Average Effective Pressure Research Articles

Research on Dimension Reduction Method for Combustion Chamber Structure Parameters of Wankel Engine Based on Active Subspace

The combustion chamber structure of a rotary engine involves a combination of interacting parameters that are simultaneously constrained by engine size, compression ratio, machining, and strength. It is more difficult to study the weight of the effect of the combustion chamber structure on the engine performance using traditional linear methods, and it is not possible to find the combination of structural parameters that has the greatest effect on the engine performance under the constraints. This makes it impossible to optimize the combustion chamber structure of a rotary engine by focusing on important structural parameters; it can only be optimized based on all structural parameters. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a method of dimensionality reduction for the structural parameters of a combustion chamber based on active subspace and combining a probability box and the EDF (Empirical Distribution Function). This method uses engine performance indexes such as explosion pressure, maximum cylinder temperature, and indicated average effective pressure as the influence proportion analysis targets and quantitatively analyzes the influence proportion of combustion chamber structure parameters on engine performance. Eight main structural parameters with an influence of more than 85% on the engine performance indexes were obtained, on the basis of which three important structural parameters with an influence of more than 45% on the engine performance indexes and three adjustable structural parameters with an influence of less than 15% on the engine performance indexes were determined. This quantitative analysis work provides an optimization direction for the further optimization of the combustion chamber structure in the future.

Design assessment of the range of permissible operation modes of a marine two-stroke diesel engine

In the practice of operating marine diesel engines, as a limiting characteristic for mechanical stress, a characteristic corresponding to a constant effective torque, which is proportional to the average effective pressure, is used. There is no such unambiguity regarding the restrictive characteristics of thermal intensity. Limitations on the thermal stress of a diesel engine depend on its design features and the efficiency of the cooling system of the cylinder-piston group. At the diesel engine design stage, it is important to assess in advance whether the operational characteristics correspond to the technical specifications.
 The work carried out computational and theoretical studies of the operational parameters of the main marine two-stroke diesel engine operating according to the screw characteristic, which affect its mechanical and thermal stress, and determined the expected limiting characteristics of the mechanical and thermal stress. The studies were carried out for wide ranges of changes in the weight coefficient of the screw characteristics and the relative power of the diesel engine. The estimated design ranges of diesel operating modes are given, excluding its mechanical and thermal overload, and an assessment of the permissible weighting of the screw characteristics is given. The results obtained were compared with the characteristics of a marine four-stroke diesel engine.

Моделирование и оценка интенсивности старения моторного масла в судовых тронковых дизелях при их наддуве

A computational and experimental model of the aging of lubricating oil in different directions is presented, taking into account the influence on the intensity of its degradation of the degree of forcing (thermal load) and the technical condition of diesel, the quality (motor group) of the lubricant product and the sulfur content in the fuel. The novelty in assessing the aging of the lubricant in a tank diesel engine when forcing it by supercharging consists in the formation of a thermal load on the oil film, which determines the aging rate of the engine oil on the cylinder sleeve of the engine. It is reported how the density of the heat flux acting on the surface of the oil film swept by the piston is experimentally fixed and averaged over the height of the sleeve and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft during the engine operating cycle. The influence of the factors under consideration on the specific rate of aging of lubricating oil per unit area of the sleeve surface in contact with gases in the direction of additive activation, decrease in alkalinity, increase in acidity, tar formation and accumulation of insoluble products has been identified. The lines of equal values of the hypersurfaces of the response functions for the specific intensity of the alkalinity response and the formation of insoluble products of tar formation and acidity growth are illustrated. The requirements for engine oil have been formed according to the level of alloying with multifunctional additives, depending on the degree of boost (average effective pressure) of supercharged marine tank diesels. As a result of the analysis of the aging rate of engine oil in modern marine diesel engines with medium and high boost, the expediency of using unified type oils in them has been confirmed M-10(14)G2CS and M-14(16)DCL20 with multifunctional additives MASK and PMS for the combustion of distillate fuels and their mixtures with fuel oils with a sulfur content of up to 0.5%.

Effects of Methanol–Ammonia Blending Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine

Sustainable ammonia is one of the leading candidates in the search for alternative clean fuels for marine applications. This paper aims to build a simulation model of a six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to investigate the effects of increasing the ammonia proportion in methanol–ammonia fuel blends on engine performance and emissions. In the present study, the conditions of different speeds and different proportions of ammonia in fuel blends are investigated. The results show that the average effective pressure, brake power, and brake torque increase by about 5% with an increased ammonia substitution ratio. In terms of economic performance, the changes under medium and low speed conditions are not obvious. However, the change in high speed conditions is significant. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is reduced by 6.6%, and the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4%. It is found that the performance of the engine is best at medium speed. The best performance is achieved with higher efficiency and lower emissions. The present results can provide guidance for the optimization of ammonia–methanol blends and their applications in engines.

THE USE OF VARIOUS SUPERCHARGING SYSTEMS HIGH-POWERED MARINE FOUR-STROKE DIESELS

Various supercharging systems used on modern high-powered marine four-stroke diesels of foreign production are presented. The conditional areas of application supercharging systems marine four-stroke diesels in the range of changes in the average effective pressure from 2 to 3 MPa are shown.

Discussion on the Influence of Friction and Wear on the Reliability of Marine Diesel Engines

In view of the impact of friction and wear on the reliability of marine diesel engines, this article discusses the main causes of wear in marine diesel engines when analyzing the specific effects, including the impact of average effective pressure on friction loss, the impact of rotational speed on friction loss, the impact of cylinder number on friction loss, the impact of oil viscosity and cooling system temperature, and the impact of fuel injection pump pressure on friction loss The impact of the number of piston rings on diesel engines. In the analysis and discussion of the impact of friction and wear on the reliability of marine diesel engines, relevant suggestions were proposed for fault diagnosis, such as the application of the following diagnostic techniques: internal machine equipment gear wear fault analysis, bearing melting wear fault analysis, bearing wear deformation fault analysis, bearing pitting peeling fault analysis, diesel engine piston wear fault analysis, etc, And the following measures to avoid wear issues: reasonably reducing the speed of diesel engines, scientifically reducing the number of piston rings, and continuously optimizing the lubrication system.

Pembuatan Alat Uji Prestasi Mesin Motor Bakar Bensin Yamaha Lexam 155cc

Gasoline fuel motors are a type of motor that is widely used because they have advantages such as a relatively small weight ratio and engine power, the vibrations obtained are not large and are able to produce high performance. With the increasing gasoline engine technology, new innovations will emerge, always following the needs and tastes of various people. An internal combustion engine is a machine that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. Tests are carried out to determine the performance of the machine through testing in the energy conversion laboratory. To understand the variables that affect performance in the manufacture of this test tool to be made for additional laboratory tests. With test data of 4000rpm, 5000rpm, 6000rpm, 7000rpm and 8000rpm rotation and load variations starting from 3,5,7,9 and 12kg. From the analysis of fuel consumption and its effect on engine power, it can be stated that with a rotation of 4000rpm torque = 2.94(Nm), effective power = 4431.16(kN.m/hour), average effective pressure = 0.019 (kpa), fuel consumption = 0.55 (kg/hour), specific fuel consumption = 0.00012 (kg/kN.m), fuel to air ratio = 0.00009 (m3/s), air mass flow rate = 0.013 (m3/s), volumetric efficiency = 2980.9% and thermal efficiency = 18.8% the greater the engine speed used, the higher the level of fuel consumed, as well as the effective power of the engine.

Development of Pore Pressure in Cementitious Materials under Low Thermal Effects: Evidence from Optimization of Pore Structure by Incorporation of Fly Ash.

Studies on durability of cementitious materials have focused on harsh environments, but less attention has been paid to low thermal loading situations. In this paper, with the aim of exploring the evolution of internal pore pressure and microcrack extension of cementitious under low thermal environment, cement paste specimens with thermal environment slightly below 100 °C and three water-binder ratios (0.4, 0.45 and 0.5) and four fly ash admixtures (0, 10%, 20% and 30%) were designed. Firstly, the internal pore pressure of the cement paste was tested; secondly, the average effective pore pressure of the cement paste was calculated; and finally, the phase field method was used to explore the expansion of microcracks inside the cement paste when the temperature gradually increased. It was found that the internal pore pressure of the paste showed a decreasing trend as the water-binder ratio and fly ash admixture increased, and the numerical simulation found that the sprouting and development of cracks were delayed when 10% fly ash was added to the cement paste, which was consistent with the experimental results. This work provides a basis for the durability development of concrete under low thermal environment.

Study Experimental of Temperature Effect of B40 Biodiesel Engine Performance

This paper aims to determine the performance of diesel engine and increase the injection pressure by varying the fuel temperature using biodiesel B40 with a compression ratio of 21:1 and an injection pressure of 150 Bar. The parameters were calculated include, h at the orifice, the volume of fuel used, fuel consumption time, and engine rpm. In the tests carried out, it was found that variations in fuel temperature affect engine performance parameters such as effective shaft power, average effective pressure, thermal efficiency values, air fuel ratio, and specific fuel consumption. The results of the fuel temperature test with variations of 50oC, 55oC, 60oC, 65oC and 70oC. Where for the value of the largest effective shaft power at a temperature of 60oC with a value of 3.7892 kW at a load of 25,000 kg/m2 and the largest BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) at a temperature of 70oC with a value of 1275.321 N/m2, for the value of thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, ratio of air and the best fuel at a temperature of 65oC with a thermal efficiency value of 92.333 % at a load of 25,000 kg/m2, for a better air-fuel ratio with a value of 157,660 at a load of 5,000 kg/m2, and the smallest specific fuel consumption with value 0.00002291 kg/kJ at a load of 25,000 kg/m2.

Combustion and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with coal-based hybrid fuel at various altitudes

ABSTRACT At high altitude and low pressure, the changes of inlet and exhaust pressure and the combustion environment in the cylinder lead to the deterioration of physicochemical characteristics and combustion in the cylinder of the coal-based mixed fuel. In this research, based on the plateau environment simulation test platform, the combustion characteristics, dynamic performance and fuel economy of the turbocharged diesel engine burned at different simulated altitudes (0 m, 1500 m, 2500 m, 3500 m and 4500 m) were studied. The results revealed that as altitude increased, the coal-based composite fuel caused the diesel engine’s in-cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate, and instantaneous heat release rate to gradually decrease, the flameout period to gradually extend, and the center of gravity of combustion to gradually delay. At low engine speed, the average effective pressure cycle variation rate increased significantly. The coal-based complex fuel diesel engine has increased in-cylinder pressure, torque, and effective thermal efficiency, as well as peak instantaneous heat release rate at high altitude, when compared to diesel combustion. It also causes a reduction in the maximum pressure rise rate, a forward shift in the combustion center of gravity, a reduction in the average effective pressure cycle rate of change, and a shortening of the stall period.

Effect of Butanol-Gasoline Blend Toward Performance Matic-Transmission Applied in Single Cylinder Capacity Engine

The availability of fuel oil is decreasing while the level of consumption is increasing. This encourages the need for the development of alternative energy to minimize the crisis. This study investigates the characteristics of fuel and automatic transmission combustion engines. The fuel used is butanol variations B7, B12 and B18 (7%, 12%, and 18%) and pertalite (RON-90). The gasoline engine used has a capacity of 110 cc with a compression ratio of 9.5:1, an automatic transmission system, and air conditioning. The performance test equipment used is the Dynotest-chassis type 50L-BRT. Fuel variations are applied to an engine performance test by using engine speeds of 3000-9000 rpm. The results showed that the use of 18% butanol increased the output power and thermal efficiency by 8.3 kW and 923.95 kPa at 8000 rpm. torque and MEP (average effective pressure) increased by 8 N.m and 923.95 kPa at 5000 rpm. Meanwhile, SFC (specific fuel consumption) decreased by 0.35 kg/kWh at 8000 rpm.

Total loss torque waveform estimation for a turbocharged diesel engine

The indicated (gas) torque is a key parameter for reciprocating engine. It reports on various aspects of the engine, such as the quality of the combustion process, the fuel combustion rate and the average effective pressure. This is a good indicator of the stability of the engine at work. The form of the instantaneous indicated torque is precious information for the control and diagnosis of the engine. The study of the simulation of crankshaft dynamics illustrates the need to know the total loss torque (i.e. the addition of friction torque, auxiliary torque and load torque) to achieve the indicated torque. To date, it has proven difficult to obtain an accurate predictive expression of the instantaneous total loss torque. This expression includes adequate simulation of friction of all moving parts of the engine (piston ring and skirt, crankshaft bearings, valve gear...), auxiliaries and load. Based on experimental results conducted on a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, this work offers a simple and practical solution for estimating the total torque loss. The proposed method makes it possible to successfully estimate total torque losses under a wide range of engine operating conditions. The result prediction has been confronted to experimental data.

SPECIFIC NET WORK AND MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE BASED THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF IDEAL ATKINSON CYCLE

In this study, the criteria for maximum values of specific net work and mean effective pressure in the air standard Atkinson cycle, which is the ideal thermodynamic cycle of internal combustion engines used in hybrid electric vehicles, were examined. For this, it was assumed that the cycle operates in a certain temperature range. Thus, while the maximum temperature of the cycle is constant, the compression ratio was optimized for maximum specific net work and maximum mean effective pressure. A case study was conducted for this study. For the case study, assuming the geometric expansion ratio of 12, the maximum temperature value of the cycle was determined as 1961.923 K. Based on this maximum temperature value, the maximum values of the specific net work and the ambient effective pressure were determined as 580.139 kJ/kg and 373.857 kPa, respectively. In addition, the geometric compression ratios for the maximum values of the specific net work and the ambient effective pressure were determined as 15.462 and 31.063, respectively. Looking at the geometric compression ratio values of today's engines, it was seen that these values were closer to the compression ratio at which the maximum specific net work was achieved. It was observed that the thermal efficiency increased when the compression ratio was optimized for the conditions where the maximum average effective pressure was achieved. The results obtained from this study are particularly attractive to engine designers.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION GAS ENGINES IN SYSTEMS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FUEL ELEMENTS OF LARGE ENERGY FACILITIES

The proposed article analyzes the potential possibility of increasing the efficiency of an energy complex with a gas turbine and solid oxide high-temperature fuel cells, into the structure of which an auxiliary piston gas engine of internal combustion is integrated. Natural gas, methane was used as an energy carrier. The subject of the research is indicators of the working process of the auxiliary engine when it is working on mixed gas fuel (carbon monoxide - methane) of variable composition. The research was carried out by the computational and analytical method using a simplified method of calculating the working cycle of a piston engine. Solutions to several problems are considered: disposal of carbon monoxide emissions at the exit from fuel cells during their heating; provision of an additional source of electrical energy for powering methane conversion devices and an additional source of heat for its steam-plasma conversion; utilization of carbon monoxide and residues of incomplete methane conversion. Calculation studies of indicators of the working process of an auxiliary gas engine with a capacity of 100 kW on mixed fuel of variable composition (carbon monoxide - methane) show its stable operation with appropriate correction of the fuel supply regulation system. The effective efficiency coefficient in the entire range of fuel concentration slightly changed (from 0.369 to 0.380). Its growth is observed with an increase in the proportion of methane in the mixed fuel. The average effective pressure of the cycle practically does not change, and the maximum pressure of the cycle during engine operation in the entire range of changes in the composition of the mixture is at the level of 8.0 MPa. Slight change in the maximum temperature with an increase in the concentration of methane in the fuel mixture (from 2117 K to 2048 K) has been noticed. The research testified to the effectiveness of the proposed method of improving the environmental and economic characteristics of the energy complex with fuel cells, by including in its structure an auxiliary gas engine with minimal cost adaptation for operation on mixed fuel of variable composition.

Analisa Performansi Mesin Diesel MAK 8M453 Tipe 4 Langkah dengan Daya Terpasang 2500 kW

In actual diesel engine work cycle is part of the heat input that occurs at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. Therefore, in the calculation of the design of the modern diesel motor cycle, a limited pressure air cycle (combined cycle) is used. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the diesel engine in the PLTD Tenau-Kupang and to find out the deviations or losses that occur in the diesel motor work cycle. From the results of the research in the form of an analysis of calculations at 600 rpm engine speed, it can be concluded that the basic factors of the performance of an engine include the average effective pressure (MEP), piston speed, ratio of stroke length and cylinder diameter, number of cylinders, and calculations for power. The resulting motor is close to the actual motor power.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Nitromethane Addition to Gasoline Fuel on A Single-Cylinder Spark-Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions

In this study, the effect of nitromethane addition to gasoline fuel on engine perfor-mance and emissions in a single-cylinder spark-ignition engine was experimentally inves-tigated. By adding 5% and 10% nitromethane to gasoline, experiments were carried out at full load at six different cycles. Engine load, fuel consumption, exhaust gas tempera-ture, and emissions were measured during the experiments. According to the measured experimental data, engine power, torque, specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas tem-perature, average effective pressure, thermal efficiency, CO, CO2, HC, and NOx values were compared with each other. According to these results, nitromethane's addition im-proved engine power, torque, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency. It is un-derstood that the addition of nitromethane to gasoline improves combustion efficiency and increases thermal efficiency. With the addition of nitromethane, an increase in CO2 emission, which is a product of complete combustion, and a decrease in CO emission occurred. This supports the increase in combustion efficiency. HC emissions have de-creased. There has been an increase in NOx emissionsIn addition, since the addition of more than 10% nitromethane causes engine instability, it has created difficulties in using it without modification in the engine.

The influence of bio-fuels on the injection and combustion processes in a diesel cylinder

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The need for vehicles motor fuels is growing from year to year. Limited oil resources lead to the need to replace them with alternative ones. The necessity to find a solution of the problem is also encouraged by the current unfavorable environmental situation. The possibility of using alternative fuel resources in existing engines requires the study of their influence on various aspects of engine operation, including the process of fuel supply and combustion in the engine cylinder.The purpose of the current research was to obtain the characteristics of fuel supply and combustion in a diesel engine operating on methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil.Methodology and research methods. As an object of study, a tractor diesel engine with a dimension of 2Ч 10.5/12.0 air-cooled with volumetric mixing was chosen. The characteristics presented in the work were taken in the nominal mode at the crankshaft speed n = 1800 rpm and the average effective pressure in the cylinder pe = 0.588 MPa, as well as in the maximum torque mode n = 1400 rpm, pe = 0.594 MPa. Pilot fuel supply in all modes was constant and fixed. The fuel injection advance setting angles were also constant and amounted 34° of the crankshaft rotation to the top dead center for each of the fuels.Scientific novelty and results. The article considered the bench tests results of a diesel engine operating on methanol and rapeseed oil methyl ester in two characteristic modes. The indicators of fuel supply and combustion process in the diesel cylinder have been presented. The analysis of these indicators allowed determining the influence of the fuel supply process on the combustion characteristics in the engine.The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to improve the operation of diesel engines on alternative renewable fuels.

Usage of Rapeseed Oil and Ethanol in a Diesel Engine

Introduction. Alternative fuels in IC-engines make it possible to reduce the harmful effects of exhaust gases on the environment without the use of expensive cleaning systems, diversify the fuel market, and reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy recourses, while research aimed at studying the use of alternative fuels makes it possible to find optimal options for replacing non-renewable raw materials. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of using ethanol in a standard tractor diesel engine with volumetric mixing and combustion from flare resulting from the autoignition of a rapeseed oil pilot portion and to optimize separate cyclic fuel deliveries to obtain maximum energy and environmental effect. Materials and Methods. The article deals with the description of the results of the use of rapeseed oil and ethanol in a serial tractor diesel engine of dimension 2F 10.5/12.0 with separate fuel injection directly into the combustion chamber. In the course of experimental studies, the working process was indicated by a piezo quartz pressure sensor installed in the cylinder head, fuel and air consumption were measured, and samples of exhaust gases to study the gas composition and determine the content of toxic components and smokiness were taken. Results. The exact ethanol and rapeseed oil delivery was determined; the values of the average effective pressure, the average temperature of gases in the cylinder, and active and full heat generation were obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the cyclic ethanol delivery, the proportion of heat from kinetic combustion increases, while the diesel process is characterized by an increase in the proportion of diffusion combustion when the load increases. The analysis of the processes inside the cylinder when the engine runs on ethanol and rapeseed oil in comparison with the traditional diesel process is carried out. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of rapeseed oil and ethanol can completely replace the traditional fuel of petroleum origin for an operating diesel engine by installing additional fuel equipment and modifying the head of cylinder block through mounting an additional nozzle. In this case, the environmental performance of the diesel engine improves significantly.

KARAKTERISTIK MESIN HONDA JAZZ 2007 I-DSI

Electrinic Fuel Injection (EFI) a system that supplies fuel from the tank electronically with a mixture of air that suits fuel needs so that vehicle power remains maximum with minimal fuel consumption to produce environmentally friendly emissions. The fuel injection system is an innovation step that is being developed and applied to motor vehicles today. The purpose of the study was to find out the characteristics of the 2007 Honda Jazz I-DSI engine using the parameters of maximum torque, maximum power, average effective pressure (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) and specific fuel consumption (Specific Fuel Consumption). The method used is direct observation of the problems related to this study. Torque as the rotation of the Honda Jazz i-DSI engine shaft has a higher torque. This shows that the Honda Jazz engine has a higher torque value to improve engine performance. Effective engine power occurs at engine shaft revolutions of 1000 to 5000 rpm. The specific fuel consumption of the Honda Jazz engine has a higher specific fuel consumption value of 34.23% than the i-DSI with the PGM-FI (Programmed Fuel Injection) fuel supply system. At 3500 to 6000 rpm, the Honda Jazz i-DSI engine has a higher specific fuel consumption value compared to the PGM-FI fuel supply system. So the use of fuel using the i-DSI engine is more efficient at low revs because it uses 2 spark plugs, so combustion can be maximized. The thermis efficiency of the Honda Jazz i-DSI engine has a higher thermis efficiency value of 11.15%. Thermis efficiency rises when the engine revs up. Then it can be said that the efficiency of the thermis is directly proportional to the rotation of the engine.

Experimental study on combustion and emissions of a compression ignition engine fueled with gasoline

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is an effective way to achieve both high thermal efficiency and low emission. The combustion and emission performances of GCI and DCI (diesel compression ignition) were compared on a 2.0 L diesel engine equipped with Three-way catalyst-Lean NOx trap/Passive selective catalytic reduction (TWC-LNT/PSCR) aftertreatment system. In order to further clarify the advantages and disadvantages of GCI, this paper first studies the combustion and emission at 1500 rpm and braking average effective pressure (BMEP) of 4–9 bar. Secondly, six small map points of worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) are studied. The results show that the braking thermal efficiency (BTE) of GCI is lower than that of DCI at low load. When BMEP is greater than 5 bar, the BTE of GCI is significantly improved. GCI achieves a maximum BTE of 43%, which is 3% higher than DCI. Compared with DCI, the NOx emission of GCI is slightly lower, the smoke emission of filter smoke number (FSN) is significantly improved, and the CO and HC emissions are significantly increased. GCI engine equipped with TWC-LNT/PSCR system with high aftertreatment efficiency has the potential to meet China’s VI B emission regulations.