAN ASISTEN RUMAH TANGGA “ASISTENKU” PADA MODUL MITRA BERBASIS ANDROID

The benefits of information technology are currently experiencing very rapid development. One of the rapidly developing information technology is the internet. Internet technology can access information anywhere and anytime, at a very low cost. The internet can be accessed using a smartphone and is useful for communicating or searching for information. Information is also needed in a household assistant service offering, so that a prospective assistant can more quickly find an employer without having to come to the service provider. In this study, an application was made to look for android-based household assistants. This application helps users to get information about the existence of household assistant jobs by displaying work information needed according to their fields. Applications are tested by functional and non-functional testing methods using a Likert scale. Based on functional testing it is known that the application has fulfilled the required functions and based on non-functional testing it is known that the respondents' assessment of the application is on average worth 90.5% which means it is very good.

Evaluating the variations of point kinetics parameters in pressurized heavy water reactor analyses

Since the pressurized heavy water reactor design utilizes natural uranium bundles as its fuel, there is a need to keep replenishing the reactor core with unirradiated fuel bundles in order to keep the reactor critical. This practice causes the fuel inventory in the core to be very dynamic since the changes are not solely due to the depletion of the fuels due to irradiation but also due to the presence of new fuel bundles in the core. An average behaviour of the core after operating in an equilibrium stage for a long time can be captured through the time-average approach. This approach has been extensively used in the pressurized heavy water reactor fuel management, especially during the design phase where the actual data from the operating reactor are not readily available. The time-average core is utilized for many purposes such as to determine the average fueling rate, to determine the average worth of various reactivity control devices, as well as to determine the point kinetics parameters for transient analyses. The objective of this paper is to quantify potential variations in the point kinetics parameters (namely the decay constants and the delayed neutron fractions) as a function of core inventories with respect to the time-average-based values. In particular, 100 core configurations representing various snapshots from an equilibrium operation of the core have been utilized to quantify these potential variations. It should also be noted that the point kinetics equation (PKE) is utilized in this study, instead of full-core space–time model, since the objective of this paper is to bring about the awareness of potential variations and the PKE should be sufficient. The results of this study indicate that, for a point kinetics equations system involving six precursor groups, the variations in precursor decay constants and delayed neutron fractions could be as high as ±0.45% and ±4.85%, respectively. Using the point kinetics parameters in a simple transient involving an insertion of positive reactivity, it is demonstrated that the variation in the trip time for the transient could vary up to approximately ±3.55%, depending on the amount of positive reactivity insertion. These potential variations should be acknowledged since it is an important part of safety analysis. However, it is also important to note that, based on the amount of positive reactivity insertion evaluated in this study, the higher variation corresponds to a lower level of positive reactivity insertion which means that the transient will be slowly developing, could be observed more readily, and, therefore, could be easily terminated.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SOFTWARE PROTEUS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENERAPAN RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 JETIS

The research was conducted in SMK Negeri 1 Jetis where the learning process requires media so that students can learn independently to support the activities of the practicum. This study uses a learning media that the software proteus. The purpose of this research is: (1) determine differences in student learning outcomes before the application and after the application of learning media software proteus, (2) determine the response of students to the eye pelejaran the application of the electronic circuit. The method of research is Pre-Experimental Design with the shape of the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The technique of data analysis using the t test to determine differences in learning outcomes and student responses using a sheet of the questionnaire. The validation sheet filled by two faculty of Electrical Engineering and one teachers of SMK. This research resulted in the discussion, namely: (1) Differences in learning outcomes of students by using the t test obtained value of 0.000 and the level of significant was set at 0.05 so that the value of 0,000<0,05 means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students before and after the application of learning media software proteus. (2) the Response of students to obtain the average worth 82% of which consists of 3 aspects, namely aspects of interest, the material and the suitability of the efforts of the subjects. So the average is classified in the category of very good for the students ' response to the subjects. Learning Media can be used as effective media so that students do not feel bored with the material being taught.

Pengajaran Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia Menggunakan Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Disertai Macromedia Flash Hasil Pengembangan

This research is a research and development (R&D) using ADDIE (Ananlysis, design, development, implementation and evaluate) method, aimed at developing Macromedia Flash learning media and knowing the improvement of students' chemistry learning outcomes. The sample consisted of 3 chemistry validator lecturers, macromedia flash, class XI Science -1 (27 students) for the experimental class and XI Science -2 (27 students) for the control class from High School Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. Learning in the experimental class problem-based learning model (PBL) with Macromedia Flash is the result of development, and in the PBL control class without Macromedia Flash. Macromedia Flash validation developed using the BSNP instrument, obtained an average content worth of 4.39; language 4.66; presentation 4.39; and graphic 4.33; on average all aspects are 4.44 (very feasible category). Learning outcomes data were processed descriptively and analyzed with one-party t-test, obtained an increase in student chemistry learning outcomes with the experimental class gain 80.00%, and the control class 72.00%. Hypothesis testing obtained tcount> ttable is 4.396 > 1.672. Conclusions that the application of macromedia flash learning media as a result of development in PBL can significantly improve student learning outcomes in equilibrium material in class XI Science High School.

Development and Validation of Open Ended Based on Worksheet for Growing Higher Level Thinking Skills of Students

<p>This research aims to develop open ended-based worksheet in improving students' high-level thinking skills on static fluid materials. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with 3 steps namely, the initial stage, then the design and development of the product, and finally the product testing. The data analysis technique for product effectiveness is with the main field trials, namely (1) N-gain analysis, (2) paired t-test, (3) ANCOVA, and finally (4) effect size test. From the test results obtained information that conducted 10 students showed the results of the development worksheets obtained the average worth of development products by 90% this value is included in the very high category, while the student response of the average of 88% and also the readability response of 89% in the very high category. In the results of the n-gain analysis also show the value is0.70, that mean medium category. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that worksheets based on open ended can improve students' higher-order thinking skills. So, in further development we suggest that open ended-based on worksheet is not only applied to static fluid material, but also in other materials.</p>

Millennial Generation: Information on the Economic Status of Millennial Households Compared to Previous Generations

Recent research indicates that, across three key measures, economic mobility in the United States is limited. Specifically, the Millennial generation (those born between 1982 and 2000) might not have the same opportunity as previous generations had to fare better economically than their parents. According to studies GAO reviewed, the share of people making more money than their parents at the same age (absolute mobility) has declined over the last 40 years, and the chances of moving up the income distribution (relative mobility) have been flat over time. Using a third measure of economic mobility (intergenerational income elasticity), researchers have found that income in adulthood is linked to how much a person's parents made, and that between one-third and two-thirds of economic status is passed down from parents to children. This is especially true of the lowest and highest income groups. Researchers also identified race and geography as key determinants of an individual's economic mobility. Millennials have different financial circumstances than Generation X (born 1965-1981) and Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964), and in light of flat or declining economic mobility, there is uncertainty about how they will fare financially as they age. A snapshot of data that allowed GAO to compare Millennials aged 25-34 to the previous two generations at similar ages showed that Millennial households were more likely than other generations to be college educated; however, incomes have remained flat across the three generations, implying that Millennials have not yet benefited from the potential additional lifetime income earned by college graduates. Millennial households had significantly lower median and average net worth than Generation X households at similar ages, especially among those with low net worth. Median net worth for the lowest quartile of Baby Boomers and Generation X was around zero, but it was substantially negative for Millennials, indicating that debt was greater than assets for the median low net worth Millennial household. Regarding assets, a significantly lower percentage of Millennials owned homes compared to previous generations at similar ages, but had retirement resources at rates comparable to Generation X and Baby Boomers. Finally, Millennials were more likely to have student loan debt that exceeded their annual income. It remains to be seen how these factors will affect Millennials' financial circumstances in the long run, including retirement.

Estimation of the location parameter and the average worth of the selected subset of two parameter exponential populations under LINEX loss function

ABSTRACTSuppose a subset of populations is selected from k exponential populations with unknown location parameters θ1, θ2, …, θk and common known scale parameter σ. We consider the estimation of the location parameter of the selected population and the average worth of the selected subset under an asymmetric LINEX loss function. We show that the natural estimator of these parameters is biased and find the uniformly minimum risk-unbiased (UMRU) estimator of these parameters. In the case of k = 2, we find the minimax estimator of the location parameter of the smallest selected population. Furthermore, we compare numerically the risk of UMRU, minimax, and the natural estimators.

Instrumentais nas caixas cirúrgicas: avaliação de custo

Objective: To evaluate the number of instruments in surgical boxes, which are not used during a surgery in a hospital in the state of Sao Paulo. Method: Data collection resulted from the direct observation of the instruments used in surgery, recording the actual number of instruments in the box, the number of instruments used in surgery, and the number of unused ones. Results: On an average, about 52% of existing materials in surgical boxes are not used, generating high costs for the institution. Calculating the losses, we obtained an average worth US$ 2.90 (R$ 8.00) per surgical box used, mounting up to the value of U$ 566 (R$ 1,584.17) per month. Conclusions: We conclude that there is a waste of materials, which are sterilized and not used in surgical procedures, directly reflecting the quality and the cost management of the sterilized material center. Keywords: Surgical instruments. Costs and cost analysis. Surgical procedures, operative

Still Slipping: African-American Women in the Economy and in Society

This article focuses on the progress and regress of African-American women since the publication in 1986 of the author's Slipping through the Cracks: The Status of Black Women. Gaps between African-American women and other groups (including African-American men and white women) are still reported in education, employment, income, health services, and incarceration. Some experts believe that racial equality has been achieved in the U.S., and affirmative action has slowed. However, the evidence demonstrates that disparity still exists, especially for African-American women at the bottom of income distribution. Their economic status lags behind white women's. For example, according to the Insight Center for Community Economic Development, the average net worth of a single, middle-aged white woman is $42,600; the average net worth of a single, middle-aged Black woman is $5. This disparity affects not just the women but their children and their educational opportunities.

Average worth estimation of the selected subset of Poisson populations

Let Π1, …, Π p be p(p≥2) independent Poisson populations with unknown parameters θ1, …, θ p , respectively. Let X i denote an observation from the population Π i , 1≤i≤p. Suppose a subset of random size, which includes the best population corresponding to the largest (smallest) θ i , is selected using Gupta and Huang [On subset selection procedures for Poisson populations and some applications to the multinomial selection problems, in Applied Statistics, R.P. Gupta, ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 97–109] and (Gupta et al. [On subset selection procedures for Poisson populations, Bull. Malaysian Math. Soc. 2 (1979), pp. 89–110]) selection rule. In this paper, the problem of estimating the average worth of the selected subset is considered under the squared error loss function. The natural estimator is shown to be biased and the UMVUE is obtained using Robbins [The UV method of estimation, in Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics-IV, S.S. Gupta and J.O. Berger, eds., Springer, New York, vol. 1, 1988, pp. 265–270] UV method of estimation. The natural estimator is shown to be inadmissible, by constructing a class of dominating estimators. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the bias and risk of the natural, dominated and UMVU estimators are computed and compared.

Estimating The Average Worth Of A Subset Selected From Binomial Populations

Suppose \(\overline{X}=(\overline{X}_1,...\overline{X}_p), (p\geq 2)\); where \(\overline{X}_i\)represents the mean of a random sample of size ni drawn from binomial \(bin(1,\theta_i)\) population. Assume the parameters \(\theta_1,...,\theta_p\) are unknown and the populations \(bin(1,\theta_1),...,bin(1,\theta_p)\) are independent. A subset of random size is selected using Gupta's (Gupta, S. S. (1965). On some multiple decision(selection and ranking) rules. Technometrics 7,225-245) subset selection procedure. In this paper, we estimate of the average worth of the parameters for the selected subset under squared error loss and normalized squared error loss functions. First, we show that neither the unbiased estimator nor the risk- unbiased estimator of the average worth (corresponding to the normalized squared error loss function) exist based on a single-stage sample. Second, when additional observations are available from the selected populations, we derive an unbiased and risk-unbiased estimators of the average worth and also prove that the natural estimator of the average worth is positively biased. Finally, the bias and risk of the natural, unbiased and risk-unbiased estimators are computed and compared using Monti Carlo simulation method.

Graphite reflecting characteristics and shielding factors for Miniature Neutron Source Reactors

The usability of graphite as a reflector for MNSRs is investigated in this paper. Its use is optimized and shielding factors are calculated. Graphite seems to be compatible with liquid water. As a reflector, graphite proves to be usable as well, but it decreases the fuel cycle lifetime by about 7%. To optimize its use the average worth reactivity of the unit volume was assessed for the different modes of filling the shim tray of the reactor with graphite which were: RIOS, RIOC, ROIS, and ROIC modes for the radial direction, and ASM, and ACM modes for the axial one. This quantity was found to be maximum for the ROIC mode reaching more than 0.01 mk/cm 3. The shielding factors for the radial and axial filling modes were found to be 0.7101 and 0.6266, respectively.

Estimating Average Worth of the Selected Subset from Two-Parameter Exponential Populations

ABSTRACT Suppose independent random samples are available from k(k ≥ 2) exponential populations ∏1,…,∏ k with a common location θ and scale parameters σ1,…,σ k , respectively. Let X i and Y i denote the minimum and the mean, respectively, of the ith sample, and further let X = min{X 1,…, X k } and T i = Y i − X; i = 1,…, k. For selecting a nonempty subset of {∏1,…,∏ k } containing the best population (the one associated with max{σ1,…,σ k }), we use the decision rule which selects ∏ i if T i ≥ c max{T 1,…,T k }, i = 1,…, k. Here 0 < c ≤ 1 is chosen so that the probability of including the best population in the selected subset is at least P* (1/k ≤ P* < 1), a pre-assigned level. The problem is to estimate the average worth W of the selected subset, the arithmetic average of means of selected populations. In this article, we derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) of W. The bias and risk function of the UMVUE are compared numerically with those of analogs of the best affine equivariant estimator (BAEE) and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE).

ON THE SEMIVALUES AND THE POWER CORE OF COOPERATIVE TU GAMES

A weighted average worth per capita formula is presented for any semivalue of a TU game. Further, this formula is used to derive a characterisation of the class of games with the property that a given semivalue belongs to the power core of the game, by means of a linear system of inequalities. It is shown that for the Shapley value, the only efficient semivalue, this system reduces to the system already obtained by Inarra and Usategui. The potential approach is also used even for the more general case of values possessing a potential. A direct proof shows that for a value possessing a potential, the value of a game is in the power core relative to this value, if and only if the potential game is weak average convex. From this result, it follows that for a game and each of its subgames the value possessing a potential is in the corresponding power cores, if and only if the potential game relative to the value is average convex. This is an extension of the result obtained by Marin–Solano and Rafels for the Shapley value, proved by using the dividend form of the game.

Projected gains in rotation-age volume and value from fusiform rust resistant slash and loblolly pines

Midrotation data from large block plots of resistant and susceptible slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used in combination with the Georgia pine plantation simulator growth model to provide projected gains per hectare in volume and value generated by resistance to fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme). The difference in the projected volume production between the resistant and susceptible planting stock of slash pine was larger than the difference between resistance levels in loblolly pine. The increases in projected volume and the reductions in percent infection of the resistant stock led to large differences in the value of the resistant and susceptible planting stock. At a 6% real discount rate, plantations of resistant slash pine were on average worth between 40.2 and 89.8% more than plantations of susceptible slash pine. Plantations of resistant loblolly were on average worth between 6.1 and 40.3% more than plantations of susceptible loblolly pine. However, the marginal value of rust resistance in loblolly was not significantly different from zero under the assumption that economic differences are only due to volume losses and not losses due to product degrade.

Projected gains in rotation-age volume and value from fusiform rust resistant slash and loblolly pines

Midrotation data from large block plots of resistant and susceptible slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used in combination with the Georgia pine plantation simulator growth model to provide projected gains per hectare in volume and value generated by resistance to fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme). The difference in the projected volume production between the resistant and susceptible planting stock of slash pine was larger than the difference between resistance levels in loblolly pine. The increases in projected volume and the reductions in percent infection of the resistant stock led to large differences in the value of the resistant and susceptible planting stock. At a 6% real discount rate, plantations of resistant slash pine were on average worth between 40.2 and 89.8% more than plantations of susceptible slash pine. Plantations of resistant loblolly were on average worth between 6.1 and 40.3% more than plantations of susceptible loblolly pine. However, the marginal value of rust resistance in loblolly was not significantly different from zero under the assumption that economic differences are only due to volume losses and not losses due to product degrade.

Collinearity between the Shapley value and the egalitarian division rules for cooperative games

For each cooperativen-person gamev and eachh∈{1, 2, ⋯,n}, letv h be the average worth of coalitions of sizeh andv h i the average worth of coalitions of sizeh which do not contain playeri∈N. The paper introduces the notion of a proportional average worth game (or PAW-game), i.e., the zero-normalized gamev for which there exist numbersc h ∈ℝ such thatv h −v h i =c h (v n−1−v n −1/i ) for allh∈{2, 3, ⋯,n−1}, andi∈N. The notion of average worth is used to prove a formula for the Shapley value of a PAW-game. It is shown that the Shapley value, the value representing the center of the imputation set, the egalitarian non-separable contribution value and the egalitarian non-average contribution value of a PAW-game are collinear. The class of PAW-games contains strictly the class ofk-coalitional games possessing the collinearity property discussed by Driessen and Funaki (1991). Finally, it is illustrated that the unanimity games and the landlord games are PAW-games.