Average Power Research Articles

“No Gree for Anybody!”- “Without our compliance, their power means nothing”: unveiling the subtleness in Nigeria’s socio-political activism

ABSTRACT This study employs online archival and interview methods to understand how people on X (formerly Twitter) interpret and construct the ‘No Gree for Anybody’ tweets as a form of digital protest. ‘No Gree for Anybody,’ translating to ‘Do not compromise for anyone’ in Nigerian Pidgin English, became a sort of national anthem on social media, especially on Twitter, amid the socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria. The adoption of this slogan, despite concerns from the Nigerian Police, underscores its influential role as an alternative protest form advocating systemic reform and confronting entrenched power structures. The qualitative data analysis constructed four key themes: Language and Identity, Digital Protest/Mobilization and Collective Identity, Multiple Symbolism of Defiance, and Protests Continuum in Nigeria’s socio-political landscape. These themes provide a nuanced understanding of ‘No Gree for Anybody’ and how its subtleness and non-episodic features shape digital activism and socio-political discourse in Nigeria, highlighting its position in contemporary protest dynamics.

Polysemy in English and Kurdish Languages: Some Selected Words

This study explores the role of the internet and cyberspace, particularly through the use of emails, as a tool for feminist empowerment within Saudi Arabian society, as depicted in Rajaa Alsanea's novel Girls of Riyadh. The research aims to examine how female characters use virtual spaces to challenge and undermine patriarchal norms and expectations. By utilizing the internet's anonymity and connectivity, these women carve out a platform for self-expression, solidarity, and resistance against the oppressive structures of their society. The study finds that cyberfeminism offers a powerful means for women in conservative environments to voice their thoughts and advocate for change. Furthermore, the internet serves as a catalyst for new forms of feminist discourse and activism. The study concludes that cyberspace not only facilitates the creation of a collective feminist identity but also empowers women to redefine their roles and resist traditional societal constraints.

Synthesizing ordered polar patterns in nonpolar SrTiO3 nanofilms via wrinkle-induced flexoelectricity

Ordered polar structures in oxide nanofilms play a pivotal role in the development of nanoelectronic applications. Hitherto, ordered polar structures have been restricted to a limited number of ferroelectric materials, and there is no effective scheme to induce and manipulate ordered polar patterns in centrosymmetric nonpolar nanofilms due to the absence of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Here, we circumvent these limitations by utilizing the wrinkle-induced strain gradient modulation associated with flexoelectricity as a general means of inducing and manipulating ordered polar patterns in nonpolar nanofilms. Leveraging the surface instability caused by strain mismatch between oxide nanofilms and pre-strained compliant substrate, we successfully fabricate striped SrTiO3 wrinkles, where well-ordered strain gradients and corresponding periodic polar patterns are readily achieved. Through in-situ piezoresponse force microscopy experiments, we show that the generated polar patterns can be manipulated by varying strain boundaries. Furthermore, the atomistic resolution images and first-principles calculations reveal that such wrinkle-induced ordered polar patterns primarily emerge from the flexoelectric coupling between the local polarization and strain gradients. These findings provide implications for manipulating polar structures by strain gradient and flexoelectric engineering, which in turn enable the realization of nontrivial polar structures in a broader range of materials.

Evolution of the subtropical surface wind in the north-east Atlantic under climate change

The climate of western Europe and northwest Africa strongly depends on the Azores anticyclone strength, location, and shape and, locally, also on the characteristics of the Iberia and Sahara summer thermal lows. EC-EARTH3 global simulations are here used to assess the predicted behaviour of these two relevant surface pressure systems and associated surface wind, by the end of XXI century (2071–2100), considering two climate change scenarios. Additionally, a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation centred on Madeira Island is used to assess the influence of climate change on the surface wind at smaller scales, in a region well known for its perturbed flows. Results indicate a general mean wind speed decrease over a sector of the North-Atlantic, associated with a flatter Azores anticyclone. However, the predicted intensification of the Iberia and Sahara thermal lows imposes an increasing surface wind speed near west Iberia and northwest Africa, in summer. Southwest of Iberia, Madeira Island is also predicted to experience a summer intensification of its tip-jets. The projected changes in low-level wind speed and variability will impact on different sectors of activity, either directly as are the cases of aeronautical operation and offshore renewable energy, or indirectly through changes in the ocean circulation.

The influence of NGO‐corporate relationship on environmental disclosure: Evidence from the fashion industry

AbstractMost NGO‐corporate relationships have been founded on conflict. However, this pattern has started to change with the emergence of more collaborative (dialog‐based) approaches. Academic inquiry into how NGOs influence corporate policies related to sustainable development is a novel field of investigation. This article aims to identify the potential role of conflictual versus collaborative relationships between NGOs and companies in influencing the quality of the environmental disclosure (ED). We also investigate how NGOs may unintentionally lead companies to adopt greenwashing practices. In this article, we derive five propositions by studying the relationships between Greenpeace and 24 firms operating in the fashion industry through a qualitative longitudinal analysis. We gathered data through three semi‐structured interviews with the Greenpeace Global Corporate Leader of the Detox Campaign and content analysis of corporate communication documents. Our findings suggest that company behavior toward ED and the odds of greenwashing practices are affected by type of relationship established with NGOs. Specifically, if the NGO‐corporate relationship is conflictual, companies tend to achieve higher ED quality in the short and intermediate terms. Vice versa, more collaborative (dialog‐based) relationships result in initially low ED quality. However, in the long run, under both types of relationship the quality of ED settles at a medium level. Moreover, NGOs' communication, activism intensity, and pressure constitute powerful means of persuasion and contribute to increasing a campaign engagement rate. However, too much pressure may create a fertile ground for greenwashing, and so may an everlasting conflictual relationship between NGO and companies.

Recursive self-feedback improves spontaneous speech in chronic aphasia within real-world settings

ABSTRACT Background Spontaneous speech generation, often impaired in chronic nonfluent aphasia, is essential for natural communication. Treatments aiming to optimize spontaneous speech in real-world settings are critical for improving the quality of life for persons with nonfluent aphasia (PWNA). Traditional treatments frequently rely on models and feedback from external agents, which may not be sustainable in the long-term. Preliminary evidence suggests that PWNA can use self-feedback alone, through recursive self-feedback, to improve their production of scripted sentences. This study developed and examined the impact of spontaneous speech with recursive self-feedback on enabling PWNA to self-improve their spontaneous speech in real-world settings. Method Using a cross-over design, 3 participants received 2 treatments at their homes: spontaneous speech with recursive self-feedback and spontaneous speech with speech model. Recursive self-feedback treatment involved iterative self-monitoring and minimization/correction of errors during spontaneous speech response to narrative prompts. The speech model treatment provided corrective model responses to prompts from an external source which served as reference frames to help improve the participants’ responses. Participants utilized a mobile app to practice the treatments intensively at home for 2 hours each day over a period of 12 to 14 days, spanning 2 to 3 weeks. Direct and generalized treatment effects on microlinguistic measures of spontaneous speech were determined using general linear mixed effects model and standardized mean difference. Results Both treatments led to significant improvements in microlinguistic measures of spontaneous speech, with recursive self-feedback treatment showing broader post-treatment effects on treated prompts and generalization effects. to untreated prompts. Conclusion Recursive self-feedback is a promising procedure for enhancing spontaneous speech in PWNA, providing a simple and flexible self-directed treatment option. This procedure relies primarily on speech-auditory stimulations and self-feedback loops to improve spontaneous speech, suggesting its potential applicability across various spoken language cultures. To validate these findings and assess their broader relevance, further research is recommended.

Cardiovascular status in endogenous cortisol excess: the prospective CV-CORT-EX study.

Cushing´s syndrome (CS) results in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Subtype-specific differences and possible reversibility after biochemical cure are not well investigated. Prospective cohort study evaluating the cardiovascular status in different forms of endogenous cortisol excess. Patients with overt CS (n=40, 47±13 years, 75% women; 18 pituitary, 13 adrenal, 9 ectopic), biochemically cured CS (n=56, 53±12 years, 79% women; 30 pituitary, 21 adrenal, 5 ectopic), and adrenal incidentalomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) (n=18, 62±11 years, 56% women) underwent comprehensive biochemical, metabolic, and cardiovascular assessment. Results were compared with a representative sample of the general population of Würzburg (n=4965, 55±12 years, 52% women). Overt CS was associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling along with hypertrophy and impaired longitudinal systolic/diastolic function at echocardiography. In 20 CS patients followed for a median of 8 (quartiles: 6, 11) months after biochemical remission, hypertension and hyperglycemia were better controlled, while cardiac alterations only partially improved. Patients with previous CS (median time of biochemical remission: 95 (36, 201) months) had worse diastolic function than the general population (LV relaxation velocity e´ 0.08 (0.07, 0.10) ms-1 vs 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) ms-1, p<0.001). In MACS, cardiac remodeling was even more pronounced than in individuals with metabolic syndrome. In patients with overt CS, cured CS, and MACS, we found a sizable and significant deviation from the general population mean regarding cardiac structure and function. Even mild cortisol excess is associated with glucocorticoid-induced cardiac alterations which appear to persist despite long-term biochemical remission.

PEAKO and peakTree: tools for detecting and interpreting peaks in cloud radar Doppler spectra – capabilities and limitations

Abstract. Cloud radar Doppler spectra are of particular interest for investigating cloud microphysical processes, such as ice formation, riming and ice multiplication. When hydrometeor types within a cloud radar observation volume have different terminal fall velocities, they can produce individual Doppler spectrum peaks. The peaks of different particle types can overlap and be further broadened and blended by turbulence and other dynamical effects. If these (sub-)peaks can be separated, properties of the underlying hydrometeor populations can potentially be estimated, such as their fall velocity, number, size and to some extent their shape. However, this task is complex and dependent on the operation settings of the specific cloud radar, as well as atmospheric dynamics and hydrometeor characteristics. As a consequence, there is a need for adjustable tools that are able to detect peaks in cloud radar Doppler spectra to extract the valuable information contained in them. This paper presents the synergistic use of two algorithms used for analyzing the peaks in Doppler spectra: PEAKO and peakTree. PEAKO is a supervised machine learning tool that can be trained to obtain the optimal parameters for detecting peaks in Doppler spectra for specific cloud radar instrument settings. The learned parameters can then be applied by peakTree, which is used to detect, organize and interpret Doppler spectrum peaks. The application of the improved PEAKO–peakTree toolkit is demonstrated in two case studies. The interpretation is supported by forward-simulated cloud radar Doppler spectra by the Passive and Active Microwave TRAnsfer tool (PAMTRA), which are also used to explore the limitations of the algorithm toolkit posed by turbulence and the number of spectral averages chosen in the radar settings. From the PAMTRA simulations, we can conclude that a minimum number of n = 20–40 spectral averages is desirable for Doppler spectrum peak discrimination. Furthermore, small liquid peaks can only be reliably separated for eddy dissipation rate values up to approximately 0.0002 m2 s−3 in the simulation setup which we tested here. The first case study demonstrates that the methods work for different radar systems and settings by comparing the results for two cloud radar systems which were operated simultaneously at a site in Punta Arenas, Chile. Detected peaks which can be attributed to liquid droplets agree well between the two systems, as well as with an independent liquid-predicting neural network. The second case study compares PEAKO–peakTree-detected cloud radar Doppler spectrum peaks to in situ observations collected by a balloon-based holographic imager during a campaign in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. This case demonstrates the algorithm toolkit's ability to identify different hydrometeor types but also reveals its limitations posed by strong turbulence and a low n. Despite these challenges, the algorithm toolkit offers a powerful means of extracting comprehensive information from cloud radar observations. In the future, we envision PEAKO–peakTree applications on the one hand for interpreting cloud microphysics in case studies. The identification of liquid cloud peaks emerges as a valuable asset, e.g., in studies on cloud radiative effects, in seeder–feeder processes, or for tracing vertical air motions. Furthermore, the computation of the moments for each subpeak enables the tracking of hydrometeor populations and the observation of growth processes along fallstreaks. On the other hand, PEAKO–peakTree applications could be extended to statistical evaluations of longer data sets. Both algorithms are openly available on GitHub, offering accessibility for the scientific community.

Near-order relation of power means

Near-order relation of power means

New estimates for Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer-type inequalities containing Raina fractional integrals

The Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequality is an effective utensil for examining upper and lower estimations of the integrals of convex functions. In this study, the power mean inequality and Hölder inequality are employed. The outcomes are new Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities via Raina fractional integrals for m-convex functions. The findings are extensions of many previous investigations.

One loop effective actions in Kerr-(A)dS black holes

We compute new exact analytic expressions for one-loop scalar effective actions in Kerr (A)dS black hole (BH) backgrounds in four and five dimensions. These are computed by the connection coefficients of the Heun equation via a generalization of the Gelfand-Yaglom formalism to second-order linear ordinary differential equations with regular singularities. The expressions we find are in terms of Nekrasov-Shatashvili special functions, making explicit the analytic properties of the one-loop effective actions with respect to the gravitational parameters and the precise contributions of the quasinormal modes. The latter arise via an associated integrable system. In particular, we prove asymptotic formulas for large angular momenta in terms of hypergeometric functions and give a precise mathematical meaning to Rindler-like region contributions. Moreover, we identify the leading terms in the large distance expansion as the point particle approximation of the BH and their finite size corrections as encoding the BH tidal response. We also discuss the exact properties of the thermal version of the BH effective actions by providing a proof of the Denef-Hartnoll-Sachdev formula and explicitly computing it for new relevant cases. Although we focus on the real scalar field in dS-Kerr and (A)dS-Schwarzschild in four and five dimensions, similar formulas can be given for higher spin matter and radiation fields in more general gravitational backgrounds. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Development of Explosive Strength in the Representative High School Volleyball Team

The physical education teacher has the obligation to form the representative team of the school unit to be enrolled in the competition provided in the sports calendar, respectively the National School Sports Olympiad. The aim is to educate all students in sports according to their skills, material basis, sports tradition of the educational unit, in order to lay the foundation for the creating the habit of systematic practice of some sports branches, namely the game of volleyball. Motor skills are absolutely necessary for a total participation of the student in all phases of attack and defense. Among these, the value of the motor quality, force, depends on the degree of training and applied efforts, efforts that must be large enough to lead to the development of the student’s moto qualities. Starting from the knowledge of morpho - functional peculiarities specific to the post-pubertal age, a pattern can be structured to identify the optimal solutions for the development of explosive force by general means but also specific to the game of volleyball. The efficiency and diversification strategies of stimulation and development of explosive force in volleyball play involve valuing the theoretical and practical knowledge and experience of the specialist, whose ultimate goal is to discover and capitalize the motor potential of high school students in order to achieve performance in school competitions.

Advancing Patient Safety Culture: A Systematic Review of Strategies and Best Practices in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

This research study is an important contribution to that critical argument of how to develop patient safety culture in health care settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Having understood the pivotal role played by culture in the improvement of patient outcomes, very systematically lays down a literature review looking for the prevalent gaps and inefficiencies occurring in the present practices. That is to mean, the paper duly critically appraises different approaches and interventions that have greatly contributed to making a huge difference in the organizational climate, regarding the culture of safety through a systematic and rigorous manner. These findings, therefore, underline the need for full-fledged deployment of safety protocols, fostering a transparent atmosphere through which healthcare providers should learn from their mistakes, and demand quality enhancement programs. Presents a summary of such findings, and their general meanings with regards to health policy, leadership, and practice that suggest a way for healthcare institutions in Riyadh, to draw a more resilient and patient-centered safety culture. This research contributes to the academic void of discourse of patient safety by offering practical insights to the health leaders and policy-makers in Riyadh that, when implemented, will optimize the quality of care in health care and experience that patients have in it

Magnetic Fabrics in Laminated Rocks of the Ilímaussaq Igneous Complex, Southern Greenland

ABSTRACT Nepheline syenites from the ∼1.2 Ga Ilímaussaq Complex of southern Greenland are examined to assess the utility of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics as proxies for silicate petrofabrics. Mineral lamination is a relatively common structural feature in cumulate rocks, including in the Ilímaussaq intrusion, but there is little consensus on the process (or processes) responsible for its formation. The Ilímaussaq AMS data are combined with rock magnetic experiments and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements to characterize the magnetic mineralogy and compare the magnetic fabrics obtained to the silicate petrofabric. The data show that Na-amphibole (arfvedsonite) is most likely the dominant control on the AMS fabrics in the coarse-grained nepheline syenites (referred to as kakortokites), and that the AMS fabric is inverse relative to the observed silicate fabric. The EBSD data for a kakortokite sample suggests that the petrofabric is defined by arfvedsonite and is wholly planar, with evidence of only weak cross-lineation of c axes. The fine-grained nepheline syenites (lujavrites), two of which have a well-developed lamination carried by Na-pyroxene (aegirine), appear to have composite AMS fabrics that are considered to be a consequence of a mixed aegirine (normal) and arfvedsonite (inverse) response. The combined datasets shed light on the mechanisms of fabric acquisition in both lithologies. In the kakortokites, the AMS fabrics and silicate crystallographic preferred orientations, as well as the lack of observed microstructural evidence for subsolidus intra-crystal deformation, support models invoking gravitationally controlled crystal mats in the development of the macro-rhythmic layering of these rocks. In the lujavrites, the strong planar fabrics revealed by both the AMS and EBSD datasets, with some evidence of subsolidus deformation, point to fabric formation and perhaps even aegirine crystallization at the postcumulus stage. The combination of EBSD and AMS fabric datasets is a powerful means of deciphering the processes responsible for mineral alignment in igneous cumulates.

Acute dose-response effect of photobiomodulation therapy on muscle performance in female futsal players: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study

BackgroundPhotobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has recently been indicated as a potential therapeutic strategy in diverse health and sports contexts. However, its efficacy on muscle performance in female futsal players remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-response effect of PBMT on muscle performance in female futsal players. MethodsIn a crossover design, fifteen female futsal athletes (age: 18–30 years) were randomized to receive 1 of 4 PBMT conditions (placebo, 300, 900, and 1260 J [J]) on four occasions, separated by a 2-wk washout period. PBMT treatments were applied on the quadriceps muscle of both legs using a device containing 200 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), immediately before the following tests: countermovement jump (CMJ) (i.e., flight time as indicator of muscle power), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for the leg extension exercise (i.e., muscle strength), and 3 sets of repetitions-to-failure (i.e., local muscular endurance) for the 45° leg press exercise, with recording of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after each set. The fatigue index was determined by the number of repetitions between sets 1 and 3. ResultsNo significant differences were found between the PBMT conditions for the maximum number of repetitions (p = 0.899), RPE (time p < 0.0001; interaction p = 0.653), fatigue index (p = 0.835), muscle power (p = 0.789), and isometric peak and mean torque (p = 0.776 and 0.537, respectively). ConclusionDifferent doses of acute PBMT with LEDs do not improve muscle performance (endurance, power, and strength) and RPE in female futsal players.

Electrochemical C−O and C−N Arylation using Alternating Polarity in flow for Compound Libraries

AbstractEtherification and amination of aryl halide scaffolds are commonly used reactions in parallel medicinal chemistry to rapidly scan structure–activity relationships with abundant building blocks. Electrochemical methods for aryl etherification and amination demonstrate broad functional group tolerance and extended nucleophile scope compared to traditional methods. Nevertheless, there is a need for robust and scale‐transferable workflows for electrochemical compound library synthesis. Herein we describe a platform for automated electrochemical synthesis of C−X arylation (X=NH, OH) in flow to access compound libraries. A comprehensive Design of Experiment (DoE) study identifies an optimal protocol which generates high yields across&gt;30 aryl halide scaffolds, diverse amines (including electron‐deficient sulfonamides, sulfoximines, amides, and anilines) and alcohols (including serine residues within peptides). Reaction sequences are automated on commercially available equipment to generate libraries of anilines and aryl ethers. The unprecedented application of potentiostatic alternating polarity in flow is essential to avoid accumulating electrode passivation. Moreover, it enables reactions to be performed in air, without supporting electrolyte and with high reproducibility over consecutive runs. Our method represents a powerful means to rapidly generate nucleophile independent C−X arylation compound libraries using flow electrochemistry.

Hypersurfaces with capillary boundary evolving by volume preserving power mean curvature flow

Hypersurfaces with capillary boundary evolving by volume preserving power mean curvature flow

The power of prompts: Encouraging children to think about fairness promotes the costly rejection of unfairness.

Children in the United States have an early-emerging understanding that resources should be divided fairly among agents, yet their behavior does not begin to reflect this understanding until later in development. Why does this gap between knowledge and behavior exist, and how can we close it? Here, we tested the role of explicit prompts in closing the gap, asking whether prompting 4- to 9-year-olds to make fair decisions would promote the costly rejection of unfairness in the Inequity Game. Children were presented with either advantageous (more for actor, less for recipient) or disadvantageous (less for actor, more for recipient) allocations and assigned to one of three experimental conditions: Fairness Prompt, Autonomous Prompt, or Baseline. Prompt condition had a strong effect on advantageous but not disadvantageous inequity aversion. Indeed, a simple fairness prompt was enough to reveal advantageous inequity aversion at 5 years of age, roughly 2 years before it was seen in children in the Autonomous Prompt or Baseline conditions. This study points to the promise of simple prompts as a powerful means of encouraging costly fair behavior in childhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Constraints on the continental weathering intensity through the Permian using lithium isotopes of well-preserved brachiopod shells

Lithium isotopic compositions (δ7Li) in marine carbonates provide a powerful means to track continental weathering intensity through geological history and promote our understanding of how and why Earth remained habitable. However, δ7Li values in ancient carbonates can be affected by factors such as primary carbonate mineralogy (e.g., aragonite, high-Mg calcite, low-Mg calcite) and post-depositional diagenesis, which may alter their primary signals. Modern articulate brachiopod shells have shown a constant δ7Li offset compared to contemporary seawater, suggesting that fossil brachiopod shells could serve as robust archives for this geochemical proxy due to their diagenetically resistant low-Mg calcite composition. Despite this potential, few studies have explored this topic. In this study, we analyze and compare the geochemical compositions of fossil brachiopod shells and their enclosing carbonate rocks from Permian strata in South China to investigate whether brachiopod shells can reliably preserve the δ7Li values of ancient seawater and, if they do, to obtain new constraints on changes in the continental weathering regimes through the Permian. We used several diagenetic screening methods, including scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy, and elemental concentrations to detect potential diagenetic alteration. Our results indicate that 32 out of 49 shells preserve primary δ7Li values. Notably, we observed that δ7Li offsets between brachiopod shells and their enclosing carbonate rocks vary across the studied sections, likely due to diagenetic alteration of the bulk carbonates. Using the δ7Li values from well-preserved brachiopod shells, we reconstructed δ7Li variations of Permian seawater. We identified three distinct intervals: (1) extremely low δ7Lisw values (as low as 6.7 ± 2.9‰, n = 12, 1sd) during the Asselian and Sakmarian stages, (2) high δ7Lisw values (32.6 ± 4.5‰, n = 3, 1sd) similar to modern seawater during the Kungurian stage, and (3) relatively low δ7Lisw values (13.6 ± 3.9‰, n = 14, 1sd) from the Capitanian to the Changhsingian stages. These significant changes in δ7Li values of Permian seawater indicate dramatic changes in continental weathering regimes during the Permian, possibly linked to major climate changes, such as the termination of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and warming associated with the emplacement of the large igneous provinces.

Dark matter raining on DUNE and other large volume detectors

Direct detection is a powerful means of searching for particle physics evidence of dark matter (DM) heavier than about a GeV with \U0001d4aa(kiloton) volume, low-threshold detectors. In many scenarios, some fraction of the DM may be boosted to large velocities enhancing and generally modifying possible detection signatures. We investigate the scenario where 100% of the DM is boosted at the Earth due to new attractive long-range forces. This leads to two main improvements in detection capabilities: (1) the large boost allows for detectable signatures of DM well below a GeV at large-volume neutrino detectors, such as DUNE, Super-K, Hyper-K, and JUNO, as possible DM detectors, and (2) the flux at the Earth’s surface is enhanced by a focusing effect. In addition, the model leads to a significant anisotropy in the signal with the DM flowing dominantly vertically at the Earth’s surface instead of the typical approximately isotropic DM signal. We develop the theory behind this model and also calculate realistic constraints using a detailed GENIE simulation of the signal inside detectors.