Average Of Diastolic Blood Pressure Research Articles

Detection and characteristics of hypertension patients admitted in 37 cardiology departments from 17 Sub-Saharan African countries

Abstract Background High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for several common cardiovascular (CV) disease such as stroke, heart failure or chronic kidney disease. The Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) should face the highest rate of hypertension worldwide with an overall prevalence estimation of 46%. Due to scarce resources and inadequate healthcare provision, SSA have scarce hard data on treatment and control of high BP. Purpose To assess the detection and characteristics of hypertension patients admitted in hospitalizations 17 SSA countries Methods We conducted a transversal and longitudinal study in CV department of 37 hospitals from 23 cities in 17 SSA countries (10 low income: Niger, Guinea, Benin, Mali, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tchad, Burkina Faso, Togo, Burundi, Ethiopia and 7 middle income: Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Cameroon, Congo, Soudan, Mauritania, Gabon). The February study was designed by a multidisciplinary collaborative team of epidemiologists, pharmacists and cardiologists from Africa and France. This ongoing observatory included all inpatients in February from each year since 2016. Data including socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, causes of admission, clinical, biological, complementary examinations, treatments, length of stay and discharge diagnosis were collected by the investigating physicians. Hypertension and severity of hypertension were defined according to 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines and BP was measured twice using standardized method. All analyses were performed through scripts developed in the R software (4.0.3 (2020-10-10)) Results The study involved 4360 patients. Hypertension was measured on 1906 (43.7%) patients at admission. Proportion of patients with high BP in hospital increased from 42.2% in 2016 to 52.2% in 2021 (p<0.05) and differed significantly across countries from 77.6% in Niger to 100% in Chad. Among hypertensive patients, men represented 59.6% of patients and mean of age was 59±15.1 years. Overall, 61.4% of patients were from low income countries. The mains causes of admission among hypertensive patients were heart failure (37.8%) and stroke (18.9%). Average of systolic BP was 159±29.3 mmHg and average of diastolic BP was 96.7±16mmHg. Overall, 760 (40.3%), 525 (27.8%) and 602 (31.9%) had grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 hypertension respectively. History of CV disease was observed in 51.5% of patients. Thus, 70.4% of patients had at least one CV risk factor other than hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics was prescribed in 56.9% and 55.8% of patients respectively. The average amount of antihypertensive drugs prescribed in hospital was 2.09±1.18. Overall, 237 (12.4%), 295 (15.5%), 640 (33.6%) and 734 (38.5%) received respectively no drug, monotherapy, two-drug strategies and three and more drug strategies. Conclusion In patients admitted in cardiology departments, hypertension is a huge burden in SSA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Beats-to-Beats Estimation of Blood Pressure During Supine Cycling Exercise Using a Probabilistic Nonparametric Method

Blood pressure (BP) is an important clinical vital sign that varies from beat-to-beat. Nevertheless, these variations cannot be captured by the conventional cuff-based BP monitors. This study proposes and evaluates novel cuffless frameworks to continuously estimate the 10-beat averaged systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during dynamic exercise by fusing information from multiple biosensors using five machine learning algorithms. Over 100 thousand beats of data were collected from 62 subjects (aged 59 ± 10 years), each underwent a maximal exercise stress test. The average length of recording for each subject was 35 minutes. The BP ranges were 75-280 mmHg for SBP and 36-157 mmHg for DBP respectively. Multiple physiological parameters were measured continuously and used as inputs to five machine learning algorithms for estimating the 10-beat SBP and DBP averages before, during and after the cycling exercise. The mean absolute error (MAE) of Gaussian process regression (GPR) model was 4.8 mmHg and 3.4 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. The MAE of multiple linear regression (MLR), regression tree (RT), ensemble of trees (ETs), and support vector machine (SVM) models varied from 6.1 mmHg to 17.6 mmHg and from 4.0 mmHg to 9.7 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. The GPR model outperformed the other four models and showed promising results in estimating the 10-beat averages of both SBP and DBP without a cuff in a general elderly population under dynamic conditions.

The average of blood pressure and heart rate of man voley ball

This study was aimed to determine the difference between the average blood pressure and heart rate for men's voley ball team before and after the match. The research design used inferential analytical surveys with sample of 12 man voley ball team of the University of Timor (using the total sampling method). Collecting data was conducted by measure the respondent's blood pressure and heart rate before and after the voley ball match with the stipulation of 3 sets of wins. The tools used in this study to measure blood pressure is a stethoscope and OneMed Tensimeter Aneroid - Ash while the heart rate is measured using stop wacth. Analysis using paired T test statistics, the results obtained there is a significant difference in the average of systolic blood pressure before and after the match [129.17mmHg (SD: 10.84) vs 115.00mmHg (SD: 6.74), p value=0.004]. There is no significant difference in the average of diastolic blood pressure before and after the match [79.17mmHg (SD: 2.89) vs 79.17mmHg (SD: 6.69), p value=1.000]. There is no significant difference in the average of heart rate between before and after the match [82.75times/min (SD: 6.12) vs 83.58times/min (SD: 5.58), p value=0.632]. Warming up before the match is important so that it gives a good chance of adaptation to the body. It is recommended to the competition committee to prepare a first aid team for an accident. And to further researchers in order to add other variables that affect blood pressure and heart rate in sports.

Comparison between cardiovascular effects of adrenaline and phenylephrine associated with lidocaine and the effects of felypressin with prilocaine during intrabucal anesthesia in ASA I patients

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cardiovascular effects by infiltration of 1:100.000 epinephrine and 1:2.500 phenylephrine associated with 2% lidocaine compared with the effects by infiltration of 0.03 IU/ml felypressin with 3% prilocaine, during surgery of third molars in ASA I patients.METHODS: Eighteen patients were divided into two groups. In group I (GI), the effects of epinephrine vs felypressin were evaluated and in group II (GII), the effects of phenylephrine vs felypressin. Cardiovascular parameters: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SatO2) were measured in pre, trans and post-operative periods.RESULTS: Statistical analysis (T-TEST) on the cardiovascular parameters demonstrated with significance that, GI: felypressin presented HR average reduction in the postoperative period and SatO2 average reduction in trans and postoperative periods. For GII: felypressin presented SatO2 average reduction in the postoperative period; SBP averages for patients submitted to phenylephrine increased in trans and postoperative periods; and DBP averages for patients submitted to phenylephrine increased in pre and trans-operative periods.COCLUSION: We can conclude that phenylephrine may lead to increased SBP and DBP and felypressin generated a reduction in HR and SatO2. All these changes were well tolerated by ASA I patients.

The Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Various Physical Findings in Patients With COPD in a Pulmonology Service.

This interventional study was carried out to determine the effect of music therapy on anxiety and the various physical findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the pulmonary diseases service. Ninety-six patients (28 females, 68 males) of 114 adult patients who were hospitalized between November 10, 2013, and March 10, 2014, were included in the study. Ninety-six patients were separated in 3 groups. The data for the study were collected from a questionnaire form of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, a patient follow-up form, and the Beck Anxiety Scale. SPPS 11.5 was used for data analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used to determine whether the data showed normal distribution. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to determine the differences between mean anxiety scores on day 0, day 5, and day 15, and the differences in physiological findings on day 0, day 5, and day 15. There was a significant decrease in anxiety level average on day 5 (P ≤ .0001) and day 15 (P ≤ .0001) of the study in both the Western classical music and Turkish classical music groups compared with control group. There was also a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure averages in both music groups compared with control group (P ≤ .005). There was no significant difference in heart rates and respiration rate average between the Western classical music and Turkish classical music groups compared with the control group (P > .05).

Association Between Interleukin-18 Level and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Hypertensive Patients.

Background and ObjectivesIn clinical trials, hypertensive patients tend to have higher interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentrations than normotensive groups, but the relationship between IL-18 and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a marker of end-organ damage, is not well studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-18 and LVH in apparently healthy subjects free of clinically significant atherosclerotic disease.Subjects and MethodsWe enrolled 198 subjects (102 women and 96 men) between May 2006 and March 2007, who were free of cardiovascular or immune diseases, but were suspected to have hypertension. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed. Lipid profiles, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), IL-18, and whole blood cell counts were measured for all subjects.ResultsWhite blood cell count, hs-CRP, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and IL-18 were higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (p=0.045, p=0.004, p<0.0001, p=0.001, and p=0.017 respectively). Twenty-four hour day and night systolic and diastolic blood pressure averages were positively correlated with IL-18 level in the entire study population. In multivariate regression analysis, left ventricular mass index and hs-CRP level were independently associated with IL-18 level in both the hypertensive group and the entire study population (β=0.154, β=0.149 p=0.033, p=0.040 and β=0.151, β=0.155 p=0.036, p=0.032 respectively)ConclusionWe found that IL-18 level independently predicted LVMI in both the general population and in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.

Hypertension and arterial stiffness in heart transplantation patients

OBJECTIVES:Post-transplantation hypertension is prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and subsequent graft dysfunction. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with arterial stiffness as measured by the ambulatory arterial stiffness index.METHODS:The current study used a prospective, observational, analytical design to evaluate a group of adult heart transplantation patients. Arterial stiffness was obtained by monitoring ambulatory blood pressure and using the ambulatory arterial stiffness index as the surrogate outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to control confounding.RESULTS:In a group of 85 adult heart transplantation patients, hypertension was independently associated with arterial stiffness (OR 4.98, CI 95% 1.06-23.4) as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure averages and nighttime descent.CONCLUSIONS:Measurement of ambulatory arterial stiffness index is a new, non-invasive method that is easy to perform, may contribute to better defining arterial stiffness prognosis and is associated with hypertension.

Impacto de un mapa conversacional como estrategia educativa para mejorar el control metabólico de pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2

evaluar el impacto de un mapa de conversacional sobre Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ( dm 2). estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, cuasi experimental, comparativo, realizado en una unidad de salud de medicina familiar en febrero-agosto de 2011. Participaron voluntariamente 30 pacientes diabéticos que pertenecían a un grupo de ayuda mutua. Se efectuó una plática educativa interactiva utilizando el mapa conversacional “Comer sano y mantenerse activo”. Se evaluaron conocimientos e indicadores clínicos ( ic ), antropométricos ( ia ) y de laboratorio clínico ( ilc ), antes y después de la intervención educativa con un lapso de tres meses. se encontró impacto significativo en indicadores de glucosa (p = 0.01), cifra promedio de presión arterial diastólica (p = 0.009) y nivel de conocimientos (p = 0.001). las intervenciones educativas hacia los pacientes con dm 2 mejoraron significativamente los ia e ilc . Se confirma que la educación en las enfermedades crónicas como la dm 2 es imprescindible para mejorar el nivel de conocimientos y comprensión sobre la enfermedad, de esta manera se pueden desarrollar habilidades para efectuar cambios en el estilo de vida. to evaluate the impact of a conversational map about Diabetes mellitus type 2 ( dm 2). longitudinal, prospective, quasi-experimental, comparative study, made at a Family Medicine health Unit from February to August, 2011. 30 diabetic patients, who were part of a mutual help group, voluntarily participated. An interactive educational explanation was presented using the conversational map “Eat healthy and stay active”. It was assessed knowledge and clinical indicators ( ci ), anthropometric ( ai ) and clinical laboratory ( cli ), before and after the educational intervention with an interval of three months. an important impact was found in the glucose indicators (p = 0.01), an average of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) and level of knowledge (p = 0.001). educational interventions given to patients with dm 2 significantly improved the ai and cli . It is confirmed that education in chronic illnesses such as dm 2 is essential to improve the level of knowledge and understanding about the disease, so skills can be developed to make changes to their life style. Resumo avaliar o impacto de um mapa conversacional de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ( dm 2). estudo quasi-experimental longitudinal prospectivo comparativo, realizado numa unidade de saúde em medicina de família, de fevereiro a agosto de 2011. Voluntariamente participaram 30 pacientes diabéticos que pertenciam a um grupo de apoio. Uma palestra educativa interativa foi realizada utilizando o mapa conversacional “Comer saudável e permanecer ativo”. Conhecimento e indicadores clínicos ( ic ), antropométricos ( ia ) e Laboratório Clínico ( ilc ), antes e depois da intervenção educativa com um período de três meses foram avaliados. impacto significativo sobre os indicadores de glicose (p = 0.01), foi encontrada média de pressão arterial diastólica (p = 0.009) e nível de habilidade (p = 0.001). intervenções educativas para os pacientes com dm 2 melhoraram significativamente ia e ilc . Confirma-se que a educação em pacientes com doenças crônicas, como dm 2 é essencial para melhorar o nível de conhecimento e compreensão sobre a doença, para que possam desenvolver habilidades para promover mudanças no estilo de vida.

Prediction of hypertensive crisis based on average, variability and approximate entropy of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Approximate entropy (ApEn) of blood pressure (BP) can be easily measured based on software analysing 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), but the clinical value of this measure is unknown. In a prospective study we investigated whether ApEn of BP predicts, in addition to average and variability of BP, the risk of hypertensive crisis. In 57 patients with known hypertension we measured ApEn, average and variability of systolic and diastolic BP based on 24-h ABPM. Eight of these fifty-seven patients developed hypertensive crisis during follow-up (mean follow-up duration 726 days). In bivariate regression analysis, ApEn of systolic BP (P<0.01), average of systolic BP (P=0.02) and average of diastolic BP (P=0.03) were significant predictors of hypertensive crisis. The incidence rate ratio of hypertensive crisis was 14.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8, 631.5; P<0.01) for high ApEn of systolic BP as compared to low values. In multivariable regression analysis, ApEn of systolic (P=0.01) and average of diastolic BP (P<0.01) were independent predictors of hypertensive crisis. A combination of these two measures had a positive predictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 91%, respectively. ApEn, combined with other measures of 24-h ABPM, is a potentially powerful predictor of hypertensive crisis. If confirmed in independent samples, these findings have major clinical implications since measures predicting the risk of hypertensive crisis define patients requiring intensive follow-up and intensified therapy.

Reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure pattern in essential hypertension.

The reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure, measured by an automated non-invasive device at 7.5 minute intervals, was examined in 6 hypertensive patients in a quiet in-hospital environment. During a repeat study performed two weeks after the baseline monitoring period, the average 14-hour systolic blood pressure had changed significantly in 3 patients and the diastolic blood pressure in 2. If the day was divided into 12 consecutive 2-hour periods, systolic blood pressure averages during corresponding periods of the two studies correlated significantly in 3 of the 6 patients, and diastolic blood pressure averages in 5. After a third 24-hour monitoring period, carried out in 4 of the 6 patients, it was found that the baseline study correlated more strongly with the second repeat study than with the first, and that the correlations between the two latter studies were the strongest of all. Thus, even during relatively non-stimulatory conditions the 24-hour blood pressure is not constant in all patients; there is a tendency, however, towards greater reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure patterns as patients become more familiar with the monitoring procedure.