Average Production Yield Research Articles

Pendampingan Proses Produksi Pembuatan Tempe Kedelai

Plompong Village is a village located in Sirampog District, Brebes Regency. The distance from Sultan Agung Islamic University to Plompong village is approximately 235 km. Most of the population in Plompong Village work in agriculture, so that agriculture is quite developed. Most of the crops grown on agricultural land are rice, corn and soybeans. There is 1 group that opened a tempe-making business even though the business is still a small business. The Mandiri Sejahtera Bersama Business Group is a group formed by residents of the Cirendu hamlet, Plompong village to try to produce soybean tempeh production. Tempe production also cannot be done every day due to unstable or uncertain availability of production equipment and results from soybean farming (raw materials). Production still uses manual methods to process soybean tempeh so that the resulting production cannot be done every day and the average production yield is 60 to 100 packs. Community service program in the form of mentoring the soybean tempeh production process in the Mandiri Sejahtera Bersama business group.

Clustering Productive Palm Land using the K- Means Clustering Algorithm

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate that has many oil palm plantations. CV. Alkema Deo is one of the companies that manage oil palm plantations in Sampit City, East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. CV. Alkema Deo was founded in 2016 and has two plantation locations located on Jl. General Sudirman Km. 18, East Kotawaringin and Seibabi Village, Telawang District, East Kotawaringin. In this study, a qualitative approach was applied using a descriptive research pattern. In qualitative research, data is obtained from sources using various data collection techniques. Research using qualitative methods emphasizes the analysis of thought processes related to the dynamics of the relationship between observed phenomena, and always uses scientific logic. Based on the results of research for authors on a CV. Alkema Deo, the use of Excel in companies is quite good at processing data, but on a CV. Alkema Deo does not yet have land groupings based on productivity levels, so it is difficult to see the level achieved in 6 months based on the set target, and daily production control in terms of area and block area. Data obtained from CV. Alkema Deo is grouped based on area, block, and productivity. Application of data mining for grouping productive oil palm land on a CV. Alkema Deo with 4 variables, namely: land area, length, average production yield, percentage of achievement using the K-Means Algorithm to produce three clusters, namely 8 blocks or 50% including the high productive group (C2), 1 block or 6% blocks including the medium productive plantation group (C1), and 7 blocks or 44% including the small productive plantation group (C0).

Soybean Development Strategy in Kasimpa Jaya Village South Tiworo District West Muna Regency

This study aims to determine soybean production and productivity in Kasimpa Jaya Village, South Tiworo District, West Muna Regency, and to find out the strategies prioritized in the development of soybean crops in Kasimpa Jaya Village, South Tiworo District, West Muna Regency. Data analysis used to determine the amount of soybean production and productivity is by quantitative descriptive analysis. The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method determines soybean crop development strategies recommendations. Eight respondents from this study were purposely determined. The results showed that soybean production produced by soybean farmers in Kasimpa Jaya Village, South Tiworo District, was 14,900 kg with an average production yield of 1,862.5 kg and productivity of 7,426.66 Kg / Ha with an average value of 928.33 Kg/ha of soybeans. The results of the analysis of the soybean crop development strategy in Kasimpa Jaya Village, South Tiworo District, West Muna Regency, based on the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), can be carried out using three main priority choices based on the results of the AHP, namely the procurement of facilities to soybean farmers, assistance (extension) to soybean farmers and increasing human resources in soybean farming activities.

Encapsulation of recombinant Escherichia coli cells harboring nitrilase in surface-crosslinked hydrogel particles: A robust and durable biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of nitrile

Surface-crosslinked hydrogel particles encapsulating E. coli cells harboring nitrilase were constructed and used as a durable biocatalyst in the synthesis of gabapentin intermediate. E. coli cells (50 g/L) expressing nitrilase were encapsulated in 2% (w/v) alginate hydrogel, 0.5%(w/v) glutaraldehyde and 1%(w/v) polyethyleneimine were sequentially used as crosslinker. The constructed alginate particles with GA&PEI composite crosslinking had a similar catalytic capacity compared to equivalent free cells, which could completely hydrolyze 1.0 M substrate 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetonitrile within 4 h at pH 7.5 and 35 °C, and have a specific activity of 134.6 U/g, an optimum temperature at 55 °C and a corresponding half-life up to 19.1 ± 1.9 h. The particles showed excellent storage stability, reusability and mechanical strength, which retained 90.3% activity after 2-month storage at 4 °C, and 83.2% activity after 14-day storage at 35 °C. In batch reactions, 50 g/L particles could be reused for maximum 32 cycles, maintained 63.5% residual activity and 50.7% particle integrity, providing an average product yield of 94.6% in the first 30 batches and a productivity of 1467.03 g/L/day. Besides, the stability and catalytic activity of the particles were almost unaffected in several organic co-solvents and in purified water, showing their good industrial potential.

Design of Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Waste in Aerophile Line Production Processes in The Chemical Industry Using DMAIC And VSM Approach

This research was conducted on companies engaged in the chemical industry which are manufacturers of household products such as: air freshener, baby care products, food plastic wrappers, metal polishers, mouse glue, insecticides, lpg cans, car care products, insect repellent, and many more. many other products. The product chosen to be used as research material this time is an aerosol insect repellent product. This research was carried out in the production department of an aerophile line that produces aerosol insect repellents. This study aims to determine the defects and waste that occur in the aerophyll line so that it can improve quality and increase the amount of production in order to meet customer desires. The method used in this research is descriptive which is done by analyzing the production process of one type of product on the aerophile line by observing for 3 months. The results of this study were carried out using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and VSM (Value Stream Mapping) methods identified 5 types of defects, namely dented cans, missing batch numbers, reject caps, leaks, and low weight. From the calculation results, the average DPU is 0.05, the average DPO is 0.01, the average DPMO is 10278.14, the average production yield is only 68.59% and the level of sigma value is at level 2. Improvements made with Lean Sigma by expanding the capacity of the waterbath and accelerating the process of immersion and raising the temperature in the waterbath, scheduling machine inspections, making checksheets, and work instructions and SOPs. So that we get a decrease in production cycle time from 88 minutes to 83 minutes which has an impact on increasing the production target from 72 pallets/day to 78 pallets/day, and has an impact on the actual number of production from 1,875 pallets/month to 2,028 pallets/month.

Immobilization of Escherichia coli cells harboring a nitrilase with improved catalytic properties though polyethylenemine-induced silicification on zeolite

In the chemical-biological synthesis route of gabapentin, immobilized Escherichia coli cells harboring nitrilase are used to catalyze the biotransformation of intermediate 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetonitile to 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid. Herein, we present a novel cell immobilization method, which is based on cell adsorption using 75 g/L Escherichia coli cells and 6 g/L zeolite, cell crosslinking using 3 g/L polyethylenemine and biomimetic silicification using 18 g/L hydrolyzed tetramethylorthosilicate. The constructed “hybrid biomimetic silica particles (HBSPs)” with core-shell structure showed a specific activity of 147.2 ± 2.3 U/g, 82.6 ± 2.8% recovery of nitrilase activity and a half-life of 19.1 ± 1.9 h at 55 °C. 1-Cyanocyclohexaneacetonitrile (1.0 M) could be completely hydrolyzed by 50 g/L of HBSPs at pH 7.5, 35 °C in 4 h, providing 92.1 ± 3.2% yield of 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid. In batch reactions, the HBSPs could be reused for 13 cycles and maintained 79.9 ± 4.1% residual activity after the 10th batch, providing an average product yield of 92.6% in the first 10 batches with a productivity of 619.3 g/L/day. In addition, multi-layer structures consisting of silica coating and polyethylenemine/glutaraldehyde crosslinking were constructed to enhance the mechanical strength of immobilized cells, and the effects of coating layers on the catalytic properties of immobilized cells was discussed.

Biomass Characteristics Optimization Design of Corn Cobs-Based Pellet Using Response Surface Methodology

The corn industry sector plays an important role in Indonesian economy due to its potential as an export and domestic commodity, increasing income and providing employment. The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) reports that the potential for corn farming in Madura Island in Indonesia reaches 300,000 hectares with an average production yield of 7 tons per hectare, so there will be 2,100,000 tons of corn per harvest. However, given the high potential for corn production, there is also a high chance of the waste being produced, especially corn cobs, which the majority of the population simply discards and burns. This study intends to use corn cobs into pellets as fuel. This type of biofuel was chosen because corn cobs as a solid material has a high density, easy in storage and handling. Furthermore, identifying and maximizing biofuel potentials for the development of renewable energy from organic materials would be very beneficial for Madurese people. This study is designed to measure the effect of corn cobs-adhesive ratios and pellet dimension on the calorific value of corn cobs based biopellet. The design of experiments will be used to measure the optimum composition of biomass pellet material which has maximum calorific value using Response Surface Methodology. The quality of the corn cobs-based biopellet will be analyzed and should comply with the standard calorific value of the Indonesian National Standard.

Sustainable rice straw conversion into activated carbon and nano-silica using carbonization-extraction process

Rice straw, one of the main agricultural wastes of the north of Iran, was utilized for parallel extraction of two valuable products for the first time: high surface area activated carbon (AC) and porous silica nano-particles. The positive effect of silica extraction from activated rice straw biochar on the porosity of resultant AC was determined. It was found that the performance of K2CO3 was better than KOH for producing highly porous AC (2356 m2/g) under less severe conditions (relatively low impregnation ratio = 1.5). The sensitivity analysis for several operating conditions was carried out, and the optimal conditions to reach the highest surface area, porous volume, and silica extraction yield were determined for each chemical agent using Taguchi analysis. Among the factors changed, the highest quota belongs to the impregnation ratio and activation temperature, and the other parameters were fixed at economic levels. The average production yield of activated carbon and silica from raw rice straw was calculated around 9% and 7%, respectively. The average particle size of silica powder was estimated by SEM (around 35 nm) and DLS tests (200–300 nm), and an acceptable BET surface area and pore volume of 250 m2/g and 1 cm3/g, respectively, were obtained for this product.

Sustainable Rice Straw Management Using Pyrolysis-Extraction Process Towards Value-Added Products

Rice straw, one of the main agricultural wastes of north of Iran, was utilized for extraction of two valuable products: high surface area activated carbon (AC) and nano-silica powder. The positive effect of silica extraction from activated rice straw ash on the porosity of resultant AC was determined. It was found that the performance of K 2 CO 3 was better than KOH for producing highly porous AC (2356 m 2 /g) under less severe conditions (relatively low impregnation ratio=1.5). The sensitivity analysis for several operating conditions was carried out, and the optimal conditions to reach the highest surface area, pore volume and silica extraction yield were determined for each chemical agent using Taguchi analysis. Among the factors changed, the highest contributions belonged to the impregnation ratio and activation temperature; therefore, other factors were selected based on economic considerations. The average production yield of activated carbon and silica from raw rice straw in this work was calculated around 9% and 7%, respectively. The average particle size of silica powder was estimated by SEM (around 35 nm) and DLS tests (200-300 nm), and an acceptable BET surface area and pore volume of 250 m 2 /g and 1 cm 3 /g, respectively, were obtained for this product.

Quantitative methods and study of the parth dependence effect of Douglass North from the cocoa production index (CPI) in Rondônia, Brazil

Objective: to analyze the path dependence effect of Douglass North from the construction of the cocoa production index (IPC) using quantitative methods, aiming to contribute to the discussions on the "conservation and development" trade-off in the Amazon. Methods: this is a hypothetical-deductive study. The CPI was calculated following the factorial analysis techniques presented by Hair et al [11], Santana [12,13) and Cavalcante [14] and the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used. Results: in Brazil the level of performance of cocoa production, when considering the number of cocoa producing municipalities and the indicators, area destined to harvest (hectares), quantity produced (ton), average production yield (kilograms per hectare) and value production (thousand reais) is very low, almost inefficient. Rondônia follows the logic found in Brazil. Conclusions: despite the importance of cocoa production, there are still no regional development centers for cocoa cultivation in Rondônia. All cocoa producing municipalities had low levels of PCI performance. The fact that CEPLAC develops its actions exclusively in the East Rondoniense portion of the State only reinforces the analysis in this direction, which helps to understand the path dependence character of the cocoa policy in Rondônia.

PENGARUH STATUS PENGUASAAN LAHAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

This study aimed to determine the effect of agricultural land tenure status on rainfed lowland rice production in Banyumas Regency. One of the most important factors of production affecting the production of rainfed lowland rice is the land used. This study used survey method by taking primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through a list of questions that have been prepared, while secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The sampling method is carried out by stratified random sampling. Each stratum of the sample is drawn with a total sample of 50 farmer respondents. Data were analyzed used one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA). The results of this study indicated that the amount of rainfed lowland rice production in Banyumas District showed significant difference between farmers who were not owners and farmers who own land. Non-owner farmers get an average production yield greater than those of farmers who own rainfed lowland rice in Banyumas Regency.

Biodiesel production from beef tallow using the barium oxide catalyst

In the current study, the production of a biodiesel fuel with the standard quality from beef tallow, using barium oxide catalyst was investigated. The results of the optimization of biodiesel production conditions such as the molar ratio of oil to methanol (1:8, 1:12, and 1:16), catalyst weight percentage (3, 3.5, and 4%), reaction temperature (50, 65, and 75 °C), and reaction time (4, 5, and 6 h) using the Taguchi statistical method indicated that the average production yield of 94.95% (for 3 times of repetitions) was achieved in the oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:16, catalyst weight fraction of 4%, reaction temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 5 h. The quality of the produced biodiesel sample showed that the flame point, viscosity, and cetane number of the biodiesel sample were in the allowed range. Additionally, the result of FTIR test on the barium oxide catalyst was studied and compared to the standard data. Reusability studies also showed that there was a gradual decline in the catalytic activity of the recovered catalyst after 5 cycles.

Production characteristics of intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in four Vietnam Provinces

Whiteleg (Litopenaeus vannamei) and black tiger (Penaeus monodon) shrimp are the most common farm-based shrimp species cultured in Vietnam, but there have been few studies of intensive whiteleg shrimp production. The objectives of this study were to describe production characteristics and to identify factors associated with yield in intensive shrimp production systems in Vietnam. This study included data from shrimp farms in four Vietnam provinces, collected from mid-2014 to early 2016. The data included key production characteristics, such as length of production cycle, number and quality of postlarvae (PL) stocked, feed intake, production yield (kg/m2), harvest size (shrimp/kg), average weight and water quality measurements for some of the crops. We report descriptive statistics for the production parameters and findings from two linear mixed models describing the associations of these parameters with two outcomes: production yield and average weight of shrimp. The average stocking density for the 846 crops included in the dataset was 109 PL/m2, average length of production cycle was 92 days, and average production yield was 1.15 kg/m2. The shrimp gained 0.2 g per day, on average, and consumed an average of 0.17 kg of feed, daily/1,000 PL stocked. The linear mixed models indicated that stocking density, stocking month and region were the main predictors for production yield, while water temperature 4 weeks prior and PL quality were the main predictors for the average weight of shrimp, after accounting for the length of production cycle. This study describes baseline production parameters for whiteleg shrimp production in Vietnam.

Industrial scale extraction and stripping devices for continuous recovery of gallic acid from Chinese nutgall processing wastewater

In this study, we report the industrial application of an efficient technology for the recovery of gallic acid from Chinese nutgall processing wastewater. The recovery of gallic acid by industrial scale extraction and stripping devices was performed, with tributyl phosphate as the extractant and kerosene as the diluent. The results showed that the theoretical extraction stage was four, while the theoretical stripping stage was two. A closed-cycle system was studied for the continuous countercurrent extraction and stripping, with a five-stage extraction device and a three-stage reflux stripping device. The results showed that the multistage extraction-stripping system could steadily run for a long period, the average gallic acid level in the raffinate was 0.85 g·L−1, and the gallic acid content recovered in the strip liquor was higher than 120 g·L−1. The average extraction yield of gallic acid was 94.14%. When the strip liquor was used as raw material for production, the average production yield increased by 8.64%. In addition, after extraction, the CODCr in the wastewater decreased by 38.19%, and the biodegradability of wastewater improved by 1.6 times. This study provided a new impetus for the sustainable development of the Chinese nutgall processing industry. Keywords: Extraction, Gallic acid, Recovery, Stripping, Wastewater

Assessment of the direct cyclotron production of 99mTc: An approach to crisis management of 99mTc shortage

Nowadays, the cyclotron production of technetium-99m (99mTc) has been increased, due to the worldwide 99mTc generator shortage. In the present work, an improved strategy for the production of 99mTc, using the proton irradiation of the enriched 100Mo was developed. The performance of this method in terms of the production yield, chemical purity, radiochemical purity, as well as radionuclide purity was evaluated. The average production yield was measured to be 356MBqμA−1h−1. A good agreement was found between the calculated production yield and the experimental one. The radiochemical separation and total recovery yields of 99mTc were 92% and 69%, respectively. The radiochemical and the radionuclide purities of the 99mTc were 99% and >99.99% at the end of purification, respectively. The results of quality control tests (QC) support the concept that cyclotron-produced 99mTc is suitable for preparation of USP-compliant.

Production of Hydrogen from Glucose as a Biomass Simulant: Integrated Biological and Thermochemical Approach

Hydrogen production from biomass was investigated using an integrated biological and thermochemical process. Glucose was used as a biomass surrogate and was first converted to ethanol in a fermentation process. The fermentation experiments were carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermentation broth was then used in aqueous phase reforming (APR) over a platinum-based catalyst. An economic analysis of the proposed process demonstrates the economic viability of producing hydrogen from biomass using fermentation combined with APR. The average production yield of hydrogen was ∼25%. The hydrogen obtained from APR of the fermentation broth was compared against the yield from a feed containing 5% ethanol in water. While the catalyst was stable for an extended time on stream during APR of ethanol, very rapid deactivation was observed during APR of fermentation broth. Different catalyst characterization techniques, including XRD, BET surface area, and ICP-AES, were employed to investigate the causes of catalyst deactivation. Although the analysis suggested similar catalyst changes in both cases, and the exact deactivation mechanism could not be concluded, these techniques helped to eliminate some mechanisms while suggesting other possible deactivation routes. Nanofiltration of the fermentation broth was shown to remove the impurities leading to deactivation.

The ATLAS SCT endcap: From module production to commissioning

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is aiming for new physics at TeV scale energy and will be operational in 2007. The Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) is a part of the ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) and consists of 4088 silicon detector modules displayed on four concentric barrels and two endcaps on each side. Almost 2400 endcap modules have been produced in seven assembly sites including a 20% contingency. All the qualified modules have been shipped to the two macro-assembly sites where the modules are now mounted to the discs. A major organizational effort around the components and the logistics has been made to ensure that the project is running with a high yield and within the schedule. Well defined and strict quality assurance rules allowed the endcap community to achieve an average production yield of 92.9%. In order to complete the two endcaps, a major effort is made for finalizing the assembly of modules and services onto the discs and carbon fiber cylinder, respectively. After describing the organization of the endcap module assembly and the production results, a description and status of the endcap macro-assembly and services will be reported.

Harvesting and concentration of human influenza A virus produced in serum‐free mammalian cell culture for the production of vaccines

A process scheme for the harvesting and concentration of cell culture-derived human influenza A virus is presented. The scheme comprises two static filtration steps, chemical inactivation by beta-propiolactone and cross-flow ultrafiltration. Human influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) was produced in roller bottles with serum-free medium using MDCK cells as a host. Cultivations resulted in specific hemagglutination (HA) activities of 393 HAU (100 microL)(-1) and turbidities of 0.479 OD measured as the extinction of light at 700 nm (mean values are presented). The concentrations of soluble protein and DNA in the harvests were 72 microg/mL and 5.73 microg/mL, respectively. An average product yield of 79% based on HA activity was achieved after clarification by depth (85%) and microfiltration (93%). The turbidities of cell culture supernatants were reduced to 2% of their initial value. Concentration with 750 kDa hollow-fiber modules by a factor of 20 resulted in 97% recovery of the product when operated at a constant flux of 28 L/(m(2) h) and a wall shear rate of 9,500 s(-1). The amount of protein and DNA could be reduced to 16% and 33% of their initial amount, respectively. An overall product yield of 77% was achieved. Clarified supernatants and concentrates were further analyzed by non-reducing SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis. Particle volume distributions of concentrates were obtained by dynamic light scattering analysis. From the results it can be concluded that the suggested process scheme is well suited for the harvesting and concentration of cell culture-derived influenza A virus.

Kelayakan Tekno-Ekonomi Sistem Irigasi Curah, Tetes dan Kendi pada Budidaya Tanaman Melon (Cucumis Melo, L.)

The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable irrigation system consisted of sprinkler, drip and picther for melon crof cultivation in dry land having the same soil type, as well as to evaluate its financial feasibility at business scale.the study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was planting of melon cropof Sky Rocket variety using each of the irrigation systems. The second stage was to carry out analysis on the technical and financial feasibilities. The technical feasibility consisted of water supply analysis, evapotranspiration analysis, efficiency of land that could be utilized, whereas the financial feasibility consisted of NPV, Net B/C, BEP and sensitivy analysis. The result showed that the three irrigation systemswere technically feasible to be applied for melon crop cultivation. This was shomn by normal weekly growth of melon crop and good average production yield of the melon crop. The three irrigation systems (sprinkler, drip and pitcher) were financially feasible as they had NPV and Net B/C values that were greater than the reference values. Results of sensitivity analysis to 10% of cost increase and 10% of selling price decrease showed that the three irrigation systems above were still feasible to be applied for melon crop cultivation as their NPV and B/C values were greater than the refrence values.. Keyword : melon, technical and financial feasibility, sensitivity analysis.

Production and molecular weight characteristics of alginate from free and immobilized-cell cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii

Viable Azotobacter vinelandii cells were immobilized in composite agar gel layer/microporous membrane structures and tested for alginate production from sucrose during batch incubation. Microporous membranes with varying pore sizes (0.22–3.0 μm) were used in the composite structures. Whatever the membrane pore size (MPS), the duration of the production period was short (ca. 100 h), most sucrose remaining unconsumed by immobilized organisms. The amount of alginate recovered (0.5–0.9 g dm −3) and volumetric productivity increased slightly with the MPS, but the average production yield was fairly stable with a mean value of 0.24 g alginate produced g −1 sucrose consumed, i.e. noticeably higher than that of free-cell counterparts (0.09 g g −1). Furthermore, immobilization was shown to favour the production of higher molecular weight (MW) polysaccharide macromolecules and to stabilize the MW distribution of alginate produced as compared to conventional free-cell cultures grown in shake flasks.