Average Fertility Rate Research Articles

Penerapan Green Water System (GWS) terhadap Hatching Rate Telur Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias Gariepinus)

Increasing catfish seed production sustainably is important to meet market needs. One effort to increase seed production is through the degree of egg hatching. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the application of the green water system on the success of hatching sangkuriang catfish eggs. The method used in this study was an experiment with two levels of treatment and 3 replications. The results of the study from the spawning of a pair of parents, obtained an average fertilization rate value produced in the GWS pond of 96.6% and the control pond 97.4%. In addition, the hatching rate showed a difference, with an average in the GWS pond of 90.6% while in the control pond 78.3%. The difference in the degree of egg hatching in the GWS pond can be associated with several factors, such as the availability of higher dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen in the GWS pond is higher through the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyceae is the most abundant phytoplankton found in the GWS hatching pond. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Green Water System is effective in increasing the hatching of sangkuriang catfish eggs with an HR of 90.6%. This can be an alternative technology that is useful for cultivators to increase seed production.

Contraceptive use in the Gaza Strip: A systematic review

Background: Between 2017-2019, the average total fertility rate in Gaza was 3.9 births per woman, which is significantly higher than the average global total fertility rate at 2.4 births per woman in 2018. Reliable family planning methods allow women and men to avoid unintended pregnancies and reduce maternal mortality. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine what is known about contraceptive use in the Gaza Strip, including: 1) common contraceptive methods used, 2) access to contraceptive services, and 3) barriers impacting family planning services.Methods: The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published in the English language within the last 10 years (2013 to 2023) were screened from the following databases: CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar.Results: Seven articles were included in the final analysis. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was found to be the main family planning service provider in the Gaza Strip (61%). Intrauterine devices (35.4%) were found to be the main method of contraception. Factors identified that impact contraceptive use included: 1) access to contraceptives, 2) cultural beliefs, 3) demographic characteristics (e.g., occupation and education), and 4) healthcare provider (HCP) and system influence. The restriction of goods into the Gaza Strip continues to impact contraceptive accessibility. Educational interventions should focus on addressing contraceptive misconceptions among Gazan women and HCPs while giving special attention to cultural beliefs (e.g., desire for several children) and demographic characteristics, specifically relating to occupation and education status.Conclusion: Unintended pregnancies are preventable through the effective use of contraceptives. Future studies should prioritize interventions aimed at overcoming barriers to contraceptive use in the Gaza Strip, thereby promoting and safeguarding Gazan individuals' ability to exercise their reproductive health rights freely.

A simple method for repeated in vivo sperm collection from laboratory mice

PurposeMouse spermatozoa for archiving laboratory mice or for in vitro fertilization (IVF) are routinely obtained from the cauda epididymis of adult males sacrificed for this purpose. To avoid the death of the donor, we tested whether a precisely timed interruption of the mating act could be used for repeated sperm collection from laboratory mice.MethodsSperm donors (B6D2F1) were mated with a receptive female, and mating behavior was observed. The stud was separated from the female 1–2 s after the onset of the ejaculatory shudder. The ejected copulatory plug with the yellowish viscous ejaculate was carefully removed from the penile cup.ResultsA total of 80 ejaculates were successfully obtained from 100 ejaculations. The latency to first mount was 1.1 ± 1.1 min (mean ± SD) and to ejaculation 8.1 ± 4.7 min. The average number of mounts to ejaculation was 10.5 ± 5.8, and the mean number of spermatozoa per collected ejaculate was 1.86 ± 1.05 × 106. An average fertilization rate of 76% was observed after IVF.ConclusionsSeparating the stud from the female just before ejaculation is feasible, easy to learn, and requires no special equipment. The sperm count of collected ejaculates is lower than natural ejaculations, but higher than previous in vivo sperm collection methods achieved. We recommend this simple sperm collection method in mice, especially when the donor cannot be sacrificed and/or repeated sperm collection from the same animal is required for experimental purposes.

Transcriptomics reveals that NAD(P)H affects the development of the Zig-zag eel (Mastacembelus armatus ♀) × Spiny eel (Sinobdella sinensis ♂) hybrid offspring leading to low hatching rates

Zig-zag eel (Mastacembelus armatus (2 n = 48)) and Spiny eel (Sinobdella sinensis (2 n = 48)) are two species of the Mastacembelidae family commonly found in southern China. Hybridization between the two has a very high deformity rate and a very low hatching rate. In order to investigate the reasons for this, the first hybridization between M. armatus and S. sinensis was carried out using artificial insemination, and the embryonic development of the hybrid offspring was examined using microphotography, and the malformations of the hybrid offspring were investigated by transcriptomics. The experiments showed that the average egg production was 4265.7 ± 322.94 (Mean ± SD), the average fertilization rate of hybrid offspring was 98.67 ± 0.58 % (Mean ± SD), the hatching rate was 12.06 ± 3.44 % (Mean ± SD), the deformity rate was 98.15 ± 3.21 % (Mean ± SD), and the embryonic development successively went through the five main stages of fertilized egg, egg cleavage, embryo formation, organogenesis, and exertion of membranes. Transcriptomics showed that the expression of NAD(P)H-related enzyme activity DEGs was increased, and many DEGs related to cell signaling molecule transmission and metabolic regulation are enriched in KEGG pathways, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation, TNF signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. etc. The major types of DEGs corresponded to those coding for proteins. This study suggests that the high malformation rate in hybrid offspring may be caused by impaired synthesis of proteins during embryonic development.

P-043 Preliminary clinical outcome using the Q300™ device in a reproductive laboratory environment

Abstract Study question How does the Q300™ Device impact clinical outcomes in a reproductive laboratory environment compared to established standards? Summary answer The device showed favorable clinical outcomes and was user-friendly. More research is needed to identify the patient subgroups that can benefit the most from system What is known already Embryologists struggle with accurately assessing sperm morphology without staining, prompting interest in emerging technologies like AI. These methods evaluate motility parameters, offering non-invasive sperm selection. A previous study comparing Q300 to manual staining methods showed high agreement and repeatability, indicating Q300’s accuracy in measuring live sperm cells. It aids in selecting cells per WHO2021 guidelines without staining, potentially revolutionizing sperm assessment. Study design, size, duration The study is an open-label, non-randomized study. Semen samples intended for ICSI were imaged by the Q300™ device before micro-injection to aid in selecting morphologically compliant sperm cells. The data collected was compared to the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for ART laboratories according to the Vienna Consensus. Up to 5 sites will be enrolled in the study, with up to 100 couples in total from all sites. Study duration: 18 months Participants/materials, setting, methods The Q300™ device is an optical system using quantitative phase microscopy and holographic imaging to analyze human semen morphology. The device aids embryologists in selecting live and motile sperm cells for ICSI by providing automatic, objective analysis. Couples meeting inclusion criteria, including female age ≤40 and availability of motile sperm, were recruited for ICSI procedures. There were no restrictions on previous IVF/ICSI cycles. Endpoints: fertilization, day-3 embryo development, good blastocyst development rates, and implantation rates. Main results and the role of chance 14 couples were recruited from Barzilay Medical Center’s IVF unit in Ashkelon, Israel. The average fertilization rate is 79.1% (Vienna consensus competency is ≥ 65%), the day 3 embryo development rate is 55% (Vienna consensus competency is ≥ 45%), and the good blastocyst development rate is 42.5% (Vienna consensus competency is ≥ 30%). The implantation rate (day 3+day5) is 36.8% (Vienna consensus competency is ≥ 25% for day 3 embryo transfers and ≥ 35% for blastocyst transfers). The intended users performed the procedures with no reported malfunctions. 270 sperm imaging procedures were performed using the Q300 device to select 109 morphologically suitable cells for ICSI. The utilization of the product resulted in approximately a 40% yield of correct selections by the embryologist. Consequently, out of every 10 cells deemed compliant by the embryologist, only 4 were confirmed by the device, with roughly 3 falling within a margin of 10% around the WHO measurement range. Moreover, only about 1 of these selections fell within the boundaries defined by the WHO standards. This observation offers insights into the characteristics of cells routinely chosen for injection into oocytes. Limitations, reasons for caution The study recruited 14 couples from a single site; it is important to validate and statistically power the outcome measures and compare them with clinical control groups in the future. In the next generation of the product, incorporating an objective selection based on sperm motility can further improve its functionality. Wider implications of the findings The findings offer insights into optimizing sperm selection processes, potentially improving fertilization, embryo development, and implantation rates in couples undergoing ICSI. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of continued research and refinement of technological innovations in ART to better serve patient needs and improve treatment outcomes. Trial registration number NCT06232720

P-079 Bilateral versus unilateral orchidopexy: IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes

Abstract Study question Does unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism infertility have an impact on IVF/ICSI-ET results? Summary answer Unilateral and bilateral orchidopexy do not affect the final live birth rate in IVF. What is known already A study was compared ICSI-ET outcomes between bilateral and unilateral cryptorchidism in NOA patients. Although 90.36% of their study population have undergone orchidopexy to improve their conditions at around 9 to 10 years old, the fertilization rates of bilateral and unilateral cryptorchidism group were only at 46.8% and 46.5% respectively, which were slightly below the average ICSI fertilization rate. The other study showed that patients of bilateral cryptorchidism had lower implantation rate. Apart from the mentioned study, no other study has attempted to evaluate the IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes in infertile men who had undergone orchidopexy. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary hospital, including a total of 99 infertile men who underwent orchidopexy to treat cryptorchidism and subsequently underwent their first IVF/ICSI-ET cycle from January 2014 to January 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods Men are divided into unilateral fixation group and bilateral fixation group based on the laterality of the cryptorchidism and testicular fixation surgery they have received. Choose fertilization rate and live birth rate as parameters for evaluating the results. Main results and the role of chance The sperm concentration and viability were significantly higher in unilateral orchidopexy group than in bilateral orchidopexy group (28.09 ± 27.99 vs 7.99 ± 14.68, P=0.001; 33.34 ± 22.52 vs 11.95 ± 17.85, P=0.001). Unilateral orchidopexy group showed lower demand for ICSI (66.07% vs 95.35%, P<0.001). Interestingly, both groups exhibited similar rates of fertilization, clinical pregnancy, live birth and birth defect. Boy birth ratio was lower in bilateral orchidopexy group as compared to unilateral orchidopexy group (27.27% vs 58.62%, P=0.026). Limitations, reasons for caution This study was limited in that the data source captured only patients from a single medical center, which could lead to selection bias, small sample size and limited external validity to the findings. Wider implications of the findings Our study suggested that blastocyst-stage ET is a good strategy for patients with history of orchidopexy. Trial registration number not applicable

Effects of Synthetic Hormones on Fertilization, Fecundity, Hatching and Gonado-Somatic Index of Giant Snakehead (Channa Marulius) in Captivity

The effects of a crude protein (40% CP) diet on the spawning performance of giant Snakehead (Channa marulius) broodstock were assessed in this study through a three-week feeding trial. Mature C. marulius brood stock (N = 36) was taken from the brooders pond and stocked into nine small experimental breeding ponds, each measuring 4mx2mx1.5m (LxWxD). Following acclimatization, all male and female C. marulius broodstock with an average weight of 1.5–2.5 kg BW and a length of 70 cm were removed from the small breeding ponds. The current study's objective was to induce breeding in C. marulius by injecting synthetic hormones intramuscularly and monitoring fertilization, fecundity, hatching, and gonado-somatic index. Using a completely randomized design (CRD), nine fishponds were split into three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) during the study period, each with three replicates. In addition to evaluating the effects of artificially applied hormones, Conceptal® (T1), Suprefact® (T2), and Ovaprim® (T3), this study aimed to comprehend the reproductive biology of C. marulius. The hormones were injected into the test fish at the following proportion (0.3ml, 0.4ml and 0.5ml to male and 0.8ml, 0.9ml and 1.0ml to female’s ml/kg body weight) and then released into the earthen ponds for large scale production of seed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The results showed no successful spawning on Conceptal®. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) estimates for the study period showed that Suprefact had the highest average GSI values for both males and females (3.32±1.62% and 1.67±0.18%, respectively), followed by Ovaprim (1.13±0.56 and 1.22±0.68, respectively). Absolute fecundity was also estimated. The result showed that fish stimulated with suprefact (T2) obtained the highest average fecundity (3079.3±100.7%), fertilization rate (96.33±1.20%), hatching rate (94.67±2.40%), and survival rate (95.75±1.51%), then in ovaprim fecundity rate (1669.3±836.5%), fertilization rate (58.00±29.02), hatching rate (61.27±30.65), survival rate (64.67±32.34%), respectively. In conclusion, the use of Suprefact® and Ovaprim® can optimise the results of C. marulius breeding induction in small experimental breeding ponds, ensuring higher-quality eggs and a greater number of normal larvae.

ДЕФИЦИТ ПЕРСОНАЛА В РОССИЙСКИх ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯх И ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ

e article analyzes the problem of personnel shortage in Russian organizations, which is proposed to be considered from two complementary positions: the microeconomic aspect — the development strategy of each specific organization, its personnel policy, features of leadership style, existing personnel and all personnel management processes that influence the selection and retention of employees in the organization, as well as macroeconomic aspects general demographic trends occurring in the state and government polic y measures in the field of demography aimed at regulating and equalizing the current demographic situation. Statistics show that there is currently no population decline in the Russian Federation. Moreover, the population is gradually increasing. The problems of personnel shortages do not lie in the decline in population figures or in the lack of necessary qualified personnel in the labor market. The problem of personnel shortage is deeper and is associated with the working conditions required by workers in the new economic and information realities. In order to implement the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a new national project “Demography” was developed, the objectives of which were: increasing the overall life expectancy of the population; encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle; an increase in the average fertility rate from 1.76 to 1.78 in 2024.

Methods of artificial regulation of estrous cycle of Aberdeen Angus breeding stock

The research aim is to study the efficiency of using the OvSynch and Co-Synch schemes with subsequent resynchronization on beef cows and heifers of the Aberdeen Angus breed. The hormonal state of animals and the biochemical blood serum parameters were chosen as factors determining reproductive function. The purpose is to study the efficiency of applying the OvSynch and Co-Synch synchronization protocols on cows and heifers of the Aberdeen Angus breed depending on the hormonal state of the inseminated animals and the biochemical blood serum parameters. The rate of fertilization in cows inseminated according to the OvSynch protocol was determined to be 5.0 to 8.5 % higher during the first stage of insemination and 5.5 % higher during the second stage of insemination. In the group of heifers, the best fertilization results were obtained while using the Co-Synch protocol (59.3 %). Giving cows a second injection of GnRH, on day 9 of the OvSynch protocol, 16 hours before insemination, provided an average rate of fertilization of 52.3 %, which is 3.4 % higher compared to the 14-hour interval between GnRH injection and insemination. The concentration of steroid and gonadotropic hormones, including cortisol, estradiol, FSH and LH, in experimental animals during insemination corresponded to the estrus phase. The results of biochemical blood tests indicate a number of metabolic inconsistencies in the animal body. Changes in the biochemical blood serum parameters in animals that did not become pregnant followed the same patterns as in those that became pregnant. However, the level of increase or decrease in parameters was less pronounced. The results obtained can be used in arranging artificial insemination in breeding and commercial agricultural organizations engaged in beef cattle breeding, as well as in teaching process of zootechnical and veterinary disciplines in agricultural higher educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus.

#184 : Dual Triggers of Ovidrel and Buserelin Improves the Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization in Yasmin Fertility Clinic

Introduction: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) to stimulate multiple ovarian follicles at the same time before oocyte retrieval. “Dual triggering” for final oocyte maturation using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can improve clinical outcomes during in vitro fertilization. We thought that further investigation regarding the efficacy of dual triggers was warranted. In this study, we aim to investigate the outcome of dual triggering in IVF with a combination of a single dose of a GnRH agonist (Buserelin) and rhCG (Ovidrel). Methods: This retrospective study subjected 22 women who underwent IVF with dual triggers of Ovidrel and Buserelin in Yasmin IVF Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta. Demographic data was gathered from paper-based patient treatment medical records. Result: Patients who received dual triggers therapy, the average oocyte obtained in the study sample was 11.83 in women under 35 years old (group 1) and 8.27 in women above 35 years old (group 2). The average of embryo day 3 was (7.29 vs 4.40). The average BMI in our study sample was (21.54 vs 24.60), the duration of infertility average was (6.14 vs 8). For the average blastocyst, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst rate consecutively (4.86 vs 3.07, 66.76 vs 66.18, 101.78 vs 87.83, 83.57 vs 73.90). We found the pregnancy rate was 34,28% (14,28% vs 20,0%) which we assessed based on a positive bHCG result and a P4 value after fresh embryo transfer. No cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were reported in either group. Conclusion: Dual triggering of Ovidrel and Buserelin may be a useful maturation treatment to maximize the outcome of mature oocytes in IVF patients. However, further investigation will be needed.

The Tiger Grouper Hatchery Techniques In The Lampung Marine Aquaculture Centre, Indonesia

The tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) exhibits characteristics ideal for cultivation due to its rapid growth rate and ability to be mass produced to satisfy market demand. The aim of this study is to implement the Tiger Grouper Hatchery Technique and measure the Fecundity, Fertilization Rate (FR), Hatching Rate (HR), and Survival Rate (SR) at the Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) Hatchery located at Balai Besar Lampung Mariculture Fisheries. The chosen survey method allows for the collection of relevant data for the aforementioned parameters. Data can be collected through primary and secondary sources, as well as observation, literature review, and documentation. Hatchery techniques for Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, include the selection of parent fish, brood rearing, spawning, egg handling, larval rearing, harvesting, maintenance and transportation of seeds. The quantity of eggs laid was 3,292,475, with an average fertilization rate of 88.76%, an average hatching rate of 22.57%, and 350,000 larvae stocked, leading to 21,000 individuals or 6% survival ratio, measuring 1-3 cm in size.

Sperm morphology and forward motility are indicators of reproductive success and are not age- or condition-dependent in a captive breeding population of endangered snake.

The relationship between male ejaculate traits and reproductive success is an important consideration for captive breeding programs. A recovery plan for the endangered Louisiana pinesnake includes captive breeding for the release of young to the wild. Semen was collected from twenty captive breeding male snakes and ejaculate traits of motility, morphology, and membrane viability were measured for each male. Semen traits were analyzed in relation to the fertilization rate of eggs produced from pairings of each male with a single female (% fertility) to determine the ejaculate factors contributing to reproductive success. In addition, we investigated the age- and condition-dependence of each ejaculate trait. We found significant variation in the ejaculate traits of males and normal sperm morphology ([Formula: see text] = 44.4 ± 13.6%, n = 19) and forward motility ([Formula: see text] = 61.0 ± 13.4%, n = 18) were found to be the best predictors of fertility. No ejaculate traits were found to be condition-dependent (P > 0.05). Forward progressive movement (FPM) ([Formula: see text] = 4 ± 0.5, n = 18) was determined to be age-dependent (r2 = 0.27, P = 0.028), but FPM was not included in the best model for rate of fertilization. Male Louisiana pinesnakes do not appear to experience a significant decline in reproductive potential with age (P > 0.05). The observed average rate of fertilization in the captive breeding colony was below 50% and only those pairings with a male having >51% normal sperm morphology avoided a 0% rate of fertilization. Identification of the factors contributing to the reproductive success of captive breeding Louisiana pinesnakes is of considerable conservation value in the recovery of the species, and captive breeding programs should use assessments of ejaculate traits to plan breeding pairs for maximum reproductive output.

Biodemographic parameters of spodoptera frugiperda smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest of maize crop, zea mays linnaeus, 1753 in sub-sudanese zone of Côte d'Ivoire

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main pests of maize (Zea mays L.) in Côte d'Ivoire. The control of this insect requires knowledge of biological and demographic parameters. The need to know the effect of seasons on the biodemographic parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda in Côte d'Ivoire led us to carry out work in the Sub-sudanese zone. The study was carried out in dry and rainy seasons on a maize plot from 2020 to 2021. The monitoring of newly emerged individuals on 3-week-old early variety with semi-serrated grains (EV 87/28-SR) maize plants under semi-natural conditions. The development cycle consisted of six larva stages. The development time was 27.93 ± 1.01 days in dry season and 32.47 ± 1.83 days in rainy season. Larval survival rates ranged from 85.79 to 100% in dry season and from 74.64 to 94.7% in rainy season. The average egg fertility rate was 21.19 ± 5.89% in dry season and 40.36 ± 8.49% in rainy season. The sex ratio was in favour of females. The net reproduction rate (Ro) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were highest in rainy season at 27.67 ± 7.82 and 0.26 ± 0.01 respectively. Spodoptera frugiperda performs much better in rainy season at temperatures between 25.1°C - 26.2°C due to a slow development time of 32.47 ± 1.83 days, a short population doubling time (D.T.) of 2.62 ± 0.13 and a high net reproduction rate (Ro) of 27.67 ± 7.82.

Моделирование прогноза рождаемости на примере Республики Тыва

Numerous Russian demographers and statisticians have considered the issues of predicting fertility. In recent years, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) has been publishing demographic forecasts, including data on the total fertility rate. However, despite extensive research, insufficient attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of using adaptive forecasting methods to assess the future dynamics of fertility. In this regard, the present study aims to build fertility prediction models for regions based on adaptive methods. The Republic of Tuva was chosen for testing as one of the unique constituent entities of the Russian Federation. During the implementation of the Concept of demographic policy, in particular maternity capital, the total fertility rate in Tuva did not fall below the replacement level fertility (2.14). Adaptive forecasting methods, such as ARIMA, Holt’s and Brown’s models, were utilised. In order to select the best prediction model, the study conducted a formal-logical analysis with a comparison of the main characteristics of the forecast accuracy and quality. The obtained results revealed promising development scenarios: moderately optimistic and regressive. The moderately optimistic scenario scientifically substantiated the feasibility of achieving fertility growth in the Republic of Tuva by 2025, focusing on the higher values of the average total fertility rate — 3.10 children per woman of reproductive age — that meets the goals of the demographic policy.

Regional Maternity Capital Programmes: Impact on Fertility in Russia

Despite an active demographic policy, the birth rate in Russia has been declining since 2015. Since 2007, federal maternity capital (FMC) programme has been implemented. In 2011, some Russian regions additionally introduced regional maternity capital (RMC). The paper aims to assess the impact of RMC on fertility in Russian regions. To this end, econometric models using panel data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 1996-2020 were utilised. A positive impact of regional maternity capital for a second child on fertility was revealed. The study demonstrated that this support measure is most effective in predominantly Orthodox regions, as well as in regions with a higher total fertility rate (more than 1.7). According to the analysis, it is necessary to raise RMC payments for a second child to the level of federal maternity capital, all other things being equal, in order to increase the average total fertility rate to 1.7. Fertility is negatively correlated with the average per capita income, housing costs, unemployment rate and preschool enrolment, as well as positively correlated with federal maternity capital and marriage rate. As a result, the state has to continue and improve maternity capital programmes for the purchase of housing for families with children, support them in the labour market, improve preschool infrastructure, and also to pursue a pro-natalist policy aimed at strengthening the family institution and preserving family values. Due to the specificity of data, an influence of regional maternity capital on changes in birth timing and purposes of the capital’s possible spending were not considered. Further research should focus on determining priority forms of providing regional maternity capital according to the intended use.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СВИНОМАТОК ПРИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ СКРЕЩИВАНИИ

It has been established that the breeding stock of swine on the farm complex is competed with the purebred Yorkshire animals, crossbreeds (Yorkshire × Landrace), for insemination of which the sperm production of boars of the Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc breeds is used. The average fertilization rate of sows in the herd was 83.6%, including the combinations: Y × Y – 84.3%, Y × L – 84.6, YL × Y – 82.9 and YL × D – 81.2%. The highest prolificacy rate (12.43 heads) and the greatest number of piglets by the weaning time (10.81 heads) was in purebred sows of the Yorkshire breed when crossed with boars of the Landrace breed. The greatest weight of the litter at weaning (82.4 kg) and the safety rate of suckling piglets (92%) were in the crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows when crossed with the Duroc.

Study on Reproductive Behavior and Fry Nursing of Koi Carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) in Sunsari, Nepal

A study was conducted emphasizing, the induced breeding techniques, breeding behavior and nursery rearing of koi carp at Everest Aquaponics and fish farm, Sunsari, Nepal. The study was done in the hatchery Unit of EAFF for 36 days including 28 days of fry nursing from 15 May to 26 June. Ten set of brooders in the ratio of 1:2 was used. The average body weight of the female brooders was 910±164.722 gm and a female weighing one kilogram gives approximate 70,219.78 eggs in induce breeding method by hand stripping. The percentage of average fertilization rate was 68.6±3.58 %, the average hatching rate was 75.75 ± 5.9% and average survival of spawn was 66.88±5.84%. The size of the fry after hatching also varied between 2.3-3 mm whereas the fry growth varied from 17- 24mm and the average survivability from fry to fingerling was 88.9±1.59%. The mean final weight of the fry in the nursery tank was 1.0845±0.0353 gm and the average weight gain after 28 days of nursery rearing was 0.9315gm±0.013298gm. The average of the water quality values including temperature was 27.5°C, pH was 7.975, dissolved oxygen was 6.55 mg/L, NO3 concentration was 3.75 mg/L during nursery raising whereas the average water parameters during breeding were 26.75°C, pH of 7.995, DO of 6.25 mg/L, NO3 of 4.375. Successful koi farming can reduce the uncertainty and unavailability of fingerlings, can increase large-scale production for export, and can be a potential area to meet national needs and help increase revenue in foreign currencies. Current research will certainly pave the way for startups to launch commercial production and commercialization of Koi carp in the coming days.

Linking soil phosphorus pools to drainage water quality in intensively cropped organic soils

Higher than average fertilization rates, as applied to mineral soils, are often recommended for cultivated organic soils (>20% organic matter), which over time, have led to phosphorus (P) pollution into receiving water bodies via subsurface tile drainage. Limited studies have documented the P pools within organic soils or their link to tile drainage water quality. This study quantified the different soil P pools found in organic soils under two water management practices: controlled drainage (CD) and pump drainage (PD) systems. Phosphorus availability in these soils was assessed by measuring inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) via sequential fractionation; available P via Bray-1 P testing; and microbial P, along with crop root total P uptake. Drainage water samples were also analyzed for total P (TP) and dissolved reactive P (DRP). The results identified calcium (Ca) bound P as the largest P pool in these organic soils. Its correlation with other P pools suggests that it acts as a P sink in these soils. The correlation analysis further suggests that aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) bound P is a driving force for P movement in the soil, as it had the most significant relationship with the P parameters in both the soil and drainage water. The regression analysis of TP found that the fertilizer and root P content were significantly related to the changes in drainage water quality at both sites. A P balance indicated that more fertilizer was being applied each year than was being used by the crops or released into the water, causing an accumulation of legacy P in the soil. Overall, the soil P pools affect the fluctuations of P concentration in the tile drainage water quality, featuring the complex relationship of the soil-water P dynamic.

P-251 Cumulus cell analysis as a non-invasive oocyte selection strategy to reduce the number of oocytes/embryos cultured and increase pregnancy rates

Abstract Study question Can non-invasive gene expression analysis of cumulus cells (CC) improve efficiency in ART by prioritizing oocytes for further culture and fresh single embryo transfer? Summary answer CC analysis can be used for the selective processing of oocytes. This may reduce culture work and improve the outcome in ICSI elective SETs (eSET). What is known already In an interventional, blinded, prospective cohort study (Van Vaerenbergh et al. 2021), 113 patients underwent a fresh Day3 eSET with embryos ranked and transferred based on morphology and CC gene expression (Aurora Test), while 520 control patients underwent a Day3 eSET without the Aurora Test. This resulted in a significant higher clinical pregnancy of 61% in the patients with eSET based on CC ranking applied on good morphology embryos, compared to 29% in the controls with eSET based on embryo morphology only. Live birth rate was also significantly increased, while time-to-pregnancy was significantly reduced with 3 transfer cycles. Study design, size, duration In a retrospective analysis, in a subset of patients with at least 6 growing follicles and at least five 2PN oocytes (n = 80), it was investigated whether the Aurora Test, used to select transferrable Day3-embryos, could also be applied to select oocytes on Day0/1. The effect of processing only the three highest ranked oocytes (based on the Aurora Test) on embryo development and clinical pregnancy was studied compared to processing all oocytes. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients included in this single centre study had their first or second GnRH-antagonist ICSI cycle, were younger than 40y, had normal BMI, were stimulated with HP-hMG and scheduled for Day3 eSET. Two-sided statistical analysis (p < 0,05) was performed between a strategy of processing only the top 3 Aurora ranked oocytes, according to CC gene expression, and a strategy of processing all available oocytes. Main results and the role of chance On average, 8 MII oocytes were obtained per patient and the average fertilization rate was 83%. In total, 407 good quality embryos (GQE) on Day3 were generated from these 80 patients when utilising all 639 oocytes. Processing the three top-ranked oocytes only (240/639 oocytes) would have reduced the number of embryos to 169 GQE and would have resulted in 2.1 GQE on average on Day3 per patient; 75/80 (94%) patients would have had a fresh Day3 transfer resulting in a 63% clinical pregnancy rate. Processing all 639 available 2PN oocytes (standard of care) resulted in a fresh Day3 transfer in all 80 patients and a similar 64% clinical pregnancy rate (ns). However, 399 more oocytes would need to be processed. The strategy of restricting the number of oocytes to be processed would not have compromised cumulative cycle outcome. Considering all subsequent freeze/thawing cycles the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate calculated per all 80 patients would increase to 90%. Limitations, reasons for caution The limitation of this approach is that the Aurora Test requires individual oocyte denudation and individual oocyte vitrification. Secondly, this new strategy should be validated in a prospective study. Wider implications of the findings By applying this oocyte selection strategy patients would benefit from a high pregnancy rate in the fresh transfer cycle, while the lab would see reduction in embryo culture work, because freeze/thawing cycles and culture of embryos with lower competence would be prevented. Trial registration number NA

Literature Review: Pemberian Konseling Keluarga Berencana terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Akseptor Memilih Keluarga Berencana Pasca Persalinan

One of the causes of the relatively fast population growth rate is because the average fertility rate or Total Fertility Rate (TFR) increases. The increase in TFR is also due to an increase in unmet need for family planning, especially in postpartum mothers. So that if the increase in TFR is not overcome by family planning programs, especially post-delivery family planning, there will be four too (4T), namely too young, too old, too many children, too often pregnancy is the cause of increased maternal and infant mortality. Objective: To review articles that discuss the provision of family planning to post-partum mothers. Methods: The author uses a literature review. In searching for several articles, this literature uses the Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scientific Director databases with inclusion criteria, namely using Indonesian and English, respondents are pregnant women in the third trimester or postpartum mothers. The articles obtained are from primary sources with a time span of 5 years (2017-2021). Results: Based on the literature review, it was found that the coverage of family planning acceptors in choosing post-delivery family planning was more likely to choose Long-Term Contraception Methods (LTCM) such as implants and IUDs, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship in the provision of post-delivery family planning counseling when pregnant women are in the third trimester. and at the time of postpartum to choose and decide on postnatal family planning.