Average Performance Index Research Articles

Optimizing Road Pavement Projects Through Earned Value Concepts

Every construction project faces constraints of cost, schedule, and quality that must be managed to achieve the desired objectives. This research aims to control the aspects of time and cost in construction projects by applying the Earned Value Concept and Crash Program methods. The subject of the study is the Preservation of Roads and Bridges project in Bireuen City - BTS, Lhokseumawe/Aceh Utara, Krueng Mane Buket Rata, SP. Krueng Geukeueh - PEL. Krueng Geukeueh (PEL. Lhokseumawe). The data analyzed includes the Budget Plan (RAB), project schedule, and reports on planned and actual work. This data is processed into three main indicators: BCWS, BCWP, and ACWP, which are then analyzed through Schedule Variance (SV), Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), and Cost Performance Index (CPI). The analysis results show that during weeks 22 to 23, the project had a positive Schedule Variance (SV) (0), which then turned negative during weeks 24 to 28, with an average Schedule Performance Index (SPI) of 1.0096, indicating that project execution was ahead of schedule. Meanwhile, the Cost Variance (CV) was positive throughout the project, and the average Cost Performance Index (CPI) was 1.2118, indicating that actual costs did not exceed the budget. The application of the Crash Program method resulted in changes in heavy equipment rental costs and worker wages, from IDR 1,440,469,946.99 over 50 days to IDR 1,853,072,988.06 over 25 days, with a cost increase of IDR 412,603,041.07 and an acceleration ratio of 1.29. This research demonstrates that the Earned Value Concept and Crash Program methods are effective in controlling time and cost in construction projects, thereby helping to achieve better efficiency in project management.

Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic array with multi-module fusion under hyperparameter optimization

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays’ random and intermittent output characteristics impact power system safety. To improve the performance of the PV array fault diagnosis model, a novel online fault monitoring technique is introduced. (1) Fault diagnostic model construction: Significant differences in PV arrays’ I-V and P-V curves under various fault conditions led to constructing a 3D channel feature map based on I, V, and P features. (2) Multi-source information fusion network (MSIFN): this multi-module fusion model includes a time–frequency domain fusion module (TDFM), a multi-feature shuffle expansion convolution module (MSECM), a parameter-free parallel hybrid attention enhancement module, and a multi-scale mixed pooling fusion classification module (MMPCM). (3) Multi-strategy fusion whale optimization algorithm (MSFWOA): addressing the original WOA’s deficiencies, we designed time control, parameter modification, and greedy control strategies based on lens imaging to optimize MSIFN’s hyper-parameters. Experimental results show that the MSFWOA-MSIFN model excels in PV array fault diagnosis (Paccuracy=Pprecision=Precall = 99.92 %). In three types of noise experiments with 15 dB, 25 dB, and 30 dB, the average performance index remained above 99 %. In practical experiments, the average performance indices werePaccuracy = 97.53 %, Pprecision = 97.32 %, andPrecall = 97.41 %, further demonstrating its excellent diagnostic performance. This model effectively diagnoses various faults in PV arrays, providing scientific and theoretical support for PV system operations.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) Leaf Powder as Feed Additive on Growth Performance and Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Broilers

Background: Tejpatta leaves are well known for their use as spice in food for taste and aromatic purposes. It is mainly used for flavoring food and widely used in pharmaceutical preparation because of its hypoglycemic, stimulant, carminative, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer and antimicrobial properties. Keeping the aforementioned properties in view, the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Tejpatta leaf powder on growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of broilers for boosting poultry industry production. Methods: Two hundred and twenty five day-old chicks were randomly assigned into five dietary treatment groups (T1-T5) using CRD, each consisting of 45 chicks with roughly equal average body weights. Each group of 45 chicks was subdivided into three replicates (R1, R2 and R3) having 15 chicks per replicate. The T1 group fed basal diet only, while T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed Tejpatta leaf powder @ 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25% and 1.75%, respectively, along with basal diet. Result: Significant (P less than 0.01) effect on growth characteristics was noticed in broiler chicks due to dietary supplementation of Tejpatta leaf powder. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher body weight, weekly body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and performance index was noticed in T4 group and lowest was observed in T1 group. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher feed intake was observed in T5 group and lowest was in T1 group. Lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in T4 group and highest in T1 group. Non-significant effect on hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood corpuscle count, serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol and creatinine levels was observed in various treatment groups. It was concluded that supplementing broiler diet with Tejpatta leaf powder @ 1.25% could be beneficial for improving broiler chick growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters while having no adverse effects on broiler chicks.

A novel reduced thermal conductivity ductility cement-based composite material with containing aerogels: Towards multi-function in buildings

Fully exploring and expanding the performance of building materials has become an important direction for the sustainable development of building materials. In this study, low-density silica aerogel (LSA) with a density of 74.3 kg/m³ and conventional silica aerogel (CSA) with a density of 141.6 kg/m³ were used as partial aggregates to prepare a reduced thermal conductivity ductility cement-based composite material (RTCDCC). Based on this, the effects of LSA and CSA at different contents on the compressive strength, four-point bending performance, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and density of RTCDCC were compared and studied. The results showed that when the aerogel content was the same, the influence of LSA on the mechanical and physical properties of the mixture was more significant compared to CSA. Furthermore, the mixture exhibits good ductility when the content of aerogel was less than 30 %. Additionally, the impact of different density aerogels on the internal pore distribution of the mixture was investigated through low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests, providing further insights into the reasons for the variations in performance between LSA and CSA mixtures. Notably, the RTCDCC prepared in this study not only has good compressive strength but also maintains a lower thermal conductivity, and an average comprehensive performance index (Icp) of 0.63, which promotes the application of aerogel in the realm of multi-function building materials.

Good Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Maqashid Syariah pada Perbankan Syariah Asia Tenggara

Islamic banking has the characteristics of an operation that uses a profit-sharing system and its main goal is to achieve Falah. This also affects the performance measurement of sharia banking which also adapts to these two characteristics. One method of measuring the performance of Islamic banking is to use the Maqashid-Based Performance Evaluation Model (MPEM) method. This study aims to prove the effect of good corporate governance variables (board of commissioners, independent commissioners, sharia supervisory board, and audit committee) on the performance of Islamic banking based on the MPEM method. This study uses secondary data obtained from 20 Islamic banks in 4 Southeast Asia countries from 2016 to 2020 observation years. The method used for data analysis is using a panel regression model with the random effect as the chosen model. This study found that the board of commissioners and the audit committee has a negative effect on the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on maqashid syariah. The ratio of the independent commissioners and the sharia supervisory board does not affect the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on Maqasid Syariah. This study also found a result that the average maqashid performance index of sharia banking in Southeast Asia is only around 12.7%.
 Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Maqashid Syariah, Performance, Sharia Banks

Do outcomes of interposition arthroplasty in young patients differ based on indication? A systematic review.

Interposition arthroplasty of the elbow is often preferred in young patients compared with implant total elbow arthroplasty. However, research comparing outcomes based on diagnosis in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and inflammatory arthritis following interposition arthroplasty is sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare outcomes and complication rates following interposition arthroplasty in patients with PTOA and inflammatory arthritis. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried from inception to December 31, 2021. The search generated 189 total studies, of which 122 were unique. Original studies on interposition arthroplasty of the elbow in the setting of post-traumatic or inflammatory arthritis in patients aged <65 years were included. Six studies that were suitable for inclusion were identified. The query yielded 110 elbows, of which 85 had received a diagnosis of PTOA and 25, inflammatory arthritis. The cumulative complication rate following the index procedure was 38.4%. The complication rate in patients with PTOA was 41.2% compared with 11.7% in those with inflammatory arthritis. Furthermore, the cumulative reoperation rate was 23.5%. The reoperation rates in PTOA and inflammatory arthritis patients were 25.0% and 17.6%, respectively. The average preoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Index pain score was 11.0, which improved to 26.3 postoperatively. The mean preoperative and postoperative pain scores for the PTOA patients were 4.3 and 30.0, respectively. For the inflammatory arthritis patients, the preoperative pain score was 0 and the postoperative pain score was 45. The overall mean preoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Index functional score was 41.5, improving to 74.0 after the procedure. This study found that interposition arthroplasty is associated with a 38.4% complication rate and 23.5% reoperation rate, in addition to positive improvements in pain and function. In patients aged <65 years, interposition arthroplasty may be considered in those unwilling to undergo implant arthroplasty.

Efficiency of subnational government expenditure towards elementary education and nutrition: Bootstrap data envelopment analysis for India

The need of translating increasing outlays into better outcomes on various public programmes has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide to focus more on the quality of public spending, often assessed in terms of its efficiency. The present article is a contribution to the existing literature on the subject in that it assesses the efficiency of government expenditure of Indian states for two most basic social services—elementary education and nutrition during 2014–2015 and 2018–2019 using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index techniques, in both input‐oriented as well as output‐oriented settings under variable returns to scale assumption; it constructs the average performance index for children at elementary education and malnutrition index for women and children to utilise them as output indicators; and it adopts a robust bootstrap truncated regression procedure to avoid various econometric issues while estimating the impact of selected environmental factors on bias‐corrected inefficiency scores. The major findings of this article seem to suggest that, while states should be provided greater flexibility in their fiscal operations, they have to complement their fiscal autonomy with good governance to improve the efficiency of their spending on basic social services. Towards this end, states like Bihar, Jharkhand and those belonging to North‐Eastern and Himalayan regions need special attention with a different set of development policies.

A Dynamic CAV-Dedicated Lane Allocation Method With the Joint Optimization of Signal Timing Parameters and Smooth Trajectory in a Mixed Traffic Environment

Owing to the difference in utilization efficiency of road between a connected-automated vehicle (CAV) and connected human-driven vehicle (CHV), caused by trajectory controllability, the optimization methods reported in literature for the mixed traffic of CAVs and CHVs at signalized intersections do not consider the dynamic adjustment of the approach lane utilization due to variations in the CAV penetration rate and traffic demand. Accordingly, a dynamic CAV-dedicated lane allocation method with the joint optimization of signal timing parameters and smooth trajectory is proposed to avoid using transitional or inefficient CAV-dedicated lanes and improve the performance of the intersections. In addition, a CAV trajectory control model for the CAV-dedicated lane is built to avoid the start-up loss time and maximize the utilization of green time. The delay and stops are weighted to form an integrated performance index (PI), and a PI model is established to evaluate the proposed method. A simplified solution procedure is designed to solve the joint optimization problem. The simulation results show that the proposed method in this paper can reduce the average PI per vehicle at intersections by 15.7% or more compared with that of a fully actuated signal control scheme, which indicates that it is necessary to drive the CAVs in one or more CAV-dedicated lanes when the CAV penetration rate exceeds a certain threshold. Compared with the existing signal and trajectory control approaches, the proposed method is more suitable for multi-lane signalized intersection with high saturation and high CAV penetration rate.

Performance evaluation of serpentine tube coupled with modified twisted tapes utilized as heat extraction coil in solar ponds

The thermal energy collected and stored by solar ponds is usually extracted by using some heat exchangers, where curved tubes form their core. The present study aims to appraise the performance of a serpentine tube under varied mass flow rates and inlet temperatures of the working fluid. Three different types of twisted tapes nominated as uniform twist pitches (U), low to high twist pitches (LH), and high to low twist pitches (HL) are employed to enhance the heat extraction rate. This article is the first report addressing the application of non-uniform twisted tapes as turbulators in a serpentine tube. In this regard, a solar pond simulator containing salt water is designed and fabricated. Numerical simulations are also carried out to display the transport phenomena inside the models. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and a close agreement is found. From the thermal point of view, the sequence of twisted tapes is LH > HL > U, while it follows the order of U > LH > HL according to the frictional loss. The findings demonstrate that depending on operating conditions, the heat extracted by the modified cases is 4 to 70% more than the base model. It is also found that employing non-uniform twisted tapes results in lower flow resistance compared to the uniform case. The pressure drop augmentations produced by U, LH, and HL TTs are 26.5%, 17.5%, and 10.4%. Further, the overall performance index is higher than unity for all the enhanced cases. The best case is the twisted tape having low to high twist pitches (LH) which has an average performance index from 2.03 to 2.71.

Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Based Smart Tongue Using Machine Learning

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)-based new type of taste sensing technology is focused on this study. The developed sensor can sense five taste senses (salty, sweetness, spicy, bitterness, and sourness) artificially. Development of electronic tongue using Nafion-based IPMC strip (Pt-electroded) is the background philosophy for the current finding. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the perfluorinated polymer membrane, IPMC strips while immersed into test solutions, cations like Li <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , etc., diffused into the polymer layer penetrating through the Pt-electrode surface of the IPMC and rearranged inside the polymer matrix. Bending of IPMC strip produces a small potential difference in millivolt (mV), which is developed across two Pt-electroded sides of IPMC. The output voltage across two electrode sides of IPMC for different taste samples of different concentration shows distinct voltage pattern and is measured in terms of potential difference across the Pt-electrode of IPMC. K-nearest neighbor classification approach of machine learning is useful for the identification of unknown taste agents. The average performance index of the developed machine learning model for the prediction of basic taste is 93.45%. Due to the nontoxic nature of IPMC, taste identification of different food contents would be feasible using this sensing technology.

Dynamics, Risk and Management Performance of Urban Real Estate Inventory in Yangtze River Delta

(1) Background: Inventory management is a key point in the achievement of the virtuous cycle and sustainable development of the real estate industry. In response to the practical needs of city-based policies, this paper constructs a new research approach of “evolution dynamics—risk analysis—performance evaluation—policy design” of real estate inventory, and conducts a case study on the Yangtze River Delta. (2) Methods: This paper studies the change characteristics, trends and spatial patterns of real estate inventory changes in the Yangtze River Delta based on Geographic Information System software, and quantitatively evaluates the risk level and management performance of real estate inventory by introducing the Boston Consulting Group Matrix for corporate management and the Super- Data Envelopment Analysis Model for operations research, providing a basis for policy design. (3) Results: First, the “destocking” policy has gained results to some extent and diversified the inventory evolution, thus alleviating or curbing the negative trend in most cities. Second, the real estate inventory in the Yangtze River Delta is divided into high, low, potential and zero pressure zones by risk levels, and the proportion of cities with increased, decreased and unchanged risk levels is essentially the same. Third, the average real estate inventory management performance index has been steadily improving, but overall, it is still unsatisfactory, with cities in an effective state accounting for 40% and below for a long time. Fourth, real estate inventory and its management performance both show significant spatial effects, with cold and hot spot cities characterized by a “center-periphery” spatial pattern in geographical distribution, and the cities in the study area are classified into four types: super-efficiency, efficiency, inefficiency, and super-inefficiency. Fifth, the real estate inventory in most cities is continuing to grow positively, and a small number of cities have been in the high-risk zone for a long time or become new members of the high-risk zone, making the government and enterprises still faced up with great pressure and challenges in inventory management with the risk level further increased but management performance growing slowly. (4) Conclusions: The study area is divided into four types of policy areas, that is, red key area, yellow important area, green auxiliary area, and path-dependent area, and suggestions for optimization are made from the perspectives of risk control, performance improvement, benchmarking recommendation, and redundancy governance, providing a basis for the government’s real estate inventory management policy design and the enterprise’s high-quality development decision.

Level of Service Evaluation of Pedestrian Facility in Tourism Area: Case Study Jalan Braga, Bandung

Jalan Braga is a modern tourist area located in the center of Bandung City with its strategic location and being in the middle of the city invites many visitors with various modes of transportation to pass through the road. The uniqueness of this street lies in its distinctive pedestrian street with Dutch heritage buildings and paintings made by the Bandung painting artist community, which affect the level of pedestrian service. This study was structured to evaluate the service level of existing Pedestrian Facilities referring to the Technical Planning Guidelines. The analytical method used is Index Performance Analysis by comparing the value of Performance and Interest in Pedestrian Facilities in the City of Bandung. The research results show that the average performance index is 4.40, the average interest index is 3.00, and the average GAP is 1.19. Most suggestions were obtained for increasing the comfort of the pedestrians and the availability of seating facilities.

Machine learning based prognostic model of Chinese medicine affecting the recurrence and metastasis of I-III stage colorectal cancer: A retrospective study in China.

To construct prognostic model of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and metastasis (R&M) with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) factors based on different machine learning (ML) methods. Aiming to offset the defects in the existing model lacking TCM factors. Patients with stage I-III CRC after radical resection were included as the model data set. The training set and the internal verification set were randomly divided at a ratio of 7: 3 by the "set aside method". The average performance index and 95% confidence interval of the model were calculated by repeating 100 tests. Eight factors were used as predictors of Western medicine. Two types of models were constructed by taking "whether to accept TCM intervention" and "different TCM syndrome types" as TCM predictors. The model was constructed by four ML methods: logistic regression, random forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and support vector machine (SVM). The predicted target was whether R&M would occur within 3 years and 5 years after radical surgery. The area under curve (AUC) value and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to evaluate accuracy and utility of the model. The model data set consisted of 558 patients, of which 317 received TCM intervention after radical resection. The model based on the four ML methods with the TCM factor of "whether to accept TCM intervention" showed good ability in predicting R&M within 3 years and 5 years (AUC value > 0.75), and XGBoost was the best method. The DCA indicated that when the R&M probability in patients was at a certain threshold, the models provided additional clinical benefits. When predicting the R&M probability within 3 years and 5 years in the model with TCM factors of "different TCM syndrome types", the four methods all showed certain predictive ability (AUC value > 0.70). With the exception of the model constructed by SVM, the other methods provided additional clinical benefits within a certain probability threshold. The prognostic model based on ML methods shows good accuracy and clinical utility. It can quantify the influence degree of TCM factors on R&M, and provide certain values for clinical decision-making.

Optimal population size of particle swarm optimization for photovoltaic systems under partial shading condition

&lt;span&gt;Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is the most widely used soft computing algorithm in photovoltaic systems to address partial shading conditions (PSC). The success of the PSO run heavily depends on the initial population size (NP). A higher NP increases the probability of a global peak (GP) solution, but at the expense of a longer convergence time. To find the optimal value of NP, a trade-off is typically made between a high success rate and a reasonable convergence time. The most used trade-off method is a trial-and-error approach that lacks explicit guidelines and empirical evidence from detailed analysis, which can affect data reproducibility when different systems are used. Hence, this study proposes an empirical trade-off method based on the performance index (PI) indicator, which takes into account the weighted importance of success rate and convergence time. Furthermore, the impact of NP on achieving a successful PSO was empirically investigated, with the PSO tested with 16 different NPs ranging from 3 to 50, and 10,000 independent runs on various PSC problems. Overall, this study found that the best NP to use was 25, which had the best average PI value of 0.9373 for solving all PSC problems under consideration.&lt;/span&gt;

Phosphorus acquisition strategies of wheat are related to biochar types added in cadmium-contaminated soil: Evidence from soil zymography and root morphology

Biochar application for the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils may result in a relative deficiency of phosphorus (P) due to the disruption of soil nutrient balance. However, the P acquisition strategies of plants in such situation are still unclear. In this study, analyses on soil zymography and root morphology were combined for the first time to investigate the effects of pristine and P-modified biochars from apple tree branches on the P acquisition strategies of wheat under Cd stress. The results show that the application of pristine biochar exacerbated the soil's relative P deficiency. Wheat was forced to improve foraging for P by forming longer and thinner roots (average diameter 0.284 mm) as well as releasing more phosphatase to promote P mobilization in the soil. Moreover, bioavailable Cd affected the P acquisition strategies of wheat through stimulating the release of phosphatase from roots. The P-modified biochar maintained high levels of Olsen-P (>100 mg kg−1) in the soil over time by slow release, avoiding the creation of relative P deficiency in the soil; and increased the average root diameter (0.338 mm) and growth performance index, which promoted shoot growth (length and biomass). Furthermore, the P-modified biochar reduced DTPA-extracted Cd concentration in soils by 79.8 % (pristine biochar by 26.9 %), and decreased the Cd translocation factor from root to shoot as well as Cd concentration in the shoots. Therefore, P-modified biochar has a great potential to regulate the soil element balance (carbon, nitrogen, and P), promote wheat growth, and remediate the Cd-contaminated soil.

Optimizing the solar-air hybrid source heat pump heating system based on the particle swarm algorithm

In order to deal with the increasingly severe energy situation and climate change, reducing global carbon emissions and developing new energy have become a universal consensus among countries in the world. The design of clean energy heating systems such as solar collectors (SC) and air source heat pumps (ASHP) has also received widespread attention. However, optimizing multiple parameters that interact with each other in the hybrid heating systems such as solar-air hybrid source heat pumps (HSHP) is still challenging, and the optimization of the parameters remains to be studied. By using the TRNSYS simulation platform, modify the performance parameters to decrease the system’s annual cost with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and coordinate search method (CSM), respectively. The results show that two algorithms can significantly enhance the system performance, where it is the easier for PSO to find global optimum, and the average performance index COPsys of the system is about 15% higher than that of the CSM, and the system’s annual power consumption could be lowered by 27.75%; In addition, the matching principle of the key parameters of the hybrid heating system is proposed and the sensitivity ranking of the optimized parameters is derived. These results offer theoretical foundations for optimal design of the solar-air HSHP heating system.

Treatment of Neglected Elbow Dislocations by Z-Lengthening of the Triceps Brachii

Introduction: Neglected elbow dislocations are much more common in developing and underdeveloped countries. The main reason for the delay in diagnosis is that patients initially seek treatment from traditional healers. These will immobilize the elbow in extension, which will lead to the retraction of the triceps muscle and collateral ligaments. Patients and Method: We carried out a prospective study over five years (2014-2019). The study involved patients with unreduced elbow dislocation older than 21 days. All patients with a dislocated fracture and those whose x-ray showed joint fusion were not included in the study. We collected 26 patients, 20 men and 6 women with an average age of 27.5 years (17 and 45 years). The average consultation time was 8.9 months (3 - 13). The approach was posterior about 8 cm above the olecranon and 2 cm below the olecranon, the ulnar nerve was identified and isolated. The triceps tendon was cut in a Z from its myotendin junction to the beak of the olecranon, and then lengthened. Results: The patients were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 24 months (12 - 36). The Mayo Clinic’s average elbow performance index was 77.1 (60 - 85), with 19 good and 6 average results. The mean flexion was 114° (100° - 135°) and the mean extension deficit was 31.15° (10° - 55°). The average range of motion was 82.5° (60° - 120°). We did not find a correlation between the duration of the lesion and functional recovery (p > 0.05). The Wilcoxon test showed that surgery significantly improved the overall range of motion of the elbow (p = 0.001). Discussion: Based on this study, open reduction with tendon lengthening should remain a treatment option regardless of the age and chronicity of the dislocation.

EFFECTS OF ENGLISH INSTRUCTION USING THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM CONCEPT TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILL OF GRADES 1 - 3 IN COVID-19 SITUATION

This research is conducted with Indonesian students. The objectives of the research were: (1 ) to develop and verify the efficiency of the Flipped Classroom Plan for Grades 1 - 3 ( 2 ) to examine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Plan for Grade 1 - 3 Students (3) To study the learning achievement of grades 1 - 3 students who studied using a flipped classroom learning activity plan in the situation of COVID-1 9 , the researcher used the research process in the first semester of the academic year. 2021 Data was collected between July and October 2021. Tools used include Plan to organize learning activities in a flipped classroom, 10 plans, 1 0 hours, with speaking skill assessment. Data were analysed using basic statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. average efficiency performance index Effectiveness Index and relative development scores. The results of the research on the effects of English instruction using the flipped classroom concept to develop speaking skill of Grades 1 - 3 in COVID-19 situation. The results of the research were summarized as follows.

The Development Of Learning Achievement In English Languages Of Grade6 Students In Covid-19 Situation By Applying The Flipped Classroom Concept Inverted

This research is conducted with Indonesian students. The objectives of the research were: (1) to develop and verify the efficiency of the Flipped Classroom Plan for Grade 6 (2) to examine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Plan for Grade 6 Students (3) To study the learning achievement of grade 6 students who studied using a flipped classroom learning activity plan in the situation of COVID-19, the researcher used the research process in the first semester of the academic year. 2021 Data was collected between June and October 2021. Tools used include Plan to organize learning activities in a flipped classroom, 4 plans, 10 hours, with pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. average efficiency performance index Effectiveness Index and relative development scores. The results of the research on the development of English language learning achievement of grade 6 students in the situation of COVID-19 by applying the concept of a reverse classroom. The results of the research were summarized as follows. 1. The results of the study of the assessment of the learning management plan by applying the flipped classroom concept to improve students' English learning achievement. Grade 6 in the situation of COVID-19 by experts the mean per plan ranged from 3.6 – 4.4 and the overall mean was 4.12, the standard deviation was 1.00. The results of the review of the efficiency of the Flipped Classroom Plan for grade 6 students were: The quality and appropriateness of each learning management plan were at the highest to the highest level, and the overview of the results The assessment of all learning management plans were at a high level (x̄= 4.12, S.D.=1.00) and the results of the plan's effectiveness was examined. The flipped classroom for students in grade 6 had a process efficiency value (E1) of 76.86, the efficiency of the result (E2) of 79.20, efficiency (E1/E2) of 76.86/79.20 high. then the set threshold is 75/75 2. The results of the study on the effectiveness index of the Flipped Classroom Plan for grade 6 students (N=30) found that the application of the Flipped Classroom concept was used to improve the results. The English language learning achievement of Grade 6 students in the COVID-19 situation with an overall average effectiveness index of 0.6648, indicating that the Flipped Classroom plan helped students achieve a hundred percent higher. 66.48 each 3. The results of a study of the learning achievement of gr 6 students who studied using the flipped classroom learning management plan in the situation of COVID-19 by analyzing the relative development scores. of achievement, the percentage of scores before school was 46.66, the percentage of scores after school was 79.22, and the percentage of development was 68.40. The overall developmental level result according to the criteria was high. They can be divided according to the following criteria: There are 3 people with very high development and 27 people with high development.

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF A BROILER CHICKEN FARMING BUSINESS IN A CLOSED HOUSE SYSTEM (Case Study At Ud. Pande In Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring Sub-District, Gianyar District)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study aims to determine the performance of production, the feasibility of financial and Break Even Point of broiler chicken with the closed house system. The research starting from February 2020 until March 2020 in UD. Pande located in Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency. This study used primary and secondary data. Variables observed in this study is the performance of production broiler chickens include: body weight, we- ight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), depletion and Performance Index (IP), as well as the feasibility of financial include: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit per Cost (Net B / C), Pay Back Period (PBP) and Break Even Point (BEP). The data research analyzed with quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research study show that the average harvesting age of broiler chickens is 34 days, the average harvest weight 1,880 kg, the average body weight gain 1,836 kg, the average FCR 1.583, the average depletion 3,82%, the average performance index 328,81. Based on the results of financial analysis, this farm produces NPV 103,772,930, IRR 16,35%, Net B/C 1.40, Pay Back Period within 0.37 years, BEP within 9.97 years, BEP of production live chickens of 132,600 kg/year, BEP, of the price of live chickens Rp. 14.924/kg. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the broiler chickens reared with the closed house partnership system are good and feasible to run.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;