Average Potential Years Of Life Lost Research Articles

Premature mortality attributable to COVID-19: potential years of life lost in 17 countries around the world, January\u2013August 2020

BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States [USA]).MethodsAge- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy.ResultsAs of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18–185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to 4,210,654 (range: 112–1,554,225) PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine. North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest. Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex. Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups.ConclusionsOur results highlight the role of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.

Cancer death and potential years of life lost in Feicheng City, China: Trends from 2013 to 2018.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cancer-related mortality on life expectancy in Feicheng City.We extracted the death records and population data of Feicheng City from 2013 to 2018 through the Feicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The mortality, premature mortality, cause-eliminated life expectancy, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average potential years of life lost (APYLL), annual change percentage (APC), and other indicators of cancer were calculated. The age-standardized rates were calculated using the sixth national census (2010).From 2013 to 2018, the mortality rate of cancer in Feicheng City was 221.55/100,000, and the standardized mortality rate was 166.37/100,000. The standardized mortality rate increased from 2013 to 2014 and then decreased annually. The premature mortality of cancer was 8.98% and showed a downward trend (APC = −2.47%, t = −3.10, P = .04). From 2013 to 2018, the average life expectancy of residents in Feicheng City was 78.63 years. Eliminating the impact of cancer, life expectancy could increase by 3.72 years. The rate of life loss caused by cancer in men was higher than that in women. The total life loss caused by cancer deaths was 126,870.50 person-years, the potential life loss rate was 22.51‰, and the average potential life loss was 13.30 years. The standardized potential years of life lost rate showed a downward trend (APC = −2.96%, t = −3.72, P = .02), and APYLL decreased by 1.98% annually (t = −5.44, P = .01). The top 5 malignant tumors in APYLL were leukemia, breast cancer, brain tumor, liver cancer, and ovarian cancer.Lung cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, and childhood leukemia have a great impact on the life expectancy of residents in Feicheng City. Effective measures need to be taken to reduce the disease burden of malignant tumors.

Death Characteristics of Neurological Diseases in Inner Mongolia between 2008 and 2015

Background: There are no studies of death from neurological diseases found, however, neurological diseases were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in 2015 worldwide. Aim: The scientific aim of this study is to analyze the death characteristics of neurological diseases in Inner Mongolia occurring between 2008 and 2015. Methods: The data collected from Death Registry System (DRS) were categorized by gender, ethnicity, age, and death location. The subjects were divided into age groups for every 10 years from the age of 20. Mortality and gender: age-specific mortality was calculated for every 100,000 people from 2008 to 2015. Results: We found that Alzheimer’s disease has the highest proportion which equated to over one-fifth of all neurological diseases. Males displayed a higher mortality rate than females in all neurological diseases. The neurological diseases mortality showed a total potential year of life lost (PYLL) of about 20,151 years, and it was 2.03 times higher for male than that for female. The average potential years of life lost (APYLL) showed 17.72 years, and APYLL in males was 3.34 years longer than in females. More than 60% of the deaths resulting from the neurological disease occur at home for both males and females. Conclusion: Alzheimer disease is the most serious disease of all neurological diseases, however, cerebral palsy and epilepsy also displayed the highest loss of life for residents. Mortality of neurological diseases was generally higher in males than in females, and this increased with age.

Occupational Burden of Asbestos-Related Diseases in Korea, 1998-2013: Asbestosis, Mesothelioma, Lung Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, and Ovarian Cancer.

BackgroundAsbestos exposure causes asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) including asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer. Although Korea used substantial amounts of asbestos in the past, no study has focused on its occupational burden of disease (OBD). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the OBDs of ARDs in Korea.MethodsThe CARcinogen Exposure (CAREX) database was used to determine the proportion of exposed population. Relative risks for lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer were used to determine the population-attributable fraction. Data for deaths caused by ARDs during 1998–2013 were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) and annual average PYLL (APYLL) indicated OBDs.ResultsIn Korea, the number of ARD-attributable deaths and PYLL due to all ARDs during 1998–2013 were 4,492 and 71,763.7, respectively. The number of attributable deaths and PYLL due to asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer were 37 and 554.2, 808 and 15,877.0, 3,256 and 47,375.9, 120 and 1,605.5, and 271 and 6,331.1, respectively; additionally, the APYLL were 15.0, 19.7, 14.6, 13.4, and 23.4, respectively, and the average age at death was 70.4, 62.6, 69.1, 69.9, and 61.8, respectively. Our study showed that although the use of asbestos has ceased in Korea, the incidence of ARDs tends to increase.ConclusionTherefore, efforts to reduce future OBDs of ARDs, including early detection and proper management of ARDs, are needed in Korea.

Disease burden of colorectal cancer in Jinchang cohort

To evaluate the disease burden of colorectal cancer in Jinchang cohort, and provide evidence for preventing colorectal cancer and reducing the disease burden of colorectal cancer in the cohort. The colorectal cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records of colorectal cancer patients from 2001 to 2010 were collected for this retrospective cohort study. The colorectal cancer disease burden was described by using mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, medical expenditure, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average potential years of life lost (APYLL), working potential years of life lost (WPYLL), and average working potential years of life lost (AWPYLL). The development trend in disease burden of colorectal cancer was analyzed by using Spearman correlation and the average growth rate. The crude mortality rate of colorectal cancer from 2001 to 2013 was 9.53/100,000 with the average annual growth rate of 12.89%. The PYLL, APYLL, WPYLL and AWPYLL of colorectal cancer were 485.00 person-years, 9.15 years, 253.00 person-years, and 4.77 years, respectively. The direct medical expenditure due to colorectal cancer was 7064.38 Yuan per case and 408.43 Yuan per day. There was no increasing trend in the direct medical expenditure due to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer mortolity rate was on the rise and it caused heavy disease burden in Jinchang cohort.

Disease burden of liver cancer in Jinchang cohort

To understand the current status of the disease burden of liver cancer in Jinchang cohort. All the liver cancer death data from 2001 to 2013 and medical records of liver cancer cases from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were collected for the analyses of the mortality, standardized mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and working PYLL (WPYLL) associated with liver cancer. Spearman correlation and the average growth rate were used to analyze the trends. A total of 207 liver cancer deaths occurred in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013, accounting for 16.68% of total cancer deaths. There were 259 liver cancer inpatients, accounting for 6.79% of the total cancer cases inpatients, in which 83 died (32.05%). Liver cancer death mainly occurred in males, accounting for 88.89%, and the liver cancer deaths in females accounted for 11.11%. The standardized mortality rate was 42.32/100,000 in males and 15.31/100,000 in females. The growth rate of liver cancer mortality was 5.62% from 2001 to 2013. Liver cancer deaths mainly occurred in age groups 60-69 years (26.57%) and 50-59 years (24.15%). The PYLL was 2906.76 person-years, the average PYLL was 14.04 years. The WPYLL was 1477.00 person-years and the average WPYLL was 7.14 years. The direct economic burden of liver cancer was 6270.78 Yuan per person, 301.75 Yuan per day. The average stay of hospitalization was 21.32 days. The mortality rate of liver cancer is increasing and the disease burden is still heavy.

Disease burden of gastric cancer in Jinchang cohort

To understand the current status of disease burden caused by gastric cancer in Jinchang cohort. In this historical cohort study, the data of gastric cancer deaths from 2001 to 2013 and the medical records of gastric cancer cases from 2001 to 2010 in Jinchang cohort were collected to analyze the mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), working PYLL (WPYLL) associated with gastric cancer, and the medical expenditure data were used to evaluate the direct economic burden. Spearman correlation analysis and the average growth rate were used to describe the change trend of disease burden of gastric cancer. A total of 213 gastric cancer deaths occurred in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013. The average annual crude mortality rate of gastric cancer was 38.30 per 100,000 in Jinchang cohort during 2001-2013 and no obvious change was observed. The crude mortality rate in males was 6.84 times higher than that in females. Gastric cancer death mainly occurred in age group 50-79 years (82.62%), while the mortality rates was increasing among the people under 50 years with an average annual increase rate of 0.77%. The annual average PYLL (APYLL) and average WPYLL (AWPYLL) caused by gastric cancer decreased by 8.43% and 10.46%, respectively. No obvious change in medical expenditure of gastric cancer cases was observed in Jinchang Cohort during 2001-2010, and the medical expenditure and average daily cost of hospitalization were 8102.23 Yuan, and 463.45 Yuan per capita, respectively. The burden of disease for gastric cancer was heavy in Jinchang cohort. The PYLL and WPYLL had no change, while the APYLL and AWPYLL showed a increasing trend during the last ten years. Direct economic burden of inpatients with gastric cancer had no change.

Economic burden of fire-related deaths in Finland, 2000–2010: Indirect costs using a human capital approach

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the indirect economic burden of fire-related deaths in Finland in the period 2000–2010. MethodsThe Human Capital (HC) approach was the main method used to estimate productivity losses due to fire-related deaths. Additionally, Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) due to deaths were reported. ResultsA total of 1090 fire-related deaths occurred in the period 2000–2010 within a population of some 5.4 million. The majority were male (76% vs 24%), with a mean age of 52 (CI: 51.0–53.2) years for males and 57 (CI: 54.6–59.6) for females; 24% (CI: 21.1–26.2%) of victims were over the retirement age. Most of the victims died of combustion gas poisoning (65%, CI: 61.8–67.6%), followed by burns (33%, CI: 30.6–36.3%). Alcohol was often involved and victims were often socially disadvantaged, with socioeconomic features significantly deviating from those of the general population.Annual PYLL ranged from 2094 (CI: 1861–2326) to 3299 (CI: 3008–3594), with an annual average PYLL of 2763 (CI: 2675-2851). PYLL per death fell in the study period from 34.3 (2000, CI: 31.0–37.7) to 24.6 (2010, CI: 21.8–27.6). The reduction is attributable to a decreasing fraction of young victims and an increase in average ages. ConclusionsTotal productivity loss in the period 2000–2010 was c.a. EUR 342 million (CI: 330–354 million), giving an annual average of EUR 31.1 million (CI: 30.0–32.2 million), with the mean for a victim being EUR 0.315 million (CI: 0.30–0.33 million).The economic burden of deaths is considerable and this study remedies the lack of academic knowledge about the burden of fire-related deaths.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an assessment of international incidence, survival, and disease burden

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare hematological malignancy. With the recent introduction of a classification system for hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms, more comprehensive assessment of ALL epidemiology is now possible. In this study, we describe recent international incidence of ALL and project the annual number of diagnoses to 2025. We also estimate relative survival and average potential years of life lost (AYLL) to assess the societal burden of ALL. Age-specific incidence data for ALL from select cancer registries in different geographies were obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Database. Country-specific age-standardized rates were calculated to allow for direct comparisons between countries. ALL-specific mortality and relative survival data were only available from the United States (US) National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; mortality rates were estimated for other countries. The age-standardized incidence rate of ALL during 2003-2007 ranged from 1.08 to 2.12 per 100,000 person-years in selected countries. Incidence was generally higher in the Americas and Oceania and lower in Asia and Eastern Europe. In most countries, the incidence rate of ALL in children was approximately four times that in adults. Survival was particularly poor among adults. In selected countries, the estimated AYLL ranged from 30 to 48 years for all ages and from 23 to 39 years for adults. Although a rare disease, ALL presents a significant public health burden given poor survival outcomes among adults, AYLL, and its importance as the most common pediatric cancer.

Potential years of life lost (PYLL) caused by asbestos‐related diseases in the world

We applied the well-established, but rather under-utilized, indicator of Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) to estimate the global burden of mesothelioma and asbestosis. We analyzed all deaths caused by mesothelioma and asbestosis that were reported by 82 and 55 countries, respectively, to the World Health Organization (WHO) from 1994 to 2010. The 128,015 and 13,885 persons who died of mesothelioma and asbestosis, potentially lost a total of 2.18 million and 180,000 years of life (PYLL), or, an annual average PYLL of 201,000 years and 17,000 years, respectively. The average PYLL per decedent were 17.0 and 13.0 years for mesothelioma and asbestosis, respectively. The current burden of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) in terms of PYLL is substantial. The future burden of ARDs can be eliminated by stopping the use of asbestos.

Trends in fatal crashes involving young and older drivers in Great Britain

Young driver (aged under 20; YD) crashes are a leading cause of road death across Great Britain (GB) and the world. We compared trends in road traffic crashes involving YDs...

Mortalidad prematura y años potenciales de vida perdidos relacionados con el consumo de alcohol en España y en las comunidades autónomas en el año 2004

Objective The aim of this study is to analyse premature deaths due to alcohol consumption in 2004 in Spain and its different Autonomous Communities. Design Using data on deaths that can be attributed to alcohol consumption in 2004 for Spain and its different Autonomous Communities, the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) were calculated up to the age of 70 for each diagnostic category, by sex and 5-year age groups. Setting Spain: 17 Autonomous Communities, Ceuta and Melilla. Participants Data on deaths that can be attributed to alcohol consumption in 2004 for Spain and its different Autonomous Communities. Measurements The number of PYLL, the percentage of PYLL, and average PYLL. Results During 2004, 118,411 PYLL were lost, 4 times higher in males than in females, the average PYLL per death being attributable to alcohol was 22.6 years (ranging from 34.7 in Ceuta and 20.2 in Asturias). Acute causes (68% of the PYLL), and in particular unintentional accidents (47.9 of the PYLL), were the main causes that contributed to premature death related to alcohol consumption in Spain and in each of Spanish Autonomous Communities. Conclusions The estimation of the PYLL shows the great impact that alcohol consumption has on the premature death rate in Spain ant the Spanish Autonomous Communities. Given that alcohol consumption is an avoidable cause of death, the adoption of preventive measures aimed at reducing consumption, as well as the early detection and treatment of possible alcohol related problems is vital.

Mortalidad atribuible al alcohol en Cataluña: 1994

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the consumption of alcohol to mortality in Catalonia during 1994, as well as its importance in premature death. This study used data on causes of death in Catalonia during 1994 from the "Servei D'Informació i Estudis de la Direcció General de Recursos Sanitaris del Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social de Catalunya" (Information and Study Service of the Directorate General for Health Care Resources, Catalonian Department of Health and Social Security). The figures attributable to alcohol are based on those used in the study on alcohol-related mortality in the United States in 1987. In 1994 5.3% of deaths in Catalonia were related to the consumption of alcohol. The mortality rate was 6.5% for men, and 3.9% for women. The diagnostic category which most contributed to the number of deaths was that of malignant neoplasias (29.3%). The study of premature deaths show that accidents were the major cause (52.3%). In this diagnostic category car accidents were the main cause of potential years of life lost (PYLL). The average PYLL for each death attributable to alcohol up to the age of 65 was 7.5. This study shows the scale of alcohol as a public health problem in Catalonia.