Average Number Of Nodes Research Articles

Embedded Highway Health Maintenance System Based on Digital Twin Superposition Model

INTRODUCTION: The highway monitoring data acquisition technology develops quickly. Based on the traditional form of continuous monitoring, intelligent management system focuses on digital and wireless transmission. In the operation of highway maintenance system, each system is independent of each other, lacking of effective connection. Moreover, the level of continuous monitoring is obviously backward, which restricts the development of highway health monitoring. It is necessary to further study the level of integration to achieve the real-time tracking and the monitoring of highway’s healthy development.
 OBJECTIVES: This paper presents a highway health maintenance system based on digital twin technology, which intends to provide a solution for efficient, stable and automatic data transmission of the highway operation and maintenance management.
 METHODS: The output of the algorithm after the noise reduction effect is compared with the data containing the generated noise. The average number of nodes is set before running the algorithm to determine the actual length of the vertical position of the embedded sensor (calculating the position of two sensor nodes). The vertical length can be referred to the combined noise level formed and the combined test to determine the position. With the help of the overall data, it can be seen that the Kalman low-pass filtering algorithm can well describe the trend of the received signal and retain the key information in the received signal.
 RESULTS: It proves that the algorithm in this paper has fast calculation speed and high efficiency, and the basic working principle is simple. Thus, it is a good data denoising solution.
 CONCLUSION: The output in the paper ensures the data exchange and the update of the whole life cycle of highway, defines the digital twin entity model, and provides a reference for the establishment of information and data network.

Theranostics of uterine leiomyoma: present and future

Research objectives: to develop an algorithm for predicting the growth of uterine fibrodis, taking into account the state of epigenetic regulation.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of clinical divisions of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2018–2021. 28 patients with uterine fibroids were examined. Expression of miRNA-29b and miRNA-146a in tumor tissue was determined in all women using real-time PCR. Obtained data were analyzed using the statistical program Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. The average age of the patients was 39.3 ± 1.0 years. The average number of nodes was 2.7 ± 0.4. The expression levels of microRNA-29b were most frequently determined in the range of 2–7 units and microRNA-146a in the range of 30–67 units in most of the examined tissue samples. The expression of miRNA-29b has the greatest significance for the growth forecast (Wald statistic). According to the logistic regression equation the prognostic factors are patient’s age, estradiol and progesterone level in the I and II phases of the menstrual cycle, diameter of the largest node, expression of miRNA-29b and miRNA-146a.Conclusions. This study shows that the use of miRNA expression profile as an additional marker in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids is promising and requires more detailed research. Further study of the correlation of clinical and paraclinical parameters can make it possible to predict the course of uterine fibroids, and therefore to apply an effective personalized treatment plan. Theranostics is a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients, based on the uniqueness of each person in order to choose the optimal treatment strategy against the background of the molecular genetic technologies, in particular to determine epigenetic changes in hyperproliferative diseases. The study of miRNA expression may find its place in the theranostics of uterine fibroids in the future.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE CHRYSANTHEMUM × KOREANUM HORT. CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION PROCESSES USING BACILLUS MEGATERIUM ONU500

The aim of this study was to improve the Chrysanthemum × Koreanum micropropagation processes using Bacillus megaterium ONU500 at the post-aseptic adaptation stage. Methods. At the initial stages of clonal micropropagation, two surface sterilization protocols with different fungicidal preparations were tested. The influence of the agar concentration in the medium on the development of explants was determined. At the ex vitro adaptation stage, the roots of the microclones were inoculated with bacteria of the strain B. megaterium ONU500. Results. The most effective protocol for plant material surface disinfection, which included quinozol and ethanol, was established. It was determined that the use of Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium supplemented with 0.4% agar at the stage of in vitro culture establishment increased the survival of chrysanthemum initial explants by 9.3% and accelerated proliferation by 1 day. It was found that inoculation of the chrysanthemum microclone rhizosphere with bacteria had a positive effect on the growth of adapted plantlets, increasing their survival rate by 20.4–22.2%, shoot height by 1.8–1.9 cm, and average number of nodes by 2.0–2.2 nodes. Conclusion. The effectiveness of the use of fungicides for the treatment of chrysanthemum plant material during in vitro culture establishment and the influence of the consistency of the nutrient medium on the development of explants were determined, which is new and relevant for increasing the efficiency of clonal micropropagation of this plant. Also, experiments on the inoculation of chrysanthemum microclones at the stage of ex vitro adaptation were carried out for the first time, and the positive effect of such inoculation on the morphometric characteristics of seedlings and their survival rate was shown. When establishing chrysanthemum explants in vitro, it is recommended to use the fungicide quinozol for surface sterilization, and carry out cultivation in a semi-liquid nutrient medium with 0.4% agar. At the postaseptic adaptation stage of microclones, it is advisable to inoculate the roots with bacteria of the strain B. megaterium ONU500 at concentrations of 108–109 CFU/ml.

Growth and biomass production of five exotic bamboo species in North-western Ethiopia

Forests provide goods and services and the demand for these has increased over the years. To meet this demand, reforestation using fast-growing species is crucial. Bamboo is amongst the fastest-growing plant species. Consequently, the Ministry of Agriculture/East Africa Bamboo Project and the European Union Energy Project/INBAR introduced twenty-three bamboo species to Ethiopia. This study assessed the growth and biomass production potential of five of these exotic bamboo species (Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa vulgaris and Guadua amplexifolia). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Nine seedlings of each species were planted per plot using two meters spacing between and within rows. Sprouted culms per clump, culm length, culm diameter at breast height (DBH), average number of nodes and internode length per culm were measured. At age of 3½ years after planting, one clump of each species per plot in each block was uprooted and sorted into different components (rhizome, culm, branch and leaves). The fresh weight of each component was measured and sub-samples were taken to dry to constant weight. One-way ANOVA and then Tukey's test were used to find significantly different group means. The growth performance, in terms of culm production, culm height, internode length and biomass production, of the species was significantly different. D. asper and D. hamiltonii had superior growth and biomass production. We therefore recommend planting these two species in Guangua district and other similar areas where they can enhance the livelihoods of the communities.

Eficiencia de diferentes tipos de inoculantes en el cultivo de soja

The inoculation of Bradyrhizobium specific for the soybean crop is an indispensable practice in the cultivation of this leguminous plant. In this study, traditional inoculation via seed was chosen. The experiment was carried out in a soil classified as red oxisol with medium texture in a completely randomized design (DIC), with 4 treatments and 7 repetitions. Each experimental unit was comprised of a 1m² plot, and the treatments analyzed were: Liquid inoculant (T1); Peat inoculant (T2); Liquid + peat inoculant (T3) and no inoculant (T4). The objective proposed in this study was to verify the need to use inoculants in soybean planting in areas where the crop has been cultivated for more than six years. According to the F test, there was a significant difference between the treatments, with T3 standing from among the others for root length, number of nodules and nitrogen concentration on the leaf. T2, although inferior to T3, showed better results than treatments T1 and T4. In the experimental conditions using the Brasmax Bônus8579IPRO cultivar, there was a significant difference in the use of the products, with emphasis on the liquid inoculation + peat (T3), presenting a higher frequency concentration in the plant leaf, obtaining an even greater number of nodules and root length. As the value of the F statistic for the variables average root length, average number of nodes and average leaf transmit nitrogen content exceeds the critical value at the 1% probability level (4.72), they are represented at this level (P < 0 ,01). As the calculated F values were greater than the tabulated F values for the three analyzed variables, we rejected the null hypothesis (H0), and concluded that the determining variables have different effects. Therefore, we can conclude that the most recommended for inoculation would be the use both products.

Combinatorial topology and geometry of fracture networks.

A map is proposed from the space of planar surface fracture networks to a four-parameter mathematical space, summarizing the average topological connectivity and geometrical properties of a network idealized as a convex polygonal mesh. The four parameters are identified as the average number of nodes and edges, the angular defect with respect to regular polygons, and the isoperimetric ratio. The map serves as a low-dimensional signature of the fracture network and is visually presented as a pair of three-dimensional graphs. A systematic study is made of a wide collection of real crack networks for various materials, collected from different sources. To identify the characteristics of the real materials, several well-known mathematical models of convex polygonal networks are presented and worked out. These geometric models may correspond to different physical fracturing processes. The proposed map is shown to be discriminative, and the points corresponding to materials of similar properties are found to form closely spaced groups in the parameter space. Results for the real and simulated systems are compared in an attempt to identify crack networks of unknown materials.

Microscopic Analysis of the Plumulaceous Feather Characteristics of Cathartiformes and Accipitriformes in North America

ABSTRACT Although variation in microscopic plumulaceous (downy) feather characters is known to be useful in taxonomic identifications of birds, the conserved characters unique to most avian orders remain understudied. We examined plumulaceous feather characters (morphometric and observed pigmentation patterns [qualitative]) within three avian families (Cathartidae, Pandionidae, Accipitridae) occurring in North America that often require taxonomic identification based on incomplete or fragmentary remains. We found significant quantitative differences among these three families for measurements of barbule length, node width, average number of nodes per barbule, and internode length. We observed additional differences in pigmentation patterns and spine distribution at nodes. Differences in pigment patterns and intensity are diagnostic for distinguishing Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) from Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) within Cathartidae. Further observed differences of a higher percentage of spined structures present at node junctions along the length of barbules are diagnostic of Pandionidae. Within Accipitridae, pigmentation patterns and pigment intensity separate Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) and White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) from all other taxa; and barbule length, together with average nodes per barbule is unique to Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius) in the families examined in this study. Although significant differences in a combination of microscopic feather characters among species were seldom observed in this study, family level differences were consistently documented. Results support the use of a suite of microscopic characters in combination with macroscopic feather features, geographic distributions, molecular methods, and other circumstantial evidence to aid in the identification of species of birds from feathers.

The basis of easy controllability in Boolean networks

Effective control of biological systems can often be achieved through the control of a surprisingly small number of distinct variables. We bring clarity to such results using the formalism of Boolean dynamical networks, analyzing the effectiveness of external control in selecting a desired final state when that state is among the original attractors of the dynamics. Analyzing 49 existing biological network models, we find strong numerical evidence that the average number of nodes that must be forced scales logarithmically with the number of original attractors. This suggests that biological networks may be typically easy to control even when the number of interacting components is large. We provide a theoretical explanation of the scaling by separating controlling nodes into three types: those that act as inputs, those that distinguish among attractors, and any remaining nodes. We further identify characteristics of dynamics that can invalidate this scaling, and speculate about how this relates more broadly to non-biological systems.

Phenotypic diversity of garden peas for ecological agricultural production

The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic diversity in 57 pea accessions determined by conventional CPVO descriptors. The study was conducted in the period 2019-2020 under irrigation conditions in the experimental field of the Maritsa Vegetable Crop Research Institute (MVCRI), Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Based on the analysis, the studied materials of peas do not have anthocyanin coloration; the majority of plants are medium tall with an average number of nodes up to and including the first fertile node; with green colour foliage; common leaf type; flecking stipules; white flowers and two pods per node. The pods are green, short and medium long with a medium width and the presence of a parchment; blunt shape of distal part (blunt ending); an average number of ovules from which develop an average of five light to dark green grains. Five groups of peas were differentiated according to the time of flowering according to CPVO-TQ / 007/2. The hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify the similarity and proximity of the garden pea accessions, and are grouped into two main clusters - A and B. The cluster B was the smallest and only genotype FR Ofe was involved in it with the highest values of the pod length and grains number per pod. Group "A" was divided into two subgroups: "A2" with genotype IZK-12, which differs in productivity expressed by the number and weight of pods and the weight of grains from a plant and subcluster "A1" with all other plant genotypes.

Farmer Dissemination of Seeds (FDS) Deployment Method Applied to Simulated Leach Protocol

Recent communication technologies in the Wireless Sensor Networks WSN enable us to implement and construct various physical sensing nodes with electronic circuits for transmitting and receiving tasks. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy LEACH is a well-known routing protocol used and implemented in researches and articles; also, there are various attempts from the researchers to modify it to achieve the best results. Since almost all of the articles considered deployment either predefined or randomly depleted for the whole reign of interest RoI. A sophisticated random node deployment method is proposed, named Farmer Disseminating the Seeds FDS, the farmer walks with almost uniform steps and parallel lines to cover the whole RoI. A formation of a uniform grid with deviated random local distances from grid crossings considered as a predefined number of normal nodes with one advance node that has double battery energy. FDS is used to improve the importance of deployment methods as an additive parameter in estimating lifetime and energy consumption in routing protocols. Traditional random deployment and FDS methods are compared.

CT features predictive of nodal positivity at surgery in pancreatic cancer patients following neoadjuvant therapy in the setting of dual energy CT.

Evaluate utility of dual energy CT iodine material density images to identify preoperatively nodal positivity in pancreatic cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. This IRB approved retrospective study evaluated 62 patients between 2012 and 2016 with proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, who underwent neoadjuvant therapy, tumor resection and both baseline and preoperative assessment with pancreatic multiphasic rapid switching dual energy CT. Three radiologists in consensus identified on imaging nodes > 0.5cm in short axis, evaluated nodal morphology, size and on each phase density in HU, and concentrations on iodine material density images normalized to the aorta. Of 62 patients, 33 were N0, 20 N1, and 9 N2. Total of 145 lymph nodes were evaluated, with average number of nodes per anatomic site ranging from 1.3 (body tumors) to 5 (uncinate) versus average of 24 and 30 nodes recovered respectively at surgery. Most (N = 44) were pancreatic head tumors. For all patients, regardless of site of primary tumor, the minimum measured iodine value of all of a patient's measured nodes taken as a group on preoperative studies, as normalized to the aorta, was significant at P = 0.041 value in differentiating N0 from N1/2 and ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.67. With a cutoff of 0.2857, sensitivity was 0.78 and specificity was 0.58, with values < 0.2857 indicative of N1/2. Node morphology and changes in nodal size weren't statistically significant. The dual energy based minimum normalized iodine value of all nodes in the surgical field on preoperative studies has modest utility in differentiating N0 from N1/2, and generally outperformed conventional features for identifying nodal metastases.

Average measures in polymer graphs

We introduce polymer graphs, a class of fast-growing networks endowed with a designated hook. We study the structure of these polymer graphs by investigating numerous average measures such as the average number of nodes of the smallest degree, the average depth of a randomly chosen node, the average degree in the graph, the average order of the sub-polymer graphs hooked into the nodes, the average eccentricity of nodes, and the average diameter of the polymer graph. The construction of polymer graphs presented here relates to the step-growth polymerization.

Security explorations for routing attacks in low power networks on internet of things

The routing protocol for low power and lossy networks works as an effective method for communication in Contiki. However, many security attacks exist in RPL. These attacks affect the traffic or energy of the network. This paper focused on the persistent explorations of Contiki-based IoT networks to examine the effect of three well-known security attacks that exist on RPL. The RPL security attacks are named as: hello flood attack, decreased rank attack and increased version attack. The impact of these security attacks has been evaluated for scalability, energy efficiency and destination-oriented directed acyclic graph construction over simulated IoT networks in Contiki. All three aforesaid attacks are found to be responsible for affecting the DODAG construction, rising the network traffic and power consumption in one way or the other. To investigate the impact of attacks particularly on the scalability, the simulations are accomplished using eight different scenarios. It is found that the throughput of the network increases with the rise in the number of normal nodes (N) up to a critical point, at which N has optimum value. It is found that at N = 40, the critical point appears for many categories in different attacks. Like, “resdm” and “resem” categories possess this critical point through hello flood attack. Similarly, the “rdsdm” category has maximum throughput at N = 40 through increased version attack. Likewise, the decreased rank attack brought this critical point at N = 40 for categories “rdsem” and “resem”. The simulation results show that regardless of the attacks “rese” and “rdse” categories produce more throughput than “resd” and “rdsd” categories. This work also demonstrates the effect of the size of heterogenous packets on multiple throughput metrics.

Learning-Automata-Based Confident Information Coverage Barriers for Smart Ocean Internet of Things

As an emerging network paradigm, the Internet of Things (IoT) which consists of a significant number of multifunctional and heterogeneous IoT nodes has attracted dramatic attentions from both academia and industry. With the merits of intelligent capacity, desirable scalability, and high reliability, the IoT recently has been applied for smart ocean applications to provide protection for ocean environment monitoring and surveillance. Aiming to provide coverage service for ocean border environmental surveillance, this article studies the barrier coverage problem which investigates how to select a collection of IoT nodes to obtain an IoT node chain and build barrier paths to detect intruders and trespassers crossing the border region of interest. To overcome the disadvantages in the existing works on barrier coverage, we adopt a novel and widely adopted confident information coverage (CIC) model as the fundamental coverage model and formulate the CIC barrier path construction (CICBC) problem with the goals of maximizing the number of barrier paths and minimizing the amount of IoT nodes in each barrier path. We propose a distributed CIC barrier path (CICBP) construction approach based on learning automata (CBLA). The CBLA includes four crucial phases which are initialization phase, learning phase, monitoring phase, and repairing phase. Each IoT node equips a learning automaton. CBLA selects an optimal IoT node to construct the barrier path by learning. The simulation results show that the performance of the CBLA algorithm outperforms two peer algorithms in terms of the number of barrier paths and the average number of nodes in each barrier path.

Interactive Effects of Fertigation and Varieties on Pant Growth Attributes and Yield of Soilless Cucumbers

A study was undertaken to monitor the plant growth attributes and yield of soilless cucumbers (V1: Kafka, V2: Multistar and V3: PBRK-4) in relation to differential fertigation scenarios (F1: 100%, F2: 85% and F3: 70% of nutrient solution under optimal microclimatic conditions) during two successive growing seasons of 2016-17 (Season 1: September 2016 to January 2017 and Season 2: February to May 2017). The yield of cucumbers was significantly affected by fertigation treatments in interaction with crop varieties. The plant growth attributes viz. plant height, number of nodes per plant, leaf area index (LAI), plant intermodal distance, fruit water content (FWC) and others in association affected the yield. Irrespective of the growing seasons, the average fruit yield was recorded to be in the range of 2.5-3.5 kg per plant with having highest and lowest values under F1V2 and F3V3 respectively, in relation to plant height, number of nodes per plant and inter-nodal distance per plant per variety. Among crop varieties, the highest yield was recorded under V2, chiefly due to larger intermodal distance and FWC for same average number of nodes per plant and plant height. Thus, monitoring plant growth attributes is essentially required for better understanding of their relationship with the fruit yield.

Investigating the Response to Meristem Culture of Four Regional Sweetpotato Varieties in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

In the Western highlands of Cameroon where sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an inevitable staple crop during the dry season, farmers cherish local which are presently under the risk of extinction due to accumulation of pest and diseases. Guaranteeing sustainable Sweetpotato production in this region therefore requires providing farmers with disease free planting materials such as tissue cultures. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of introducing disease free planting materials from meristem culture of EX-KOLB, EX-GUZANG2, EX-WIDIKUM3 and EX-NKAMBE1 which are four regional sweetpotato varieties common in the Western highlands of Cameroon. Test tubes containing growing media and meristems from each of the varieties were labeled and laid out in a completely randomized experimental design (CRD) with four replications and four treatments. Data on the number of sprouted meristems, number of rooted meristems, number of meristems contaminated, number of meristems that died, average heights of developed plants, average number of nodes on the developed plants, and average number of leaves on the developed plants was collected over a period of 8 weeks at 2 weeks interval. Meristems from all the landraces sprouted in the media used and the differences in the mean number of sprouted meristem between the landraces were significant (P&amp;lt;0.05). EX-GUZANG2 gave the highest mean of sprouted meristems of (2.75) and EX-WIDIKUM3 the lowest (0.75). According to ANOVA response of meristems from the four landraces to the media used differed significantly only in number sprouted, number of contaminated and number dead meristems as well as number of nodes(P&amp;lt;0.05). No significant differences were observed with number of contaminated and dead meristems, rooting as well plant height, number of leaves and nodes formed(P&amp;gt;0.05).This genotype-dependent response to media used for in vitro regeneration by plants has been observed by many studies. However meristems from EX-GUZANG2 and EX-KOLB showed greater positive respond to this media and merit further studies for the purpose of this experiment.

Shells structure in uncorrelated scale-free networks

We study structure of shells in uncorrelated scale-free networks. Using probabilistic arguments, we obtain explicit expression for the distance distribution (i.e., average number of nodes at the ℓ-th shell) for different ranges of the degree exponent γ. To overcome the analytical difficulties when 2<γ<3, we show that the heterogeneous network can be approximated by a disassortative ordered network, and the average degree of neighbors of a node must depends on shells. We also deduce the mean distance between nodes, 〈ℓ〉, as the distance at which distance distribution is maximum. Taking number of nodes large, we retrieve the known scaling forms for the different ranges of γ, mainly the small-world and the ultra-small world behaviors. Very good accordance with simulations is also found. The expressions of 〈ℓ〉 involve all the network’s parameters, and can be used as good approximations of mean distance in real-world problems.

Reliable white list management technique for warned nodes in MANET

Mobile adhoc networks are widely used in many applications. One of the challenges in MANET is the security. Providing authentication is one of the primary principles of network security. Digital certificates are distributed to the nodes in the networks. Certificates are revoked from misbehaving nodes. In the previous papers the nodes are inserted in black list and white list based on voting and non-voting based mechanism. The nodes in the white list are deprived of accusing the malicious nodes in the network. To enhance reliability, we remove the warned nodes from the white list and make them eligible to accuse other nodes using threshold value calculated by a certificate authority and trust-based mechanism. Increased number of normal nodes in the network has been achieved with whitelist management technique using network simulator-2.

PS01.158: WHAT IS THE IDEAL RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR TYPE 2 GEJ TUMOURS—ESOPHAGOGASTROSTOMY OR ESOPHAGOJEJUNOSTOMY

Abstract Background In the management of OG junction tumors the border issue arises in type 2 cancers. It can be managed with various options like esophago gastrectomy (Ivor Lewis), transabdominal extended transhiatal gastrectomy or total esophago gastrectomy depends upon the extent strectomy of the tumor above and below. After resection the reconstruction can be either with stomach or jejunum or colon. However the functional result after either of these procedures varies. The aim of this study is to know the functional outcome of different reconstruction methods after esophagogastrectomy for locally advanced Type 2 OG junction tumours. Methods 148 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for OG junction tumors in the last 6 years were evaluated. Of them 62 locally advanced type2 OG junction tumors were included in our study. 26 underwent Ivor Levis procedure with gastric replacement. 36 underwent extended transhiatal gastrectomy with esophago jejunal anastamosis. Intra operative details like pyloroplasty, Operative time, blood loss, the distal margin, nodal clearance was noted. The functional outcome since immediate postoperative period to 1 year of follow up is reviewed retrospectively and prospectively in few cases. Results There is no significant difference in operating time, blood loss. Two patients with Partial gastrectomy had positive distal margin even though it is not statistically significant. The average number of nodes harvested is higher with total gastrectomy group with jejunal anastamosis and it is statistically significant between 2 groups (P &lt; 0.05).The GERD is more with gastric conduit when compared to Jejunal reconstruction but the weight loss is more with jejunal reconstruction when compared with gastric reconstruction. Conclusion The functional outcome and oncological outcome are superior with jejunal reconstruction after total gastrectomy when compared with gastric reconstruction after Ivor Lewis procedure. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Effect of sunlight and artificial light on micropropagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets

Fluorescent lamps (artificial light) and sunlight were used as lighting source in present study to identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory. In vitro regenerated nodal segments of the cardinal variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were inoculated in MS medium without any growth regulator for shoot and root development. After 30 days of culture in an average temperature at 21.94±0.21°C, relative humidity 39.35±0.75%, various morphological responses i.e. plantlet height, diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, inter node distance, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight of plantlets , number of root, length of root, growth rate etc. were recorded. The average light intensity at sunlight and artificial treatment was observed at 4805.5±326.54 lux and 3484±84.44 lux, respectively. All the growth factors performed better result in sunlight treatment than those of artificial one except average number of nodes and leaves. The average height of plantlet at sunlight was 53.33±3.32 mm which was greater than that of artificial light 51.67±2.15 mm. Fresh weight and dry weight are two important morphological factors for plantlet and in case of fresh weight that was always greater 0.49±0.097 in sunlighted plantlet and 0.21±0.026 in artificial one. In case of dry weight the average weight 0.08±0.016 was greater in sunlighted plantlet than that of 0.03±0.004 in artificial one. Number of roots, root length and growth rate of the plantlets observed higher in sunlighted plantlets compared to artificial light. Moreover, the sunlighted plantlets were healthier, vigorous and strong which helped plants to establish in net house easily. Considering the cost of electricity consumption, from a laboratory area of 20.47 m2 BD Taka 63% could be saved in each month by using sunlight. As low cost options of energy saving in tissue culture laboratory using sunlight would be feasible and environmentally friendly technology for commercial point of view in Bangladesh.