Average Deposits Research Articles

Financial Socialisation and Promotion of Financial Inclusion, among Women Self-Help Group Members: An analysis

India, a country of diversities has travelled a long way in the process of achieving inclusive growth through financial inclusion. The expedition has started from bank nationalisation in the year 1969 to flagship programs like SHG bank Linkage and PMDJY. Historically, women in India have faced various socio-economic challenges, including limited access to financial services and opportunities. To address these challenges and promote the financial inclusion of women, several initiatives and measures have been taken at the government, regulatory, and institutional levels. The PMJDY accounts have shown a remarkable growth in account openings. Around 50.09 Crore Jan Dhan accounts opened as of Aug 2023 where average deposits rise from Rs.1065 crore in 2015 to Rs.4087 Crore in 2023,nearly 3 times over Aug 2015. Around 56% of such accounts are owned by woman, whereas 67% of the accounts are owned by women in rural and semi urban areas (PIB 2023)[i]. But what is more discouraging is that India has the highest in inactive accounts which is 35% globally. In developing economies, women account owners are, on average, 5 percentage points more likely than men are inactive, in India the deviation is highest that is 12 %.Out of the women owned accounts, more than 32% are inactive. The usage of accounts also indicates a different saga as most of them is used for withdrawals of salary or wages, emergencies, or availing Govt. Benefits which leads to a lowering of financial inclusion among the women (Global Findex database 2021)[ii].
 
 It's important to note that despite many advancements achieved by the country with respect to the financial inclusion of women through initiations like PMJDY, introduction of a range of women-centric financial products, such as savings accounts, fixed deposits, and insurance policies, often with special features and incentives, SHGs movements, development of digital financial ecosystem for women in rural areas to access financial services through mobile banking and digital wallets, undertaking financial literacy programs and campaigns aimed at women for improving their financial knowledge and decision-making capabilities, legal reforms related to property rights and inheritance rights, support for Women Entrepreneurs including access to credit, training, and mentorship, and by allocating funds specifically for women's welfare and empowerment through gender budgeting, the challenges still prevailing. The gender gap in financial inclusion still exist, with women in rural and marginalized communities facing more significant barriers. Social and cultural factors, limited financial literacy, and the persistence of gender-based violence in some regions were among the ongoing challenges (Fletschner & Kenney, 2011[iii]). The need for ongoing education and awareness programs, addressing gender biases, and expanding access to financial services in remote areas etc. remain the priorities of the policy makers. Achieving full financial inclusion for women in India requires a multi-faceted approach involving government policies, financial institutions, civil society organizations, and the active participation of women themselves. It is essential for both economic development and gender equality (Duflo, 2012[iv]; Bucciol et.al, 2022[v]).

Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of residual persistence, decontamination and dehydration on cyantraniliprole residues in Chilli

The dissipation behavior and persistence of cyantraniliprole residues in chilli and soil were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical methodology was suitably validated for recovery, precision, accuracy and sensitivity Limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 0.01 and 0.003 mg kg-1. After two applications of cyantraniliprole @ 60, 75, 120 g a.i ha-1, the average initial deposits were found to be 0.69–0.72, 0.88–0.92, 1.40–1.42 mg kg-1, respectively, years 2021 & 2022. Half-life values (T1/2) for cyantraniliprole in chilli were 3.24, 3.53 and 3.89 days in 2021 and 3.78, 3.62 and 3.79 days in 2022, respectively for 60, 75, 120 g a.i ha-1 dose. Household processing methods were evaluated for decontamination of residues such as tap water wash, luke warm water wash, baking soda, common salt, acetic acid, potassium permanganate and boiling water. Among these methods, washing with boiling water was found to be most effective in reducing cyantraniliprole residues (up to 86%) followed by soaking in potassium permanganate (up to 72.27%) and soaking in baking soda (up to 69.37%). After dehydration of red chilli fruits, highest processing factor was 2.40 and 2.45 after application of cyantraniliprole @ 75 and 120 g a.i ha-1 in the test years.

The Effect of Interest Rate Changes on Exchange Rate in Egypt (An Applied Study)

This study aims to measure the impact of interest rate on deposits on exchange rate and measure the effect of interest rate on loans on exchange rate. The first hypothesis states that interest rate on deposits don’t effect on exchange rate. The second hypothesis states interest rate on loans don’t effect on exchange rate, The researcher will be relying on a combination of inductive and deductive approaches to carry out two types of study are as follows: An Analytical study through the analysis of books, periodicals, theses related to interest rate and exchange rate. An applied study, The study period has been applied on monthly weighted average interest rate on loans and deposits and monthly weighted average exchange rate in Egypt for the period from January 1, 2021, till march 31, 2022) relying on the Excel program to prepare data. The results of the statistical study to test the first hypothesis show that: a weak positive relationship between the independent variable (Weighted Average Interest Rates deposits) and the dependent variable (exchange rate). The higher Interest Rates deposits, the higher the value of exchange rate. The results of the statistical study to test the second hypothesis show that: a positive relationship between the independent variable (Interest Rates on loans) and the dependent variable (exchange rate).The higher Interest Rates on loans, the higher the value of exchange rate. KeyWords: Interest rate on deposits, Interest rate on loans, Exchange Rate

Residual Behavior of Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin in Okra Fruits and Soil

ABSTRACT A field trial was conducted to study the dissipation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on okra following application of Nativo (tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG) at 350 and 700 g ha−1. The estimation of trifloxystrobin and CGA 321113 residues was carried on gas–liquid chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector and that of tebuconazole on gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry. Average initial deposits of tebuconazole in okra were found to be 0.75 and 1.45 mg kg−1, whereas trifloxystrobin was found to be 0.28 and 0.61 mg kg−1 following the application of Nativo at 350 and 700 g ha−1, respectively. Residues of tebuconazole dissipated below limit of quantification of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 7 and 10 days and of trifloxystrobin after 5 days of last application at recommended and double of the recommended dosages, respectively. For risk assessment studies, theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRC) were calculated and compared with maximum permissible intake (MPI). It was observed that TMRC values were below MPI in zero day samples at both recommended and double of the recommended dosages. Therefore, the waiting period of 1 day should be observed for safe consumption of okra treated with tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin.

Chemical topping improves the efficiency of spraying harvest aids using unmanned aerial vehicles in high-density cotton

The cotton defoliation strategy is highly appreciated in Xinjiang, where mechanical harvesting is limited by a large proportion of green leaves and unopened bolls at harvest due to an insufficient temperature sum. Because of a high plant density, the application of defoliants (harvest aids) by tractors is less efficient; thus, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for spraying harvest aids are becoming more and more popular. However, it is unknown if this method affects spraying quality and whether the spray is affected by the cotton plant type that was shaped by chemical topping. This study aims to address if chemical topping could enhance defoliation when harvest aids is sprayed using UAV. Field experiments were carried out in 2019 and 2020 in Alaer, Xinjiang, China. The topping treatments included manual topping (MT) as the control and chemical topping (CT) that inhibit apical growth of the stem by foliar application of mepiquat chloride (MC) at 90 (MC90), 180 (MC180), or 270 (MC270) g ha –1 in mid-July. The harvest aids was sprayed in mid-September using UAVs. The average droplet deposition and deposits of harvest aids within the canopy in CT and MT were not different in 2019. However, the average droplet deposition and deposits of CT were much higher than those of MT in 2020. Both droplet deposition and deposits decreased with canopy height, and the droplet distribution performance of CT was better than that of MT. The droplet deposition and deposits in the upper and middle canopy of CT were significantly higher than those of MT in 2020. At 21 days after harvest aids application, the number of leaves per plant in CT was significantly lower than that in MT, while there was no difference between the amounts of MC. CT did not affect boll opening. Moreover, the yield and quality were not affected by harvest aids application using UAVs and CT. We concluded that spraying harvest aids using UAVs combined with CT improved management efficiency and economic benefits by saving labor, without loss of cotton yield and quality. Our results demonstrate that applying harvest aids using UAVs in cotton with CT could improve the quality of defoliation and provide a reference for optimizing cotton managements globally.

Dissipation pattern and dietary risk assessment of some commonly used insecticides on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Pesticide residue in food commodities is a serious concern in relation to consumer safety and also the most significant barrier in the trade of food commodities. The dissipation pattern of four insecticides, namely novaluron, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin, was evaluated on tomato fruits and cropped soil. The residues were extracted using the QuEChERS analytical method and quantized using a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector, gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector. The analytical method was validated using parameters like recovery, linearity, accuracy, matrix effect, and specificity, with limit of detection and limit of quantitation established to be 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively, for all the pesticides. The average initial deposits (samples collected after 2 h of application) at the recommended dose of novaluron, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin were 0.593, 0.293, 0.227, and 0.431 mg/kg on tomato fruits, respectively, and were below the limit of quantification in soil. The pre-harvest interval of 17, 8, 1, and 13 days was suggested for novaluron, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and fenazaquin on tomato, respectively. Risk assessment studies revealed that all pesticides under study are safe and do not pose any threat to humans as theoretical maximum dietary intake is less than the maximum permissible intake and acceptable daily intake.

Dissipation and gas chromatographic method for the determination of profenofos residues in/on green pea and cucumber.

Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber following good agricultural practices. Additionally the risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period for profenofos were determined. The average initial deposits (2h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber were 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg-1 respectively following two applications at a 10 day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both of the substrates were below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg-1 after 20 days at the recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green peas. The gas chromatography method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable and can be extended for profenofos-based standardization of pesticide formulations for green pea/cucumber and their use as pesticides.

Dissipation studies of chlorantraniliprole in maize leaves, grains, baby corn and soil

ABSTRACT The estimation of a residual level of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5 SC) in maize leaves, corn, and soil was studied using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), after foliar spray at an application rate of 37 and 74 g a.i. ha−1. The average initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole in leaves were recorded as 19.84 and 32.57 mg kg−1 after application at 37 and 74 g a.i. ha−1 dose, respectively. The residues in maize leaves was found to be below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 mg kg−1 after 30 days of the application at recommended and double the recommended dosage. On the 25th day, the residues level of chlorantraniliprole was not detected in baby corn samples. At harvest time, its residues level in grains and soil was found to be below the LOQ. The half-life calculated following zero-order, first-order and second-order kinetics was, 0.27 and 0.28 days, 98.80 and 232.98 days and 2.88 and 2.72 days for recommended and double recommended dose of chlorantraniliprole, respectively.

Estimation of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam residues in chilli

ABSTRACT Supervised field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to estimate the dissipation and persistence of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam residues in chilliafter two foliar applications of Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 55 and 110 g a.i. ha−1 and seed treatment of Thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 2.1 and 4.2 g a.i. ha−1. The chilli fruit samples that were collected at different time intervals were processed by QuEChERS methodology, and residues of indoxacarb and thiamethoxam were determined by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The average initial deposits of indoxacarb on green chilli fruits were found to be 2.75 and 5.93 mg kg−1 at single dose while 2.56 and 5.68 mg kg−1 at double dose, respectively, in years 2019 and 2020. These residues reached below the limit of quantification (0.01 mg kg−1) after 25 and 35 days, respectively, at both the doses. The mean residues of thiamethoxam in seedlings, green chilli fruits and red chilli fruits were observed to be below its limit of quantification (0.05 mg kg−1) while, in nursery soil, the residues remained detectable till 10 and 15 days after single and double doses. The half-life value of indoxacarb in green chilli was calculated to be 3.46–4.77 and 3.58–3.76 days while in soil, it was calculated to be 3.85 and 4.93 days, respectively, at single and double recommended doses.

Permethrin and Cypermethrin Residues on Beans and Cucumber Plants Grown Under Greenhouse Conditions

A simple, accurate, and cost-effective procedure for separation and quantification of two pyrethroid insecticides residues on bean and cucumber plants was achieved using a Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and GC equipped with a Mass Selective Detector (MSD). Following spraying fruits and leaves were collected to determine insecticides dissipation constants and half-lives (T1/2 values). Residues of the two pyrethroids revealed the presence of permethrin isomers at retention times of 26 and 26.6 min that correspond to the cis and trans-isomers, respectively. The GC also revealed the presence of four cypermethrin isomers at retention times of 30.3, 30.9, 31.3, and 31.5 min. The average initial deposits of permethrin were 2.7 and 0.2 on cucumber leaves and fruits surfaces, respectively. Whereas cypermethrin initial deposits were 5.1 and 2 μg g-1 on cucumber leaves and fruits, respectively indicating greater deposits on leaves than fruits. T1/2 values of permethrin and cypermethrin residues on beans pods (7.2 and 9.5 d, respectively) and cucumber fruits (13 and 3.3 d, respectively) indicated that a waiting period of 10 and 15 d are required for consumption of cucumber fruits and bean pods sprayed with cypermethrin at the recommended spraying dosage to drop the residues to the Maximum Residue Limits.

MODELLING OF INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN CROPS (ON MATERIALS OF UDMURTIYA)

Dynamics of change of productivity of grain crops of Udmurtiya from 1913 for 2018 in interrelation with changes of environmental conditions in agrarian branch of region is shown. Tendencies of development of plant growing are revealed and influence of meteorological indicators on efficiency of agriculture is proved. Correlation communications of productivity grain with a temperature mode and water supply during the separate periods of growth of plants are considered. Are received regress models of various kinds for forecasting of productivity and the role of each climatic factor in these models is estimated. On this basis the basic natural factors of formation of a grain yield are revealed. On the basis of the analysis of time numbers of meteorological indicators on temperatures and deposits during the summer period the equations of a trend which on a long-term interval prove laws of growth of daily average temperature and monthly average deposits are received. Existence of cyclic components in changes of temperature and deposits is simultaneously revealed, and also periodicity of these cycles is calculated. Possibilities of application of the received models for the decision of administrative problems are shown.

Alewife and Blueback Herring Captured by Intertidal Weirs of the Inner Bay of Fundy, Canada, Display Seasonal Demographics that Suggest Multiple Migrating Stocks

AbstractLittle information is available concerning the seasonal demographics of marine migrating Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, reported in commercial fisheries as “gaspereau” in Canada and “river herring” in the USA. Once adults and age‐0 juveniles depart from coastal spawning rivers, they migrate along the North American Atlantic coast and are difficult to access for scientific analysis. During June–October 1985, a total of 3,785 Alewife and 2,343 Blueback Herring were examined for length, sex, and gonadal stage from commercial intertidal fishing weirs in Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. Of these, 999 adults were subsampled for total weight and body cavity fat deposits. Both species first appeared in the weirs during June, when Blueback Herring generally dominated catches. By July, catches were evenly divided between the two species, and Alewife dominated after mid‐August. Most adults were mature, and there was no discernable sex ratio pattern during the sampling period. Sampled fish exhibited abrupt changes in length, gonadal stage, condition factor, and abdominal wall and visceral mesentery fat deposits in relation to season (week), moon phase, and time of low tide. Sudden shifts in average lengths and fat deposits suggested that migrating Alewife were from different stocks. For Blueback Herring, the condition and status of fat deposits during June suggested that they were probably long‐distance adult migrators. Blueback Herring in Cobequid Bay weirs during July were probably from local stocks. Results from a total of 12,422 tagged adults that were released in Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay during 1985 supported these findings. We propose that shifts in condition and fat deposits can be used to estimate migration distance, discriminating among local, regional, and long‐distance movements.

Maize (Zea mays L.) Response to Potassium Application and K+ Uptake in the Soil: A Review

Potassium (K) is among the essential macronutrients needed for plant growth and it’s also an extremely dynamic ion in both soil and plant systems. K+ moves intensely in a plant system but moderately in a soil system. The average soil deposits of K generally are plentiful, but their mainstreams are not readily available for crop uptake. Many researches have dealt with the response of crops to potassium application, but few literatures have tackled that of maize to available K and its uptake. This review seeks to discuss current progress concerning the relevance of K in maize crop production and its uptake; how this physiological action transforms into growth and yield. We have reviewed available studies on the content, roles of K in the soil-plant system and factors contributing to K uptake and transportation in plant. Also, the benefits of Potassium Solubilizing Microorganisms (KSMs) as an alternative or in combination with exchangeable K+ are reviewed. Furthermore, K deficiencies in maize causing constraint in physiological activities and rendering weak resistance to pests are also discussed. The current study indicates that intensive agricultural production has led to K nutrient limitation in organic or coarse-textured soil resulting in the reduction of available K reserves. However, an optimal application of K can prevent these fertilization imbalances, which will eventually increase soil fertility.

Dissipation kinetics of fenazaquin residues in okra and soil under subtropical conditions of Punjab, India

ABSTRACT The supervised field trials were conducted to estimate the dissipation pattern of fenazaquin residues on okra and soil following its three applications @ 25, 50 and 125 g a.i. ha−1. The residue analysis was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography followed by confirmation with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The average initial deposits were estimated to be 1.663, 2.037, 3.117 and 1.611, 2.299, 3.100 mg kg−1 on okra crop during the year 2017–18 and 2018–19, respectively, at three application rates, i.e.25, 50 and 125 g a.i ha−1.The residues declined below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (<0.01 mg kg−1) after 10 days during 2017–18 and on 15th day during 2018–19, following its application @ 25 g a.i. ha−1. However, with the application @ 50 and 125 g a.i. ha−1, the residues were below LOQ on 15th day of sampling during both the years. Considering the LOQ <0.01 mg kg−1, the pre-harvest interval of 15 days is suggested for the safe consumption of okra fruits following its application @ 25 g a.i. ha−1. The residues dissipated with half-life of 1.31, 1.59, 1.86 and 1.62, 1.75, 1.92 days at the three application rates during both the years. None of the residues were found in soil samples collected after 15 days of the last application.

Estimation of diafenthiuron residues in cabbage by hplc and confirmation by lc-ms-ms

Diafenthiuron, 1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl) thiourea, a broad spectrum insecticide cum acaricide belonging to thiourea group, has been found effective in managing sucking pests and mites. The persistence pattern of its Polo 50% WP on cabbage following three applications at 300 and 600 g a.i. ha⁻¹ at an interval of 10 d, is reported. Residues were estimated by HPLC and confirmed by LC-MS-MS. The average initial deposits were 0.60 and 1.27 mg kg⁻¹ on the cabbage heads following its third application at single and double the recommended dosages, respectively. Half-life periods were found to be 1.88 and 2.15 d at the two application rates, respectively. The residues reduced to below its limit of quantification of 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ after 7 and 10 d, at the single and the double dosages respectively.

Persistence and dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole in okra and soil

Persistence and dissipation pattern of chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide, is reported in okra and soil following application at 25 (recommended) and 50 g a.i. ha−1. High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to estimate the residues. The average initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole in okra were 0.21 and 0.46 mg kg−1 at 25 and 50 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. At the recommended dose, the initial residues were below the MRL (0.3 mg kg−1) in okra fruits. The residues dissipated to below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 mg kg−1 after 7 and 10 d of the application of insecticide at the two doses respectively. The residues in soil were below the LOQ after 15 d of spray at the recommended dosage. The half-lives (t1/2) and waiting periods of chlorantraniliprole in okra were calculated to be 2.27 and 2.45 d and 0 and 1 d, at the recommended and double the recommended dosages respectively.

Persistence, dissipation kinetics, and waiting period of ethion on cucumber by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector

AbstractThis study investigated the persistence, half life, dissipation kinetics, and waiting period of ethion on cucumber by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. The residue analysis of ethion on cucumber was carried out by spraying ethion 50EC 500 g a.i. ha−1 at fruit developing stage followed by another application at 10‐day interval and residue were estimated by validated a method on gas chromatography. The sample extraction and clean up was done by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. The average initial deposits of ethion on cucumber fruit were found to be 0.92 mg/kg, by following two applications at 10‐day interval of ethion 50EC at 500 g a.i. ha−1. Residues of ethion reached below limit of detection 0.05 mg/kg after 15 days at recommended dosage. Therefore a waiting period of 15 day is suggested to reduce the risk before consumption of cucumber fruit samples after following Good Agricultural Practices. These results would be helpful for safe use of ethion on cucumber and to prevent any health problem to consumers. Since the developed method is simple, sensitive, selective and repeatable, it can be extended for ethion based standardisation of herbal formulations containing cucumber and its use in pesticide industries.

Residual behaviour of imidacloprid in the country bean growing soil

The assessment of residual behavior of imidacloprid (Admire 20SL) in the soil of country bean agroecosystem and its risk assessment for consumption was studied. QuEChERS method was used for the extraction and clean-up of samples and the residues of imidacloprid was estimated using Gas Chromatography. The dissipation studies in the soil system were carried out by application of imidacloprid at five different dosages i.e. 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g a.i. ha-1. Average initial deposits of imidacloprid were found to be 0.99, 1.33, 1.62, 1.83 and 2.20 mg.kg-1. The residues reached below determination limit (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg-1 in 9 days for recommended dose and 12 days for remaining higher dosages. Half-life (T1/2)) of imidacloprid in the soil was observed to be 1.88, 1.74, 1.73, 1.56 and 1.52 days for 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. The chemodynamics study of imidacloprid spray indicated that only 27.20 -28.40% sprays were deposited to the target site (plant canopy) and 71.60-72.80% were lost to non-target site such as soil and air. The drift of imidacloprid to soil (39.47-40.20%) was higher than the air (32.13-32.60%). Based on degradation pattern and maximum, the recommended preharvest interval (PHI) might be eight 9 days and a waiting period of two days might be suggested for reapplication of the imidacloprid in country bean agroecosystem.&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 89-101, March 2019

Dissipation and Residual Bioefficacy of Chlorantraniliprole in Tomato and Brinjal Fruits

Dissipation of chlorantraniliprole residues on tomato and brinjal fruits and cropped soil is reported by high performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The average initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole (18.5 SC) were 0.03 and 0.04 mg kg−1 in tomato which dissipated to below the maximum residue limit(0.03 mg kg−1) after 1 and 3 d after application of chlorantraniliprole @ 30 and 60 g a.i. ha−1 respectively. In case of brinjal crop, the initial deposits were 0.19 and 0.40 mg kg−1 after its application @ 40 and 80 g a.i. ha−1 respectively, which dissipated to below the limit of quantification (0.03 mg kg−1) after 7 d of spray. At 30 and 40 g a.i. ha−1 also, it proved effective in managing the damage caused by fruit borers in tomato and brinjal crops respectively.

Bioaccumulation Monitoring of Heavy Metal Chromium (Cr) in Fish Oreochromis mossambicus in The Floating Net Cultivation in Sidoarjo Krembangan River

ABSTRACTFloating Net is a simple alternative cultivation methods. The river there is a garden in the Krembangan District Sidarjoi which is used as a place of cultivation of Floating net fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus), on the other hand is where waste disposal by the local community and some industries . This research aims to know the accumulation of heavy metals chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) and find out the feasibility of fish consumption oreochromis mossambicus at floating net on the river Krembangan Sidoaarjo. This research are observatif by using Purposive Random Sampling techniques. test the content of heavy metal chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) method using AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrofotometry). The data generated in the analysis in quantitative descriptive. In this research show that the heavy metal content of chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus highs station III of 0.52 mg/Kg; I station of 0.51 mg/Kg II station of 0.48 mg/Kg on a sampling sedangkang the morning, at night the highest value on the station III of 0.50 mg/Kg; I station of 0.46 mg/Kg and the II of 0.39 mg/Kg. Average deposits of heavy metal Cr on fish oreochromis mossambicus (o. mossambicus) is still under the raw quality of the already established by the Director-General of POM 1989 i.e. amounted to 2.5 mg/kg but fall into the category bioakumulasi medium, so that fish oreochromis mossambicus is still worthy of consumption, but need to watch out for, considering the Cr are toxic, carcinogenic, bioakumulatif and biomagnifikasi would potentially interfere with health.