Average Flow Rate Research Articles

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SARATA

The purpose of research: to determine the costs, chemical composition, mineralization and the state of water pollution of the small Sarata River according to ecological and sanitary criteria, specific substances of toxic action, to assess the suitability of water for irrigation according to irrigation indicators. Data and Methods. Research methods are based on systemic analysis and general principles of objectivity, causality, relevance and evolution. Of the traditional general scientific methods, observation, analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, generalization and abstraction, methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory are used. Formation of environmental information databases and mathematical processing of research results were carried out in Microsoft Excel, Costat, Statistic. by systematization and evaluation of the received information by tabular and graphic methods, dispersion analysis performed on a personal computer using a standard program package. Parallel statistical series of chemical analysis data contained up to 120 values for 1946–2018. Results. According to research, the width of the river Sarata in the village. Sarata varied from 0.6 to 31.9 m with an average value of 11.35 m. The average depth of river water varied from 3 to 279 cm at the greatest depth – from 7 to 346 cm. The cross-sectional area of the river water flow varied from 0.02 up to 72.9 m2 with an average value of 8.26 m2. The average water flow rate varied from 0.01 to 0.92 m/s with an average long-term value of 0.25 m/s. The maximum water flow velocities of the river varied from 0.01 to 1.29 m/s. The measured water flow rates during this period varied from 0.002 to 107 m3/s. According to the arithmetic mean values of the mineralization of the water of the Sarata river in 1953–2017 belonged to the brackish β-mesogaline 2nd class, 3 quality categories. According to the ecological quality assessment, the water of Sarata was polluted with components of salt composition chlorides and sulfates, biogenic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, organic substances, heavy metals (iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, etc.), oil products, SPAR, phenols. The calculated pollution index of river water belongs to the 6th class dirty in terms of tropho-saprobiological indicators. According to most irrigation assessment methods and the state standard of Ukraine for irrigation water, the river runoff is not suitable for soil irrigation, requires reduction of alkalinity, saturation with calcium salts and dilution with fresh water.

Quantifying Brownian motion in the presence of simple shear flow with particle diffusometry.

Particle diffusometry, a technology derived from particle image velocimetry, quantifies the Brownian motion of particles suspended in a quiescent solution by computing the diffusion coefficient. Particle diffusometry has been used for pathogen detection by measuring the change in solution viscosity due to amplified DNA from a specific gene target. However, particle diffusometry fails to calculate accurate measurements at elevated temperatures and fluid flow. Therefore, these two current limitations hinder the potential application where particle diffusometry can further be used. In this work, we expanded the usability of particle diffusometry to be applied to fluid samples with simple shear flow and at various temperatures. A range of diffusion coefficient videos is created to simulate the Brownian motion of particles under flow and temperature conditions. Our updated particle diffusometry analysis forms a correction equation under three different polynomial degrees of shear flow with varying flow rates and temperatures between 25 and 65°C. An experiment in a channel with a rectangular cross section using a syringe pump to generate a constant flow is done to analyze the modified algorithm. In simulation analysis, the modified algorithm successfully computes the diffusion coefficients with 10% error for an average flow rate of up to 8 on all three flow types. Complementary experiments confirm the simulation results.

Thermodynamic and Heat Transfer Performance of the Organic Triangle Cycle

Compared to the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), the organic triangle cycle (TC) is simpler in structure and is not limited by pinch point temperature differences. TC has been studied to some extent by previous researchers, such as the selection of working fluid, application, and the design of the expander. However, system optimization and parameter analysis of TC are still rare. The thermodynamic performance of TC internal circulation and TC heat recovery systems are investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, respectively. The results indicate that the expander inlet temperature T3 and heater inlet temperature T2 are key elements impacting the thermodynamic performance of the TC internal circulation. For the TC heat recovery system, an optimal value of the average heat-capacity flow rate of working fluid Cwf is discovered to output the maximum net power output Wnet. Moreover, the total heat transfer coefficients for the heater (kA)h and condenser (kA)c are discussed in relation to Cwf variations. The findings will provide critical guidance for system investment and optimization.

Oral Feeding on High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis.

Oral feeding by children with bronchiolitis on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is questioned, resulting in high practice variability. Our objective was to determine the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and adverse feeding events in otherwise healthy children with bronchiolitis on HFNC who fed orally from admission. We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review, in a tertiary children's hospital, of 876 children who were <24 months old, admitted for bronchiolitis, and treated with HFNC in the pediatric ward from March 2017 to May 2020. Primary outcomes included the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and adverse feeding events. Secondary outcomes included escalation of care, frequency and duration of nil per os status, length of stay, and 7-day readmission. Most patients (77.2%) met inclusion criteria and were fed orally within 2 hours of admission. The average maximum HFNC flow rate was 8 L/min (1 L/kg/min); the average maximum respiratory rate was 62 ± 10. Adverse feeding events occurred in 11 patients (1.6%), of which 3 had a concern for possible microaspiration. None were diagnosed with or treated for aspiration pneumonia. Few patients (8.1%) were made nil per os while on HFNC but returned to oral feeding by discharge. Among those with bronchiolitis on HFNC who received oral nutrition on admission, there were few incidences of adverse feeding events and no diagnoses of aspiration pneumonia, suggesting that oral feeding while on HFNC can be well-tolerated in similar populations. However, this study was limited by its single-center retrospective design, and future prospective studies are needed.

Fluids flow in granular aggregate packings reconstructed by high-energy X-ray computed tomography and lattice Boltzmann method

Properties of fluids flow in granular aggregates are important for the design of pervious infrastructures used to alleviate urban water-logging problems. Here in this work, five groups of aggregates packing with similar average porosities but varying particle sizes were scanned by a high-energy X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) facility. The structures of the packings were reconstructed. Porosities were calculated and compared with those measured by the volume and mass of infilled water in the packing. Then pore networks were extracted and analyzed. Simulations of fluids flow in the packings were performed by using a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with BGK (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) collision model in the pore-network domain of the packings. Results showed wall effect on the porosity of aggregates packing was significant and the influence increased with the aggregate sizes. In addition, Poisson law and power law can be used to fit the coordination number and coordination volume of the packing's pore network, respectively. Moreover, the mass flow rates of fluids in the aggregates were affected by the porosities. On the two-dimensional slices, the mass flow rate decreased when the slice porosity increased. But for the three-dimensional blocks, the average mass flow rate increased with the volume porosity. And the permeability of the aggregates packing showed correlating change trend with the average pore diameter and fitting parameters of coordination volumes, when the sizes of aggregates changed. Though the limitation of merging interfaces causing fluctuation and discontinuity on micro parameters of fluid flow existed, the methods and results here may provide knowledge and insights for numerical simulations and optimal design of aggregate-based materials.

Interactive Effect of Salivary Protein Carbonyl, Total Glutathione, pH, and Flow Rate on Root Caries Severity: A Case-Control Study.

Oxidant and antioxidant components in saliva play an essential role in caries development. The purpose of the current study was to disclose the interactive effect of salivary protein carbonyl (PC), total glutathione (GSH), pH, and flow rate on root caries severity. The control and study groups consisted of 90 older adults of both genders classified into six groups: normal salivary flow rate with no root caries (control), normal salivary flow rate with incipient root caries, normal salivary flow rate with shallow root caries, hyposalivation with no root caries, hyposalivation with incipient root caries, and hyposalivation with shallow root caries. Each group consisted of 15 older adults. The study participants were selected from those patients who attended the teaching hospital at the College of the Dentistry/University of Baghdad and fit the study's criteria. Unstimulated saliva was collected. Both salivary pH and flow rate were determined immediately. After that, saliva was subjected to biochemical analysis to determine PC and total GSH levels colorimetrically. Root surface caries was diagnosed clinically using the Root Caries Index. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way univariate analysis of variance, two-way multivariate analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (α = 5%). Salivary total glutathione revealed a significant interactive effect with salivary flow rate and root decay severity. Levels of salivary total GSH were significantly higher in subjects with shallow root caries than those with incipient root caries; no root caries levels of salivary PC were significantly high in the hyposalivation group, but no correlation with caries severity was found. High root caries severity was found to be associated with reduced salivary pH and flow rate. A significant interactive effect was recorded for salivary flow rate, pH, and total GSH on root caries severity except for salivary PC.

Transobturator tape surgery experience: Urodynamic evaluation of 220 patients in a single tertiary center in Turkey

Background/Aim. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary leakage of urine after increased intraabdominal pressure, and it causes a significant public health problem by reducing the quality of life, causing sexual dysfunction, and increasing the cost of care due to in-creased morbidity. The aim of the study was to investigate the intra? and postoperative results and complication rates of the transobturator tape (TOT) procedures used for SUI treatments in a tertiary center located in central Turkey. Methods. This prospective study analyzed a total of 220 patients undergoing TOT procedures for SUI. The demo-graphic and clinical characteristics, preoperative and post-operative cystometry values, and operative outcome parameters of the study participants were analyzed. Results. While no significant difference was noted between the preoperative and postoperative periods with respect to residual volume (27.09 ? 8.51 mL vs. 26.01 ? 3.51 mL, p = 0.125), there were significant differences in terms of the first urinary urge (142.61 ? 20.25 mL vs. 145.64 ? 20.91 mL, p &lt; 0.001), maximum bladder capacity (423.70 ? 38.43 mL vs. 402.32 ? 39.46 mL, p &lt; 0.001), the Q-tip angle (45.54 ? 5.330 vs. 43.81 ? 6.150, p = 0.001), the maxi-mum flow rate (37.65 ? 11.54 mL/s vs. 24.38 ? 9.26 mL/s, p &lt; 0.001), average flow rate (19.92 ? 9.64 mL/s vs. 14.77 ? 8.71 mL/s, p &lt; 0.001), the number of urinations in the daytime (7.29 ? 1.35 vs. 6.58 ? 1.29, p &lt; 0.001), and the number of urinations at nighttime (1.48 ? 1.01 vs. 0.92 ? 0.83, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion. The TOT procedure im-proves the quality of life of SUI patients and can reduce morbidity. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to corroborate our findings and determine the long-term effects.

Ensuring conditions for the squeezed fluid flowing from the skin along the conveyor of the technological machine

The conditions for the free flow of the squeezed fluid from a wet semi-finished product along an inclined feed conveyor are studied in the article. The condition of fluid flow against the movement of the feed conveyor is determined. The average rate of fluid flow along the conveyor is determined depending on the thickness of the fluid layer. The dependence of the angle of fluid flow off on the lifting angle and inclination angle of the feed conveyor is determined analytically. The results obtained in the study contribute to the choice of geometric parameters of the transporting device, taking into account its rational lifting angle and inclination angle. Using a numerical method, a graph of the dependence of the angle of the fluid flow along the conveyor on its lifting angle and inclination angle was obtained.

Ecological and engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures of the Crimea

The article studies the territorial features of the formation of a dangerous process - mudflows. The factors of mudflow hazard formation are described, the classification and characteristics of mudflows formed in the Crimea are given. The methods of studying mudflows are considered, the parameters of the mudflow are calculated on the example of the Shelen River, on the basis of which options for the reconstruction of existing mudflow protection structures are proposed. The purpose of the article is to substantiate environmental engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures in mudflow-prone Crimean river basins. The object of research is the basin of the Shelen River typical for the South-Eastern rural area. The purpose of the research is to substantiate technical solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures in the Shelen River basin. Research objectives: to study the conditions for the formation of Crimean mudflows, the history of research and classification; consider existing methods for studying mudflow hazard and calculation methods for determining the parameters of mudflows; to characterize the current state of anti-mudflow structures on the example of the Shelen river basin; justify decisions on the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures and develop recommendations for their restoration. In the article, on the basis of field studies, hydrological flood flow rates, annual runoff volumes, water flow rates and volumes in years of different water content and average monthly water flow rates using the Shelen River basin as an example, the mudflow parameters are calculated. Anti-mudflow structures were identified and their condition was analyzed. Based on the results of the study, proposals and environmental engineering technical solutions for the reconstruction of existing anti-mudflow structures were developed

Pattern of Preoperative Uroflowmetry in Hypospadias Patients and Age-matched Control Patients.

Patients with hypospadias often present with voiding difficulties after successful repairs. We sought to analyze the degree of uroflowmetric anomalies that may be present in children with hypospadias before a surgical repair. We, thus, undertook this study to compare the pattern of preoperative uroflowmetry study in hypospadias patients and a comparable age-matched control group. A total of 90 children underwent preoperative uroflowmetry in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India, between January 2019 and December 2020. Thirty patients with hypospadias and sixty age-matched controls who presented to the outpatient department without any associated urological or neurological anomalies were included in the study. Uroflowmetry parameters such as maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), average urine flow rate (Qavg), voided volume (VV), urination duration, duration of reaching maximum speed, and urine flow curves of the cases and the control group were measured and compared. The median age of patients at the time of uroflowmetry in the hypospadias group was 7 years, while the same for the control group was 7.5 years. Median maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax) (10.7 vs. 14.45 mL/s, P = 0.01278), average urinary flow rates (Qavg) (6.5 vs. 8.5 mL/s, P = 0.0124), the ratio of maximum urinary flow rates with VV (Qmax/VV) (0.043 vs. 0.053, P = 0.0264) was found to be significant (P < 0.05). These values were significantly lower in the hypospadias group (P < 0.05). The voiding time (43.5 vs. 30 s, P = 0.0285) was significantly higher in the hypospadias group. However, there was no difference in the VV per micturition (219.5 vs. 270.0 mL, P = 0.40) and time to maximum flow rate (10 vs. 10, P = 0.43). Flow curve pattern analysis revealed plateau-shaped curves in 60% of the hypospadias group compared to 27% in the control group, while bell-shaped curve was seen in 37% of the hypospadias group as compared to 65% in the control group which were statistically significant (P = 0.003415). No statistically significant association was found between meatal localization and the uroflowmetry parameters. Children with hypospadias have abnormal uroflowmetry even before surgical correction and have a significantly low maximum urine flow rate. These uroflow anomalies may be due to meatal stenosis or hypoplastic proximal urethra. We postulate that these preoperative abnormal uroflow patterns in patients with hypospadias may contribute to voiding difficulties in repaired hypospadias cases. A greater understanding of the factors behind these uroflowmetric anomalies may allow surgeons to proactively tackle these intraoperatively, leading to better outcomes for patients with hypospadias.

Surgical management of stricture urethra in patients with chronic renal failure: Ten years' experience at a tertiary center

Patients suffering from stricture urethra and deranged renal function have poor quality of life. The incidence of urethral stricture co-existing with renal failure is comparatively small and cause may be multifactorial. There is paucity of literature on management of urethral stricture associated with deranged renal function. We present our experience of managing stricture urethra associated with chronic renal failure. This was a retrospective study conducted from 2010 to 2019. Patients with stricture urethra and deranged renal function (serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl) who underwent urethroplasty or perineal urethrostomy were included in our study. A total of 47 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Patients were followed every 3 months in their 1st year of surgery and 6 monthly thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. There was a significant increase in the mean postopérative maximum and average urinary flow rates when compared to the preoperative values. The overall success rate was 76.59%. Out of 47 patients, 10 had wound infection and delayed wound healing, 2 patients developed ventricular arrhythmias, 6 patients developed fluid and electrolyte imbalance, 2 patients developed seizures, and 1 patient developed septicemia in the postoperative period. Prevalence of patients with chronic renal failure associated with stricture urethra was 4.58% and features suggestive of deranged renal function at presentation were present in 1.81% patients. In the present study, complications related with chronic renal failure occurred in 17 (36.17%) patients. Multidisciplinary care of the patient along with appropriate surgical management is a viable option in this sub-group of patients.

Analysis of the degree of influence of geological and technological factors on the initial flow rates of wells commissioned after their downtime

The results of statistical processing of data from 97 wells put into re-operation, after their long downtime due to flooding, are presented. In which, depending on the geological and physical conditions and the state of development of oil deposits, different results are obtained. With an average initial oil flow rate of 1.12 tons/day in reservoir-vaulted deposits with low-viscosity oil in the Fergana oil and gas region - 0.5 tons/day, in reservoir-arch deposits with high-viscosity oil in the Surkhandarya oil and gas region - 0.97 tons/day, in sub-gas deposits of the Bukhara-Khiva region - 2.5 tons/day. By assessing the informativeness of geological, physical and technological factors using the Kulbak method, the degree of their influence on the initial oil flow rate of wells after their re-commissioning was established. Taking into account the degree of influence of the factors considered, it is recommended to put into re-operation wells located in the arched part of the reservoir, having the highest effective oil-saturated thicknesses, in areas with a low oil recovery factor and a lower degree of reduction in initial reservoir pressure, as well as watered in a short period of operation.

К ВОПРОСУ ОЦЕНКИ ЗИМНЕГО МИНИМАЛЬНОГО СРЕДНЕМЕСЯЧНОГО СТОКА РЕК БАССЕЙНА ОЗЕРА СЕВАН

The work is devoted to the assessment of the winter minimum average monthly runoff of the lake basin. Sevan. The winter minimum average monthly flow rates are calculated for posts on rivers with a series of observations of 40 years or more and flowing into lakes. Sevan. Reliability curves were constructed, the values of the minimum monthly runoff with a security of50, 75, 80, 90, 95 and 98 % for the winter period were estimatedfor 12 sections. The values of runoff norms, its coefficients of variation (Cv) and asymmetry (Cs) are determined. An analysis of the distribution of the studied hydrological characteristics was carried out.

Palliative TURP Combined with Intermittent ADT Is A Curative Therapy to Some Elderly Men with Localized Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Radical prostatectomy is the preferred therapeutic option for patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma whose life expectancy is greater than 10 years. But for elderly patients, this may not be the best option. In clinical work, we have observed that palliative transurethral resection of prostate (pTURP) combined with intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has achieved significant good results in the treatment of elderly patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 elderly patients aged 71 to 88 years who were hospitalized for urinary retention from March 2009 to March 2015. These patients were diagnosed as localized prostate adenocarcinoma with stage T1 to T2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) through MRI and prostate biopsy. Fifteen cases (group A) were given pTURP and intermittent ADT after surgery. Fifteen cases (group B) were given sustained ADT. Serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), testosterone, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QOL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), average urinary flow rate (Qave), prostate volume and post-void residual urine (PVR) data were followed up for 5 years, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results: The 5-year cumulative survival rate of group A was 100%. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival was 60.00%. The average duration of intermittent ADT was 23.93 months. Prostate volume reduction was significantly. The dysuria in all patients was significantly improved. Nine patients had TPSA lower than 4 ng/ml and had no local progression and metastasis. At the same time the 5-year cumulative survival rate of group B was 80%. PSA progression-free survival was 26.67%. Six cases of dysuria improved. There was no significant difference in serum TPSA, ALP and PAP between the two groups in five years (P>0.05). Serum testosterone, IPSS score, QOL score, prostate volume, Qmax, Qave, and PVR were significantly different between the two groups in five years (P<0.05). Conclusion: pTURP for elderly patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma and BPH combined with intermittent ADT is an effective treatment. It is able to solve dysuria. The overall ADT time is short. The risk of progression to castrated resistant prostate cancer is low. Some of them have achieved tumor-free survival.

ԳԵՐՄԱՆԻԱՅԻՑ ՆԵՐԿՐՎԱԾ ՀՈԼՇՏԻՆ ՑԵՂԻ ԿՈՎԵՐԻ ԿԱԹՆԱՅԻՆ ՄԹԵՐԱՏՎՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀՀ ԱՐՄԱՎԻՐԻ ՄԱՐԶԻ «ՊԵՊԻԱԳՐՈ» ՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅԱՆ «ԽԵԼԱՑԻ» ԱՆԱՍՆԱՇԵՆՔԻ ՊԱՅՄԱՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ

The study was conducted on Holstein cows, which were imported from Germany and kept in the “smart” barnyard of the “Pepi Agro” farm at the Armavir Marz of the Republic of Armenia. According to the results, during the first lactation, 5827 kg of milk was yielded, fat and protein contents in milk were 3.82 and 3.27 %, live weight was 535 kg, and milk yield was 10.9 with the average milk flow rate of 2.37 kg/min. According to the 1990 appraisal, these cows exceeded the standards of the Holstein breed in terms of milk yield, fat, and protein content, as well as live weight. However, their milk yield was lower than the mothers bred in Germany by 2933 kg or 50 %. We propose to continue the importation of Holstein cows and their further breeding in “smart” farming conditions in the Republic of Armenia.

Effect of mechanical premilking stimulation on milking duration in late lactation.

This study documents the effect of mechanical prestimulation on the milking duration of pasture-based cows in late lactation to better harness increased capacity of automation in the milk harvesting process. Premilking stimulation, provided via manual or mechanical means, has been shown to promote the milk letdown reflex and assist in achieving quick, comfortable, and complete milk removal from the udder. The literature is lacking knowledge on the effect of mechanical premilking stimulation on milking duration, especially in late lactation and in pasture-based systems, and many pasture-based farms do not practice a full premilking routine because of a lack of labor availability. The current study addresses this gap in knowledge. In this study, we tested 2 treatments: (1) the No Stim treatment used normal farm milking settings with no premilking preparation and (2) the Stim treatment used 60 s of mechanical premilking stimulation, with a rate of 120 cycles per minute and a pulsator ratio of 30:70 on cluster attachment. Once the 60 s of stimulation had elapsed, normal milking settings resumed for the remainder of the milking. Sixty cows were enrolled in the study, which ran for 20 d. The effect of treatment on a.m. milking duration was significant, a.m. milking duration for Stim was 12 s shorter than that of No Stim. The effect of treatment on p.m. milk duration was not significant. Treatment had no effect on a.m./p.m. milk yields, average milk flowrates or peak milk flowrates. Significant differences emerged between treatments on a.m. and p.m. dead time (time from cluster attachment to reach a milk flowrate of 0.2 kg/min). The a.m. and p.m. dead times were 6 s shorter for Stim compared with No Stim. The time taken to achieve peak milk flowrate (time to peak) at morning milking was 7 s shorter for Stim compared with No Stim, and treatment yielded no significant effects on time to peak at p.m. milkings. Treatment also had no significant effect on log10 somatic cell count. Although the percentage of congested teat-ends and teat-barrels was numerically lower for Stim versus No Stim, no statistical differences were detected across these measures. Based on the results of the study, we found merit in applying 60 s of mechanical pre-stimulation at a.m. milking from a milking duration perspective. However, the strategy was not as successful for the p.m. milking. Analysis of the milk flowrate profiles recorded during the study suggest potential utility in employing different machine settings for various milkings based on anticipated yield and level of udder fill.

Рыбоходно-нерестовый канал кочетовского гидроузла на реке Дон

The purpose of the research is to develop a layout and design solution for a fish-spawning channel, arranged to bypass the Kochetovsky waterworks on the Don River. Materials and methods. The factual basis of the development was made up of materials of topographic and hydrological surveys, complex surveys of structures and hydrometric studies of discharge regimes of expenses by culverts, data on the functioning of the fish-passing gateway and information on the migratory behavior of fish in the lower reaches of the waterworks. Results and discussion. Based on the initial information on the waterworks, survey and research materials, two alternative variants of the layout and design solution of the fish-spawning channel with its location on the right bank, adjacent to the waterworks, section of the Don floodplain are proposed. According to the first option, the channel is traced mainly along the riverbed (channels) Barsovka, its dimensions are designed to pass a flow rate of – 90 m3/s, with an average flow rate of the water threshold along its path – 0,95 m/s. According to the second variant, the channel is located within the water-protected zone of the Don River along its right bank, the channel path is designed to pass a flow rate of 50 m3/s and is equipped with an additional power supply unit at the inlet head, designed for a flow rate of 40 m3/s. The facilities are equipped with entrance and exit heads, recreation areas for fish and fishing regulators. Both variants of the channel arrangement ensure their functioning according to their purpose – to provide conditions for the passage and spawning of fish. Information is provided on the advantages and disadvantages of each of the technical solutions, the comparison of which allows you to choose one of the options for subsequent development and implementation. Conclusion. 1 Two alternative variants of the layout and design solutions of the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel have been developed. 2 For further development, it is recommended to trace the channel along the right bank of the Don River with the inclusion of an additional power supply unit ini ts composition.

Possibilities and limitations of using iPhone 13 Pro with built-in LiDAR sensor in cave research – on the example of paleoflow analysis in Mylna Cave (Western Tatra Mts, Poland)

The study tested the capabilities of the Apple iPhone 13 Pro device using two measurement techniques, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and SfM (Structure from Motion), in a cave environment by measuring scallops in Mylna Cave in Western Tatra Mountains. The tested device provides an interesting and inexpensive alternative for cave research using TLS (Terrestrial Land Scanner) type scanners or more expensive MLS (Mobile Laser Scanning) type scanners. The study used a dedicated 3D Scanner App™ application to create two terrain models: LiDAR and SfM. A comparative analysis of the models shows that the SfM model is characterised by greater detail. The results obtained for this model indicate that the scallops measured in Wielki Chodnik passage of Mylna Cave belong to at least two different generations of forms. In the LiDAR method case, the obtained models’ resolution was not precise enough to identify small (&lt;3 cm) scallops. For three LiDAR models, the average length of scallops was 10.32 cm; for three SfM models, it was 5.16 cm. The length of scallops obtained from models allowed for calculating paleoflow velocity and, thus, the flow rate. The average velocity value for LiDAR models was 28.98 cm s−1, and for SfM models – 48.10 cm s−1 and the average flow rate obtained from SfM data was 1.93 m³ s−1. It corresponds well with the today-observed Kościeliski Potok flow rate of 1.7 m³ s−1 according to the 1966–2000 period (Baścik et al. 2014). On the contrary, the average paleoflow rate obtained from the LiDAR model, which is 0.94 m³ s−1, does not match the contemporary flow rate. Based on the asymmetry of scallops, the paleoflow direction was determined. It is consistent with the current direction of the Kościeliski Potok flow. The spatial imaging techniques used with iPhone 13 Pro differ regarding the DEM creation method and model details. It is influenced by parameters related to lighting, distance, scanned surface character and microclimatic conditions of the cave.

Numerical modeling of grade mixing and inclusion entrapment in eight strand billet tundish

This study aims to investigate the effect of tundish level control on the change in element content and inclusion amount in molten steel during the low tundish-level steel grade transition. Based on multiphase flow, mass transfer, and discrete phase, a three-dimensional transient numerical simulation of the tundish was established in Ansys Fluent. The model uses moving mesh refinement technology to obtain clear steel and slag interface with a small number of meshes. The numerical simulation results were verified through industrial experiments and physical simulations. The results indicate that when the tundish is at a low level, strand 3 becomes a short-circuit flow, and the number of inclusions in strand 3 is approximately four times that in strand 1. If the old grade density is higher than that of the new grade, the unqualified length of the element content in the transition billet is 10.2 m shorter than that in the opposite order. When the filling speed of the tundish is three times the normal flow rate, the length of the transition billet with an unqualified number of inclusions is 7.1 m less than that when the filling speed is 2 times the normal flow rate. In addition, at the initial stage of the low tundish level steel grade transition, the minimum amount of inclusions in the transition billet can be reduced to 40% of the average amount of inclusions in the old grade; however, the maximum number of inclusions in the transition billet increase by a factor of 2.5 times the average number of inclusions in the new grade at the end stage of the low tundish-level steel grade transition. It can be observed that the inclusions in the initial stage of the low tundish-level steel grade transition have less effect on the quality of the old grades; however, they have a greater effect on the new grades in the final stage of the low tundish-level steel grade transition.

INTEREST OF TRANS-OBTURATOR TAPE (TOT) IN STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE :SERIES OF 173 WOMEN AND 1 MAN

TOT sub-urethral slings have an important role in terms of stress urinary incontinence. They have proven to have excellent functional results over time, with minimal or even exceptional complications. The technique of tape insertion is not complex but requires an experienced surgeon. We report a series of 173 women and 1 man, collected in the urology department of the Nord Franche-Comte Hospital inTrevenans (HNFC) between 03/2017 and 03/2022. The data were collected by a computer system set up at the NFC Hospital through the codes JDDB005 and JDDB007 designating the placement of TOT strips. The mean age was 53.03 years. Our patient complained of isolated SUI following radical prostatectomy surgery, wore one pad per day, had no post-void residual volume (PVR) and had a total improvement of his symptomatology after the installation of the Virtue-coloplast tape, no postoperative complications. At the 3-month postoperative consultation the patient reported a disappearance of the SUI with total satisfaction All our patients had stress urinary incontinence (SUI), of which 133 (76.87%) had isolated SUI, SUI associated with urgency with predominance of SUI in 40 patients (23.12%), with positive Bonney maneuver in all our patients. On gynecological examination, 15 patients had a grade 2 cystocele, 13 patients had a grade 1 cystocele and 90 patients had urethral hypermobility the post-void residual volume (PVR) measured by suprapubic ultrasound in the consultation was between 0cc and 110cc, the average maximum flow rate (average Qmax) was 17.5ml/s, and sphincter insufficiency (calculated by the 110-age formula) was noted in 83 patients on urodynamic examination. Failure of perineal rehabilitation in all our patients. The immediate postoperative period was marked by pain in 09 patients, malaise and vomiting in 05 patients, resulting in 24-hour hospitalization for monitoring. Intraoperatively, 03 patients had an estimated bleeding between 150 cc and 200 cc, a 24h hospitalization for monitoring was indicated. The follow-up appointment after 6 months showed persistence of SUI in 19 patients (10.98%), persistence of urgency in 15 patients (8.67%) and appearance of dysuria in 11 patients (6.35%). Decrease of the Qmax of all our patients postoperatively with average Qmax at 15.3ml/s compared to 17.5ml/s. Given the persistence of SUI, the decision was made to monitor and re-investigate for possible re-insertion of sub-urethral strips. Cystoscopy was performed in the 15 patients with persistent urgency and did not reveal any abnormalities decision to repeat the ECBU, continue the anticholinergic and monitoring with the attending physician.In our study, it was concluded that TOT type sub-urethral slings proved to be effective in the treatment of SUI with few complications, which is in agreement with other studies.