Average Visual Analog Scale Pain Research Articles

Infiltration Technique for the Fourth FDS Opponensplasty Under WALANT

Background: Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is a surgical technique that relies on anesthetic and hemostatic agents to provide conditions suitable for hand surgery without sedation and a tourniquet. The opponensplasty using the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer with the pisiform pulley is one of the most used in severe carpal tunnel syndrome patient who is unable to perform thumb opposition due to thenar muscle atrophy with the benefit of small incision, less soft tissue dissection, easy to perform, good esthetic result and has minor morbidity. Key advantages of the pisiform pulley provide balancing abduction and flexion strength of the thumb. To date, there is no report using the WALANT technique for the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty with pisiform pulley. Materials and Method: Between January 2019 and January 2022, 18 patients (4 males and 14 females) with severe carpal tunnel syndrome with thenar muscle atrophy underwent fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty as day surgery under the WALANT technique. Operative data, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and complications were recorded. All patients underwent the procedure without any complications. Results: The average age of the patients was 58.4 (43 to 62) year-old. The average operative time was 38.4 (17 to 47) minutes. The average VAS score during the anesthetic injection was 6.43 (4 to -8). The average VAS pain score during the operation was 2.1 (1 to 3). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 3 (2.6 to 6.2) mL. Conclusions: The WALANT technique is safe and can be used as alternative anesthesia for the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty with pisiform pulley. This technique overcomes the problem of judging the appropriate amount of transfer tension by observing awake patients actively. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic study, level IV

Arthroscopic surgery for ankle gouty arthritis: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes at six month follow-up based on a novel classification system

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and recurrence rate of patients diagnosed with ankle gouty arthritis who underwent arthroscopic surgery based on the new classification.MethodsA total of 51 patients diagnosed with ankle gouty arthritis were included in this retrospective study. A new classification was proposed based on the location and extent of MSU crystal deposition under an arthroscopy view. Patients are classified into different types and underwent arthroscopic surgery accordingly. The primary outcome measure was the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. The secondary outcomes included the visual analog pain scale (VAS), serum uric acid levels, and the recurrence rate of ankle gouty arthritis at one year postoperatively.ResultsBased on the new classification, five patients were Type I, 24 patients were Type II, five were Type III A, six were Type III B, and 11 were Type IV. The average follow-up time was 23.5 ± 10.9 months. The AOFAS hindfoot-ankle score improved significantly from 70.3 ± 15.9 to 85.6 ± 13.0 (p < 0.01). The mean serum uric acid level was significantly decreased from 442.0 ± 109.2 to 540.5 ± 132.4 (p < 0.01). The average VAS scale decreased from 3.8 ± 1.9 to 1.4 ± 1.7 (p < 0.01). The median of recurrences in one year postoperatively was significantly decreased from 1.5 (1, 3.75) to 0 (0, 0.75) (p < 0.01).ConclusionA new classification strategy for ankle gouty arthritis based on arthroscopic view was proposed. Patients with ankle gouty arthritis showed significant improvement in ankle function and pain relief after undergoing arthroscopic surgery driven by the new classification.

All-suture fixation of syndesmotic injuries: a case series.

To retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients treated for syndesmotic injuries with an all-suture construct technique and compare their patient reported outcome scores with historically published outcomes of syndesmotic injuries fixed with suspensory suture buttons. This was a retrospective case series of patients treated at a Level 1 Trauma Center from May 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022. Ten patients aged 18 and older with unstable syndesmotic injuries treated with all-suture repair. Patients were excluded if they were treated with trans-osseous screws, had previous failed syndesmotic fixation, or suspensory suture button fixation. Patient-reported outcomes including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot scores, and complications were recorded. In the patients with 6weeks or more of radiographic follow-up (N = 9), there was no evidence of nonunion, loss of fixation, hardware complication, or whitling of the fibula by the suture. At final follow-up average VAS pain scores were 1.5 out of 10 (range 0-4; SD 1.2), AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scores averaged 89.6 out of 100 (range 86-100; SD 6.1). The pain subscale of the AOFAS score averaged 37.5 out of 40 (range 35-40; SD 2.5). The functional subscale of the AOFAS score averaged 46 out of 50 (range 44-50; SD 3.0). Stiffness was reported in one patient at their follow-up visits, which resolved with continued physical therapy. There were no superficial or deep infections. In conclusion, this case series presents the first clinical outcomes of an all-suture fixation technique for treatment of unstable syndesmotic ankle injuries. Our results suggest that the all-suture fixation technique results in similar patient reported outcomes when compared with historically reported patient reported outcomes of suspensory suture button fixation, and low rates of complication or hardware failure.

Autologous bone plug-sliding with core decompression and bone marrow aspirate concentrate application: a joint-preserving surgical technique for corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.

This study aimed to describe a surgical procedure for the management of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and report its clinical results. The technique included harvesting a bone plug from the lateral femoral neck, core decompression, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) application; the procedure was completed by press-fit insertion of the autologous bone plug in the debrided area. Autologous bone plug-sliding with core decompression and bone marrow concentrate aspirate application provides good clinical outcomes in the management of ONFH. A retrospective review was performed using records of patients operated on between October 2019 and June 2021. Only patients with Ficat-Arlet stage-2 ONFH, who underwent the procedure described, were included. Twenty- nine hips (18 patients) were included and evaluated clinically and radiologically. Clinical evaluation included the Harris hip score (HHS) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, while radiological evaluation included direct radiographs. The average age was 39.8 years (± 11.7, range: 24-65 years). The average follow-up was 13.5 months (± 3.4, range: 8-19 months). There were improvements in the VAS pain and Harris hip scores in all patients. Average HHS increased from 61.90 to 87.45 (p < 0.001), while the average VAS pain score decreased from 7.14 to 3.27 (p < 0.001). No complications were encountered in any of the patients during the follow-up. None of the patients had femoral head collapse on the latest radiograph or required total hip replacement. The combination of the novel autologous bone plug-sliding method with conventional regenerative methods is a successful treatment choice for ONFH.

Does preoperative gabapentin or intraoperative ketorolac influence postoperative pain following hip arthroscopy?

Optimization of perioperative analgesia has important implications for patient satisfaction and short-term outcomes. This study's purpose is to assess if preoperative gabapentin or intraoperative ketorolac influences postoperative pain or time to discharge following hip arthroscopy. In total, 409 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic femoroplasty and/or acetabuloplasty with a single surgeon for femoroacetabular impingement were retrospectively reviewed (September 2017 to February 2021). The effect of preoperative gabapentin or intraoperative ketorolac on postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, perioperative opioids in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), time in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), second-stage recovery and time to discharge was assessed using unadjusted and adjusted t-tests, and generalized linear models controlling for operative time, traction time, preoperative MME, intraoperative MME and postoperative MME were compared between the groups of gabapentin to no gabapentin and ketorolac to no ketorolac. There was no difference in first PACU VAS pain score, final PACU VAS score, VAS pain score prior to discharge, average VAS pain score or pain level on follow-up call in the unadjusted or adjusted analysis for the preoperative gabapentin or intraoperative ketorolac groups. Females had higher first PACU VAS pain score (6.05 versus 5.15 P = 0.0026), final PACU VAS pain score (4.43 versus 3.90, P = 0.0045), final VAS pain score prior to discharge (3.87 versus 3.03, P < 0.001) and average postoperative pain score (4.60 versus 4.03, P < 0.001), but no difference in VAS pain score on follow-up call following surgery. Gabapentin or ketorolac was not associated with decreased VAS pain scores or time to discharge after hip arthroscopy.

Alignment strategy for different types of varus knee with generic instruments: Mechanical alignment or kinematic alignment?

ObjectiveA thorough examination of the available approaches is crucial to comprehensively understand the variance among the alignment strategies employed in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we assessed the functional outcomes during the perioperative and postoperative periods of TKA in patients using generic instruments with varus knee to compare the mechanical alignment (MA) and kinematic alignment (KA) procedures.MethodsA total of 127 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College who had undergone unilateral TKA between November 2019 and April 2021 were included. The patients with varus knee deformity were categorized into two groups [type I (n = 64) and type IV (n = 63)] based on the modified coronal plane alignment of the knee (mCPAK) classification. The type I and IV groups were further subdivided into MA (n = 30 and n = 32) and KA subgroups (n = 34 and n = 21), respectively. The clinical information collected included sex, surgical side, age, body mass index, and perioperative data [including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification]. All patients were monitored for 12 months post-surgery to evaluate the recovery of knee joint function. During this period, the Knee Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) and the active range of motion (AROM) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were compared at different time points, i.e., before the operation and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-operation. Additionally, the patients’ subjective experiences were assessed at 6 and 12 months post-surgery using Forgotten Joint Score Knee (FJS-12 Knee), while complications were recorded throughout the monitoring period.ResultsNo significant variances were observed in ASA classification, operation duration, blood loss volume during surgery, and hospital stay length between the patients who underwent KA TKA and those who received MA TKA (P > 0.05). During the initial 6 weeks post-operation, the KA group exhibited a significantly reduced average VAS pain score (P < 0.05), with no such differences at 6 months and 1 year after the surgery (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the KA group had significantly higher scores on the KOOS JR at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year following the surgery (P < 0.05). Moreover, the AROM score of the KA group significantly improved only at 6 weeks after the surgery (P < 0.05); however, no prominent differences were found at 6 months and 1 year after the operation (P > 0.05). The KA cohort also exhibited a significant increase in FJS-12 Knee at 1 year following the operation (P < 0.05), whereas no such difference was detected at 6 months following the surgery (P > 0.05). Thus, compared to the MA method, the KA procedure provided pain relief and improved active motion range within 6 weeks after the surgery in patients undergoing TKA. Further, the KOOS JR exhibited significant increases at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year while the FJS-12 Knee demonstrated a significant increase at 1 year after the KA TKA procedure.ConclusionTherefore, our study results suggest that the KA approach can be considered in patients using generic instruments with varus alignment of the knee, particularly those with mCPAK type I and IV varus knees, to help improve patient satisfaction.

Safe and Effective Is Not Always Acceptable: The Case for PASS Scores in Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgery

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Determining the success of a clinical intervention can be challenging even with modern patient-reported outcomes. Traditionally studies have used the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID), the smallest difference in an outcome that is felt to have clinical significance. More recently some authors have emphasized the alternative model of the Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS), the threshold of a PRO defining where patients consider their overall status to be acceptable. PASS scores have not yet seen wide use in the foot and ankle literature, but may add insight to surgical outcomes beyond simply measuring the minimal changes implied by the MCID. Methods: The most universal patient-reported outcome in the foot and ankle literature is the simple Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), in which a patient rates their pain along an analog scale between 0 to 10 cm. Articles in Foot and Ankle International from December 2020 to August 2022 that reported VAS pain scores and variance following an intervention were included. Although specific PASS thresholds for VAS scores in many conditions in the foot and ankle have not been determined analytically, values ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 are typical for orthopaedic conditions, corresponding to the intuitive statement “I would like my pain to be less than 2 or 3 out of 10.” A PASS threshold of 2.0 has been used previously in the foot and ankle literature. The studies were therefore analyzed against PASS thresholds for the VAS of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0. Results: Twenty-one studies were included. Five had multiple internal groups, yielding a total of 27 total sets of VAS scores.All 27 (100%) showed improvements well beyond the MCID and were considered successful. 17 (81%) of the 21 studies subjectively described their intervention as “reliable”, “good”, “effective” or “satisfactory”. Despite this, 8 (38%) of the 21 studies reported final mean VAS scores for all internal groups above a PASS threshold of 2.0. An analytically calculated weighted average final VAS pain score for all studies was 1.78 +/-1.89. Based upon this, the expected percentages of patients included in FAI studies whose results failed to meet VAS PASS thresholds were 45% for a threshold of 2.0, 35% for a threshold of 2.5, and 26% for a threshold of 3.0. Conclusion: Studies in the foot and ankle literature almost universally report positive results, both subjectively in their discussions and by statistically demonstrating improvement of patient-reported outcomes beyond the MCID. PASS threshold analysis yields a much less positive interpretation and emphasizes the number of negative outliers in the population who do not find their outcome acceptable. A fuller picture of the outcome of foot and ankle procedures and overall patient satisfaction can be gained from reporting both changes in the mean and comparing final outcomes to PASS thresholds.

Simplified and modified Limberg flap plus vacuum-assisted closure for treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease.

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD), a chronic inflammatory disease, affects the sacrococcygeal soft tissue, especially in young adults. The ideal treatment for PSD remains divergence. This study evaluated the application of a simplified modified Limberg flap combined with vacuum-assisted closure for treating PSD. This prospective study was conducted from 1 June 2017 to 31 March 2022 in Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. The study included 88 male patients (91.7%) and 8 female patients (8.3%). The 96 patients ranged in age from 15 to 34 years (mean ± SD, 23 ± 4.4). Under general anaesthesia, all patients underwent simplified modified Limberg flap reconstruction with vacuum-assisted closure. The patient's weight, surgical time, extubation time, hospital stay, time to return to normal life or work, wound infection, wound dehiscence and recurrence rate were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Vancouver scar score were used to score patients' pain and scars in the surgical area. The volume of resected diseased tissue was 13.5-120 (mean ± SD, 34.993 ± 24.406) cm2 . The average surgical time during the treatment period was 97.68 ± 18.72 min, and the average extubation time was (6.36 ± 1.55) days, the mean hospital stay was 19.4 days; no patients were lost to follow-up. None of the patients experienced post-operative recurrence, wound infection, seroma or hematoma. Six patients (6.3%) experienced wound dehiscence at the flap tip around the natal cleft. The mean time to the resumption of daily activities was 26.3 days. The average VAS pain score was (6.00 ± 1.53) points, and the average Vancouver scar score was (5.96 ± 1.51) points, 12 patients (12.5%) were dissatisfied with their aesthetic results, and the average beauty satisfaction score is (6.64 ± 1.28) points. Simplified modified Limberg flap reconstruction with vacuum-assisted closure surgery is an effective and innovative method for the treatment of PSD, with a low recurrence rate and rapid recovery.

Case Series: Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia Without Tourniquet (WALANT) for Camitz Transfer.

Background: Wide-Awake Local Anaesthesia Without Tourniquet (WALANT), with the benefit of simplicity and a low complication rate, is a well-recognised procedure in orthopaedic surgery. To date, there is no report using WALANT technique with the Camitz transfer procedure. The aim of this study is to determine the early outcomes of using WALANT for Camitz transfer and compare these with outcomes of similar procedures in literature. Methods: Between January 2012 and January 2018, all patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with thenar muscle atrophy who underwent the Camitz transfer procedure as day surgery under the WALANT technique at the Thammasat University Hospital were included. With the WALANT technique, the 10 mL of prepared anaesthesia was injected into the area around the palmaris longus tendon from 5-cm proximal to the distal wrist crease to the distal palmar crease, while an additional 10 mL was injected from the radial side of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb to the distal wrist crease before the operation. Upon completion of the operation, the patients' hand was placed in a thumb spica splint. Patient demographic data, visual analogue scale (VAS) during injection and during procedure, operative time, blood lost and complications were recorded. Results: Thirty-six patients (8 males and 28 females) were included. The average age of the patients was 65.9 (37-87) years old. The average VAS score during the anaesthetic injection was 6.22 (5-8). The average VAS pain score during the operation was 0.52 (0-3). The average operative time was 27.06 (17-47) minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 3 (2.4-6.8) mL. All patients underwent the procedure without any complications. Conclusions: The WALANT technique is safe and can be used as alternative anaesthesia for the Camitz transfer. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).

Partial Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Treatment Options

Abstract Purpose This systematic review summarizes the existing evidence on treatment options and outcomes for partial scapholunate interosseous ligament (pSLIL) injuries. Methods A systematic electronic search of Medline, Embase, and CINAHL was performed from inception through to February 13, 2022. All primary research articles addressing the treatment of pSLIL tears were eligible for inclusion regardless of timing of surgery, surgical technique, or rehabilitation. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Descriptive statistics and forest plots are presented. Results A total of 14 studies with 342 patients were included for analysis. Treatments were categorized into four groups: electrothermal shrinkage (ES), arthroscopic capsuloplasty (AC), open capsulodesis (OC), and no treatment (NT). There were five studies in the ES group (N = 69, mean age = 34.3 ± 3.3 years), three studies in the AC group (N = 138, mean age = 32.2 ± 3.8 years), five studies in the OC group (N = 123, mean age of 30.7 ± 7.8 years), and one study in the NT group (N = 12, mean age = 43 years, range = 28–67 years). The average postintervention visual analog scale pain score for the ES group was 1.4 ± 0.5 (from 5.7 ± 1.8), for the AC group was 3.2 ± 1.3 (from 6.6 ± 0), for the OC group was 2.3 ± 2.1 (from 5.6 ± 1.6), and for the NT group was 3.2 (from 7.6). The wrist extension range of motion improved postoperatively for all intervention groups (ES = 66.3°–70.7°; AC = 67°–74.5°; and OC = 48.9°–63.5°), whereas it remained unchanged for the NT group (46°–45°). Grip strength also improved in all intervention groups (ES = 17.9–29.9 kg; AC = 24.0–32.2 kg; and OC = 15.8–26.6 kg), while the NT group remained unchanged (25–24 kg). The radiographic scapholunate gap improved postoperatively in all groups that reported pre- and postintervention (ES = 2.2–1.9 mm; OC = 2.5–1.8 mm) and slightly worsened in the NT group (2.5–2.7 mm). In the ES group, there were three complications (11.5%, no major complications), in the AC group there was one major complication (0.9%, complex regional pain syndrome [CRPS]), and in the OC group there were six complications (15.4%, four major complications—CRPS). Conclusion All interventional treatment options (ES, AC, and OC) provided significant improvements in patient-reported pain, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic parameters, with low complication rates. In comparison, no improvement in range of motion or grip strength was noted in the NT group. Therefore, surgical management of pSLIL injuries is an effective and relatively safe treatment option. Further studies comparing the outcomes of specific surgical treatments are warranted to further elucidate the optimal management option for pSLIL tears. Level of Evidence Level III, systematic review of Level III–IV studies.

Swelling, Stiffness, and Dysfunction Following Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Sprains

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint sprains are common injuries that often result in prolonged swelling, stiffness, and dysfunction; however, the duration of these sequelae is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of time that patients experience finger swelling, stiffness, and dysfunction following a PIP joint sprain. This was a prospective, longitudinal, survey-based study. To identify patients with PIP joint sprains, the electronic medical record was queried monthly using International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, codes for PIP joint sprain. A five-question survey was emailed monthly for 1 year or until their response indicated resolution of swelling, whichever occurred sooner. Two cohorts were established: patients with (resolution cohort) and patients without (no-resolution cohort) self-reported resolution of swelling of the involved finger within 1 year of a PIP joint sprain injury. The measured outcomes included self-reported resolution of swelling, self-reported limitations to range of motion, limitations to activities of daily living, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, and return to normalcy. Of 93 patients, 59 (63%) had complete resolution of swelling within 1 year of a PIP joint sprain. Of the patients in the resolution cohort, 42% reported return to subjective normalcy, with 47% having self-reported limitations in range of motion and 41% having limitations in activities of daily living. At the time of resolution of swelling, the average VAS pain score was 0.8 out of 10. In contrast, only 15% of patients in the no-resolution cohort reported return to subjective normalcy, with 82% having self-reported limitations in range of motion and 65% having limitations in activities of daily living. For this cohort, the average VAS pain score at 1 year was 2.6 out of10. It is common for patients to experience a prolonged duration of swelling, stiffness, and dysfunction following PIP joint sprains. Prognostic IV.

Effect of Reflexology on Decreasing Postoperative Pain and Anxiety After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Surgical patients experience both postoperative pain and anxiety, as they try to cope with pain. Despite technological advances, pharmacological methods are inadequate for decreasing postoperative pain and anxiety. Reflexology has been implemented and considered effective in these areas in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reflexology on decreasing postoperative pain and anxiety after a hysterectomy. The study was an intervention randomized study. The population of the investigation is all patients who had a hysterectomy between February 2012 and December 2014 in the Istanbul University Obstetrics and Gynecology service. The sample was 100 women chosen after a power analysis (minimum: 74) (experimental: 54, control: 46) within the population of the investigation who agreed to participate in the study. Using a table of random numbers, patients in the sample were divided into groups. Data was collected using the patient information and vital signs form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain and Anxiety Scales, and BRIEF pain inventory. All women in the groups had similar sociodemographic, obstetric, and pain characteristics, past experience of illness, and characteristics related to their hysterectomy. All of the patients in the reflexology group stated that reflexology helped them feel better. The reflexology group compared with the control group had lower than the average VAS pain and VAS and STAI anxiety at all assessment times. Reflexology is effective in reducing anxiety and pain.

Yoga dalam Mengurangi Low Back Pain pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Pregnancy is something that women experience in all forms that can be experienced during pregnancy. Back and waist pain is an inconvenience that is often encountered during the third trimester of pregnancy. Today, Prenatal yoga is known to help reduce the complaints experienced by mothers. This study aims to identify prenatal yoga against low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Data were obtained by giving 4 weeks of prenatal yoga practice and assessing the response of Visual analog scale-pain (VAS-P) and satisfaction before and after exercise. The data collection design used a qualitative descriptive study of 12 pregnant women. Data processing used paired t-test. The results showed that the average VAS-P before 5.58 and before treatment was 3.42, the difference in the VAS-P value before and after treathment was 2.17, based on the satisfaction of pregnant women the decrease in low back pain after prenatal yoga practice was 100% very satisfied, there was differences in the level of low back pain before and after prenatal yoga practice in pregnant women (p-value .000). It is hoped that pregnant women can carry out prenatal yoga exercises with midwife assistance and routine exercises at home during this pregnancy.

Results of primary radial corrective osteotomy in Madelung's deformity.

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of surgical outcomes in a series of wrists with Madelung's deformity treated with radial corrective osteotomy. We hypothesize that this surgical technique is a suitable and safe way of treatment. A retrospective review of patients with Madelung's deformity treated with radial corrective osteotomy between January 2001 and June 2017 at a single large department of hand surgery in Germany was performed. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were invited for follow-up and outcome variables including pain, range of motion, patient-rated outcome measures, and radiographic measurements were obtained for comparison with preoperative data collected from the patients' medical records. 14 wrists were included. The average age at the time of surgery was 21.9years, and the average follow-up was 7.2years. The average visual analog pain scale at rest decreased from preoperative 2.6 points to postoperative 0.7 points. Under strain, the average VAS declined from 7.4 to 4.9 points. The mean DASH Score decreased from 42.9 before surgery to 22.0 points after surgery. Range of motion improved slightly in five out of six directions of motion, with the greatest increase seen in average supination from preoperative 68.5° to postoperative 82.0°. Averages of all five measured McCarroll's parameters and ulnar variance decreased, as expected from corrective surgery. Four wrists (26.8%) needed subsequent procedures. Radial corrective osteotomy was a suitable treatment of Madelung's deformity in our collective, although surgical outcomes are not yet fully satisfying.

Clinical Outcomes of Fusion in Type II Accessory Naviculars With or Without Asymptomatic Flatfeet.

Few studies have reported the clinical outcomes of fusion surgeries for type II accessory naviculars. Whether the combination of accessory naviculars and asymptomatic flatfoot will result in worse outcomes in accessory navicular surgeries remains to be elucidated. Our study aims to report the clinical outcomes of fusion for type II accessory naviculars and make a subgroup comparison among accessory navicular patients with or without asymptomatic flatfeet. From May 2017 to June 2021, all painful type II accessory naviculars with or without asymptomatic flatfeet in our inpatient center were reviewed, and those who only underwent fusion surgeries were included in the retrospective study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scores, Tegner activity level scores, complications, patient-reported satisfaction, and imaging results (Meary angle in the weightbearing lateral view, talo-first metatarsal angle and talonavicular coverage angle in the weightbearing anteroposterior view) were used to describe outcomes. Thirty-two eligible patients responded to the latest follow-up request and were included in this study. The mean follow-up duration was 37.1 ± 16.0 months. The average VAS pain score improved from 4.7 ± 1.8 preoperatively to 0.9 ± 1.2 at the latest follow-up (P<.001). The average AOFAS midfoot score improved from 67.1 ± 8.5 preoperatively to 90.2 ± 10.7 at the latest follow-up (P<.001). The preoperative and postoperative Tegner activity level scores were similar (3.3 ± 1.5 vs 3.5 ± 1.6, P=.136). The overall complication rate was 37.5%. The most common complication was nonunion (31.3%). The overall satisfaction rate was 90.6%. Similar outcomes were observed between the flatfoot and the nonflatfoot subgroups. Fusion for painful type II accessory naviculars resulted in good symptom relief, function improvement, and patient satisfaction at midterm follow-up, but the nonunion rate was relatively high. Fusion for painful type II accessory naviculars with or without asymptomatic mild to moderate flatfoot brought about similar clinical outcomes. Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Impact of BMI on Outcomes after First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis is a commonly performed procedure for patients with various disorders of the first ray including hallux rigidus, severe hallux valgus, failed 1st MTPJ replacement, and failed hallux valgus correction. Outcomes are generally favorable and similar outcomes have been shown in the young and elderly. It is well documented that medical comorbidities have deleterious effects on outcomes in foot and ankle surgery. Obesity - in particular - has been broadly studied among the foot and ankle literature and has been associated with increased complications. Presently, there is a paucity of studies examining obesity's effect on outcomes of 1st MTPJ arthrodesis. This study's purpose was to evaluate outcomes following 1st MTPJ arthrodesis in obese vs non-obese patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 94 patients undergoing first MTPJ fusion over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of hallux valgus or hallux rigidus was performed. Surgical and postoperative outcomes, Visual Analog Pain scale (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) surveys were examined and stratified into 2 patient groups: BMI &lt; 30 and 3 30, with sub-analyses conducted between Obesity class I (30-34.9) and Obesity class II (35-39.9) patients. Continueous, normally distributed data were compared with independent sample t-tests, while comparisons of categorical data were made using chi-squared tests. Alpha and beta were assumed to be 0.05 and 0.8, respectively. Results: Average overall VAS and SF-36 physical component scores improved significantly at 6 months (P&lt; 0.0001, 0.006) and 1- year postoperative visits (P &lt;0.0001, 0.007) following 1st MTP fusion in the cohort as a whole. No differences in VAS or SF-36 scores were found between the obese (BMI &gt; 30) or non-obese cohorts. Amongst BMI classified subgroups, significantly greater changes in preoperative to 6-month and 1-year postoperative VAS pain were observed in the Obesity class I patients vs. Obsesity class II or greater (P=0.043, 0.022). Conclusion: Our study showed first MTPJ fusion reliably improves pain and physical quality-of-life in arthritic obese and non- obese patients without differences in nonunion, complications, or patient-reported measures. Additionally, we observed that obese patients experienced comparable improvements in VAS pain and SF-36 physical function scores as their non-obese peers. Our findings asset that first MTPJ fusion is an effective procedure for correction of MPTJ pathology in the obese.

Treatment of Hallux Rigidus: Comparison of Hemiarthroplasty with Cartiva Implant, Allograft Interpositional Arthroplasty, and Arthrodesis

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Hallux Rigidus (HR) can cause pain with motion, enlarged joint, decreased joint space, subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation and restricted joint mobility, limiting patient physical activity. A modern technique for the treatment of HR is 1st MTP hemiarthroplasty with the use of a Cartiva synthetic cartilage implant. The Cartiva implant is designed to imitate natural cartilage; this allows patients to maintain motion in the 1st MTP joint. Current scientific literature reporting early outcomes of the procedure is sparse and mixed. This discrepancy and the overall scarcity of data indicates the need for further analysis. The purpose of this study is to compare improvement in VAS with 1st MTP hemiarthroplasty with the Cartiva implant, allograft interposition arthroplasty and fusion in patients who failed conservative management or cheilectomy. Methods: This study evaluated subjects who underwent interpositional arthroplasty, arthrodesis, or hemiarthroplasty with the Cartiva implant from January 2008 to April 2020, with a minimum of one year documented follow-up. All subjects were 18 years of age and older, diagnosed Hallux rigidus with pain, had a decrease in 1st MTP motion, and had X-ray findings consistent with decreased joint space. Patient data collected includes age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, height, weight, BMI, diabetes status, rheumatoid arthritis status, smoking, co-morbid conditions, medication, activity of choice, duration of symptoms, and operative data. Pre-operative and post- operative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were compared between groups. Pain, function, and alignment between groups were also evaluated, pre-operatively and post- operatively, using the AOFAS Midfoot Scale. Secondary objectives evaluated include surgical complications, surgical revision, and X-rays. Results: One hundred patients with 12 months of post-operative follow-up were included in this study: 52 hemiarthroplasty with Cartiva implant patients (Group A), 24 arthrodesis patients (Group B), and 24 interpositional arthroplasty patients (Group C). The mean age of patients was 57.12 years (range 35-95). Average VAS pain scores for Group A was 3.78 (0-9), for Group B was 2.71 (0-10), and Group C was 3.67 (0-8). The average AOFAS score for Group A was 63.36 (30-95), for Group B was 60.98 (32- 83), and Group C was 60.13 (31-83). Pre-operative average VAS pain scores were 4.86 (Group A), 2.32 (Group B), and 5.58 (Group C). Post-operative average VAS pain scores were 2.69 (Group A), 0.91 (Group B), and 1.75 (Group C). Pre-operative average AOFAS scores were 59.52 (Group A), 48 (Group B), and 47.25 (Group C). Post-operative average AOFAS scores were 67.20 (Group A), 73.96 (Group B), and 73 (Group C). Conclusion: Preliminary data shows the greatest reduction in VAS pain scores in the interpositional arthroplasty group. The greatest improvement in derived AOFAS score was seen in the arthrodesis and interpositional arthroplasty groups, indicating a better overall combination of post-operative pain, function, and alignment when compared to patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty with Cartiva implant. While this study is not yet complete, it appears that hemiarthroplasty with Cartiva implant may allow patients to maintain motion in the 1st MTP joint, but at the cost of increased post-operative pain.

Management of talar lesions with cement augmentation and autologous bone graft.

Treatment of bone lesions involved with the articular cartilage at the talus is challenging. We report the management of talus lesions, particularly tumors and avascular necrosis (AVN), at the articular surface through treatment with cement augmentation and autologous bone graft. Eight benign bone tumors and three cases of AVN were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 56 months (range, 12-162). The mean age of all patients was 36.1years old (range, 15-73) when assessed between February 2005 and November 2021. Curettage of tumorous and necrotic lesions resulted in significant bone defects filled with bone cement augmentation. Cartilage defects of the talar dome were supported with autologous cancellous bone graft. Tolerable weight-bearing ambulation was permitted immediately after surgery. Radiological and functional evaluations were recorded. We observed an increase in the average The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) (p = .003) and a decrease in the average Visual Analogue Scale pain score (p = .003). There was no statistically significant decrease in ROM before or after surgery (p = .114). Additionally, no talus collapse of the ankle joint occurred. Talar dome status did not aggravate before or after surgery, except for one patient. Despite no radiographic osteoarthritis exacerbation before or after surgery in six patients, five patients had osteoarthritic change. Cement implantation and autologous bone graft performed simultaneously for benign bone tumors with joint cartilage damage and AVN are technically simple, have good outcomes, and may be a suitable alternative to standard treatments.

Feasibility of quantitative sensory testing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

ObjectiveJuvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a childhood-rheumatic disease with pain as a major early complaint, and in 10–17% pain remains a major symptom. Very few data exist on sensory threshold changes at the knee in JIA, a location in which inflammation often manifests. We determined whether JIA is associated with sensory threshold changes at the knee by using Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) and established reference values at the knee of children.MethodsSixteen patients with JIA aged 9–18 years with one affected knee and a patient-reported pain by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) > 10 on a 0–100 scale, and 16 healthy controls completed the study and were included for the analysis. QST was assessed in compliance with the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) standard. Disease severity was determined using Juvenile Disease Activity Score (JADAS. Perceived pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale(0–100). Feasibility of QST was tested in patients aged 6–9.ResultsUnder the age of 9, QST testing showed not to be feasible in 3 out of 5 JIA patients. Patients with JIA aged 9 and older reported an average VAS pain score of 54.3. QST identified a significant reduction in pressure pain threshold (PPT) and increase in cold detection threshold (CDT) compared to healthy controls. PPT is reduced in both the affected and the unaffected knee, CDT is reduced in the unaffected knee, not the affected knee.ConclusionIn a Dutch cohort of Patients with JIA, QST is only feasible from 9 years and up. Also, sensory threshold changes at the knee are restricted to pressure pain and cold detection thresholds in Patients with JIA.PerspectiveThis article shows that in a Dutch population, the extensive QST protocol is only feasible in the age group from 9 years and older, and a reduced set of QST tests containing at least pressure pain thresholds and cold detection thresholds could prove to be better suited to the pediatric setting with arthritis.

Suspensionplasty for Revision Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Surgery: Comparing Suture Button Suspensionplasty to Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition.

Several surgical procedures have been described to treat thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, including suture button suspensionplasty and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition. To date, no single procedure has demonstrated clinical superiority. Suture button suspensionplasty has achieved favorable outcomes at 5 years in primary cases, but has not been validated in revision surgery. In this study, it was evaluated for revision of failed thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis surgery, and outcomes were compared to ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition outcomes. A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent suture button suspensionplasty or ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition after failure of previous thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis surgery since 2010. Eighteen patients were included, with nine patients in each group. Eighteen patients had mean final follow-up of 35 months. There were two complications in the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition group and none in the suture button suspensionplasty group. No patients required additional surgery. The suture button suspensionplasty group had an average visual analogue scale pain score improvement of 2.9, compared to 2.4 in the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition group. Average final Quick Disabilities of the Arms, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score was 15.1 in the suture button suspensionplasty group, compared to 22.6 in the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition group. Mean operative time of 86.3 minutes in the suture button suspensionplasty group was significantly shorter than the 121-minute mean in the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition group. Suture button suspensionplasty is an effective treatment option for revision of previous thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis surgery, with outcomes comparable to revision using ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition, and the added benefit of shorter operative times and early mobilization. Therapeutic, III.