Average Distance Visual Acuity Research Articles

Visual Examination Standard for Forklift and Crane Operators: A Report for 66 Operators of a Factory in Mumbai.

Context:Forklift and crane industry in India is progressing at a rapid pace and the visual integrity of the operators is crucial for occupational safety. Hence, we performed a vision screening at a factory based in Mumbai.Aims:To evaluate the current visual status of forklift and crane operators working at a factory in Mumbai.Settings and Design:Prospective observational cross-sectional.Methods and Materials:All forklift and crane operators were invited to undertake visual examination that included visual acuity (VA) assessment, refraction, slit-lamp examination, color vision assessment, visual field assessment, and stereopsis. Referrals were made for participants who needed further assessment.Statistical analysis used:Mean and standard deviation were calculated and presented.Results:A total of 66 forklift operators with an average age of 48 years that ranged from 26–60 years completed the study. The average distance VA in LogMAR with current spectacles was 0.1 ± 0.14. The near VA with usual spectacles averaged at 0.63 M ± 0.2 M. The best-corrected VA (BCVA) of 0 LogMAR was not achieved by 12% subjects; however, all participants except one met the 0.3 LogMAR visual acuity criteria. The average stereopsis was 55.8 ± 47.8 with 8% operators had lower than acceptable levels of stereopsis while 7% could not meet the set criteria. One operator had 400 s of an arc and 4 had 100 s of arc stereopsis.Conclusions:The study demonstrates an urgent need to set up standards for vision assessment at the time of employment and frequency of eye examination for forklift and other powered industrial vehicles.

Assessment of color vision in elderly patients: Pre- and post-cataract surgery

Aim: The aim is to assess color vision in Sudanese elderly patients' pre- and post-cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in in Makkah Eye Complex (a voluntary organization; a Tertiary Eye Care Center) in Khartoum Alryad. Elderly patients (200); their age varies from 60 to 95 (mean 67.91 and standard deviation ± 6.779) years with senile cataract were asked to participate in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary. Information was collected by means of interviews, questionnaire, and clinical examination. The data were analyzed using Predictive Analytic Software Statistics Version 18 (2010), a modified version of IBM SPSS Inc. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0; 2009. Chicago: SPSS Inc. All tests are of two sides (confidence interval of 99% level). Therefore, a P≤ 0.05 was taken to indicate the statistical significance for all analysis and spearman correlation (r) was used to identify association between variables. Results: In the presence of cataract, the results showed significant declines in visual acuity (>85% visually impaired). Failure to discriminate colors were recorded in right eye (RE) (56%) and left eye (LE) (60%). Improved visual functions as a result of cataract surgery included the following: Better optically corrected vision (71%) achieved satisfactory visual outcomes (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] >0.48) with average distance visual acuity (VA) of (0.36–0.46 Log MAR) and in increased ability to discriminate colors (90%) and 89% for RE and LE, respectively. Both pre- and post-operative results showed positive correlation for RE and LE and (P Conclusions: VA and other retinal functions like color vision are restored by cataract extraction.

Importance de la rééducation de l’amblyopie dans les cataractes congénitales unilatérales partielles de découverte tardive

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of occlusion therapy for amblyopia in patients with partial unilateral congenital cataracts that were discovered after 24 months of age. A retrospective study was conducted on 11 patients, each of whom underwent a clinical examination including a cycloplegic refraction with atropine. The average age when the cataract was diagnosed was 35 months. The average distance visual acuity was 6/78 and the average near visual acuity was 35/175. Occlusion therapy using adhesive patches was started after refractive error correction. In two cases, observance was mediocre. Ametropia was found in every patient, with anisometropia in nine patients (alpha < 0.02). This anisometropia included an astigmatism that was always greater on the side with the cataract (alpha < 0.001), averaging 2.7 diopters. After occlusion therapy for amblyopia, the average visual acuity significantly improved to 6/22 in distance vision (alpha < 0.02) and 35/45 in near vision (alpha < 0.01). The average follow-up period was 28 months (5-60 months). Amblyopia is related to lens opacities as well as frequently associated anisometropia. Functional improvement is greater in near vision than in distance vision. With occlusion therapy for amblyopia, accommodation is preserved. This factor is of utmost importance as near vision is preferential in young children. This study provides an opportunity to recall the importance of refraction and occlusion therapy for amblyopia, which must be systematically attempted in cases of partial unilateral congenital cataracts before considering a surgical procedure.