Average Daily Increase Research Articles

The Potential of Three Vetch Species in Enhancing Feed Intake and Body Weight Gain of Growing Male Lambs

An experiment was intended to evaluate the potential of three vetch species in enhancing feed intake and body weight gain of growing male lambs and to investigate the difference among these three vetch species regarding their effect of supplementation on feed utilization and growth performance of growing male lambs. Twenty-four young male Arsi-Bale lambs of similar body weight were assigned to one of the four treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were 350 g of hay each of <i>Vicia sativa,</i> <i>Vicia Villosa,</i> and <i>Vicia narbonensis</i> for T2, T3, and T4, and ad libitum fodder oat hay alone (T1). Weight measurements of the lambs were made every ten days during the ninety-day feeding trial. Compared to T1 and T3, T2's total dry matter intake (1121.4 g/day) was substantially (P<0.05) greater. Lambs fed T2 diets showed significantly higher (P<0.001) crude protein intake (153.3 g/day) and average daily body weight increase (152.0 g/day). In conclusion, supplementation with Vicia sativa (T2) resulted in the highest feed intake and growth performance of lambs across all treatments. As a result, efforts should be undertaken to introduce and expand the production of this forage within the farming system.

Использование кремнийсодержащих удобрений как биостимуляторов при возделывании сахарной свеклы

Abstract. The current article is aimed at assessing the resistance of sugar beet plants of various hybrids to the phytotoxic effects of herbicides used both in pure form and in combination with silicon-containing ones. Methods. The research was carried out under the conditions of a field experiment, based on 4 repetitions in 2022–2023. Photosynthetic pigments in leaves were determined by optical density in an extract with 96 % ethanol. The influence of herbicides and biostimulants on the formation of plant mass, as well as the chlorophyll content in the leaves and the sugar beets yield of various hybrids were analyzed. Results. It was identified that the combined use of silicon-containing fertilizers “Mikrovit-6 Kremniy”, “Kelik Kaliy+Kremniy” in combination with herbicides contributed to an increase in the weight of one sugar beet plant after three herbicide treatments by 13–17 % depending on the hybrid compared to the option where only herbicides were treated, and the phytotoxicity of pesticides did not exceed 2.0–2.5 %. The sugar beet productivity depended on the toxicological load on the crop plants. In combination with the herbicides Mikrovit-6 Silicon and Kelik Potassium+Silicon, the total content of green pigment was 49–74 % higher than in plants stressed by herbicides, and chlorophyll a increased by 3.1–4.5 times. The domestic selection hybrids F1 Volna and F1 Skala were the most resistant to inhibition of photosynthesis processes. The scientific novelty of the current research lies in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of the Middle Volga region on leached chernozem, the most efficient silicon-containing fertilizers for reducing herbicidal stress of sugar beet plants have been identified. The identified results also contribute to the improvement of the photosynthesis process by increasing the concentration of chlorophyll, a greater average daily increase in biomass and an increase in the yield of sugar beet plants, as well as hybrids of domestic selection that are more stress-resistant to the negative effects of herbicides.

Meat and fat qualities of pigs of different breeds

Objective. Study of meat and fat qualities of pigs of different genotypes. The research was conducted on young large white and Poltava meat breeds. Methods. General scientific, interdisciplinary, analytical, zootechnical, physical and chemical. During the fattening period, such indicators as live weight gain and feed consumption per unit of gain, the age of reaching live weight of 100 kg are taken into account. The content of meat, fat and bones in the carcasses, as well as the chemical composition and physical properties of the meat were determined. Results. Observations showed that the average daily increase in the live weight of animals of large white breed during fattening was 690 g, the payment of fodder was 4.22 fodder. unit Young animals reached a live weight of 100 kg in 182 days. Animals of the Poltava meat breed, respectively, 720 g of average daily gain, 3.95 feed. unit and the time to reach a live weight of 100 kg - 170 days. Pigs of the Poltava meat breed surpassed the young of the large white breed in terms of carcass length (by 6.3 cm, or 7.2 %), the weight of the rear third of the half carcass (by 0.75 kg, or 6.6 %) and had thinner (by 5 mm, or 15 %) spigot, evenly distributed along the entire length of the half-carcass. This, in turn, led to a higher yield of the most nutritionally valuable parts ofpork (bone, loin, brisket). The meat of animals of the Poltava meat breed was a little more tender, since it took 35 % less effort to cut its standard sample than the meat of pigs of the large white breed. The meat of pigs of a large white breed was characterized by less boiling and more intensive coloring. The most pronounced were interbreed differences in the chemical composition of pork dishes prepared in different ways. Boiled large white pork contained more moisture (by 3.65 %) and fat (by 4.15 %), but less protein (by 1.1 %). The same pattern was observed in the chemical composition of fried pork. Conclusions. The obtained research results allow us to state that the fleshiness of pig carcasses is a breed, hereditarily determined trait that can be improved by breeding methods. Feeding and housing conditions also affect the productive qualities of pigs, however, their different genotypes react differently and to different degrees to the influence of environmental factors. Keywords: breed, live weight, pork, half carcass length, meat quality, tenderness, chemical composition.

Evaluation of the Pilot Test Effect of Steam Stimulation in Horizontal Wells of Sand Bodies 1-1308 in Bohai L Oilfield

In order to reduce the risk of large-scale thermal recovery of heavy oil in Bohai Oilfield, L Oilfield is selected to carry out horizontal well steam stimulation pilot tests. Previous studies have summarized the rationality of the injection parameters and initial production characteristics of this experiment, but the evaluation of its development effectiveness is still blank. Based on the study of the decline law of A23H well cold recovery using reservoir engineering methods, this article evaluates the initial production capacity, production increase effect, technical recoverable reserves, and throughput cycles of steam stimulation. The results show that the thermal recovery production of steam stimulation is three times that of cold recovery, which can significantly improve the production capacity of a single well. The initial daily oil production of two wells is 74m<sup>3</sup>/d and 90m<sup>3</sup>/d, respectively, which is 3.0 times and 3.6 times that of the initial production of cold recovery, exceeding the design level of the reservoir; The first round has the best yield increase effect, with an average daily oil increase of 31m<sup>3</sup>/d, and gradually decreasing thereafter. By the fifth round, it was only 13m<sup>3</sup>/d. In terms of yield increase multiples, each round can reach about 2 times; The technically recoverable reserves are 19.03 × 10<sup>4</sup>m<sup>3</sup>, requiring 8-9 rounds. Through this performance evaluation, we have strengthened our confidence in promoting the application of steam injection technology in Bohai Oilfield to achieve large-scale thermal recovery.

EFFICIENCY OF FEED ADDITIVE EIMERIX ® FOR NATURAL INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS WITH EIMERIA SPP.

The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the feed additive EIMERIX® (powder for oral use, granulated), produced by JSC Biopharm (Ukraine), the active pharmaceutical ingredient of which is the polyester ionophore antibiotic monensin, when used for broiler chickens naturally infected with coccidia of the genus Eimeria. The study was conducted on 17-day-old broiler chickens with clinical signs of coccidiosis. E. tenella and E. maxima were identified from faeces samples of sick broiler chickens. For three weeks (21 days), the sick bird the feed supplement EIMERIX® was added in feed at a dose of 0.5 g per 1 kg of feed, or 100 mg of sodium monensin per 1 kg of feed (experimental group). The control group consisted of broiler chickens suffering from coccidiosis, which were not given the supplement or any other anticoccidial drugs. The main criteria for demonstrating the estimation of the feed additive EIMERIX® were: the number of Eimeria oocysts in feces; mortality and morbidity of poultry associated with coccidiosis. Additional indicators of the effectiveness of the feed additive were: average live weight; average daily increase in live weight of poultry; average daily feed consumption, the ratio of the amount of feed consumed to growth; data of bird health monitoring during the experiment. On the 21st day of the experiment, the excretion of Eimeria oocysts in the feces of broiler chickens with coccidiosis practically stopped (<100 oocysts/g of feces), what was confirmed by the absence of clinical signs of coccidiosis in the birds. Addition of EIMERIX® additive in feed contributed for the reduction of morbidity and mortality among sick birds. More live weight gains and lower feed conversion ratios were observed in Eimeria disease birds treated with a feed additive versus untreated birds. The results of the study showed that the use of EIMERIX® feed additive for broiler chickens with coccidiosis, in the recommended by the manufacturer dosage, causes a decrease of the eimeria infection degree of the bird, reduces its morbidity and mortality, and also contributes to an increase of average daily gains and improvement of feed conversion.

The influence of a phytobiotic with <i>F. ulmaria</i> extract and lactobacilli on the clinical and physiological status of calves

Purpose of the research: to study the effect of a phytobiotic additive on some clinical and physiological parameters of the body of calves during the dairy period (biochemical and morphological blood parameters, live weight gain and disease resistance). The subject of the study was a phytobiotic with the code name Fitostim, which is based on an extract of meadow-sweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) and a lyophilized culture of lactic acid microorganisms. The experiment used Holstein calves, divided into experimental (Fitostim + traditional diet) and control (traditional diet) groups of 12 animals each. Starting from 4 days of age, calves in the experimental group were administered Fitostim daily, individually, orally for 30 days at a dose of 3 grams per head, after dilution in milk. Blood tests for morphological (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, leukoformula) and biochemical parameters (IgG, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, creatinine) were carried out on the 10th and 30th days of the experiment. By the end of the experiment, in the experimental group of calves, compared with the control, there was an increase in ALT (8.0±0.01 units/l) by 19.4 %, total protein (51.4±0.07 g/l) by 14.7 %, albumin (44.0±0.01 g/l) by 15.4 %, creatinine (41.5±0.001 µmol/l) by 10.9 %, immunoglobulin G (5.9±0.01g /l) by 18 %, leukocytes (7.1±0.02×109/l) by 31 %. The studied morphological blood parameters (leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukoformula) did not go beyond the reference values. Recovery from enteritis in calves in the experimental group occurred earlier by 1.8±0.3 days than in calves in the control group. Safety of calves is 100 %. The average daily increase in body weight in calves in the experimental group was 0.811±0.12 kg, which was 17.1 % higher than the result in the control.

The relationships between the types of temperament on residual feed intake and the productivity of Kazakh White-Headed bulls

The RFI of the most calm bulls (with temperament 1) was -0.83±0.67, and in bulls with a moderate temperament (temperament 2), this indicator was 36.5% less, that is, -0.53±0.55. The RFI of bulls with an excited temperament was 0.19±0.85, and in aggressive bulls, this indicator was 0.62± 0.86. It is noted that the calmer the bulls are, the lower the RFI and vice versa. The highest average daily increase was in bulls with temperament 1 (equal to 1,507 ± 0.06 g), and in bulls with temperament 4, the average daily increase was 1,191 ± 0.1 g, which is 20.97% lower than that of their most calm peers. However, the difference in the average daily gain between bulls with temperaments 3 and 4 was 70 g or 5.56%, respectively, in favor of bulls with temperament 3. The average daily gain of bulls with temperament 3 was 1,261± 0.09 g, which was 5.97% lower than that of calmer bulls. At the end of the test, the body weight of the calmer bulls was greater than that of their peers with the most aggressive temperament. In particular, the body weight of bulls with temperament 1 was 312.78a ± 4.44 kg, which is 12 kg or 3.9% greater than that of bulls with temperament 2, whose average body weight is 300.60ab ± 3.19 kg. The lowest average body weight was observed in bulls with temperament 4 (aggressive) – 291.48b±7.17 kg. 295.47b±6.70 kg. Bulls with a temperament of 3 were weighed and lagged behind their peers with a temperament of 2 by 5.13 kg.

The effect of a complex bajillary microbiological preparation on the growth and indicators of the internal environment of the body in juvenile siberian sterlet Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii Brandt

Probiotic drugs are a product of agricultural biotechnology. Their use for feeding fish and other aquatic organisms, especially coldwater ones, is currently insufficiently studied. The addition of a bacillary probiotic preparation (based on two species of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in fish feed) was carried out. These microorganisms are symbionts of many warm-blooded animals and are not a specific intestinal microflora of sturgeon. Experimental work was carried out in the UZ of the Aquaculture Research Center of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. Studies have shown that the addition of a bacillary probiotic drug in doses of 500 and 1000 mcg per kg of feed when feeding juvenile sterlet weighing 0.27–0.29 kg to a weight of 0.375–0.384 kg for 40 days did not have a positive effect on fish growth in experimental groups. All physiological parameters, such as oxygen consumption, the state of white and red blood, lay within the limits typical for sturgeon fish contained in the ultrasound. At the same time, there is an increase in leukocytosis in fish in the group receiving 1000 mcg/kg of feed within 106,7±16,7–143,8±56,3×103/mcl by an average of 22.3% compared to the control. The oxygen consumption level in the fish in the control group was 18.7–28.31% lower than in the experimental ones. There were no significant changes in the growth rate of fish receiving different doses of the drug. The average daily increase in the group receiving 500 mcg/kg of feed was 4.52 g per day, 1000 mcg/kg — 4.44 g per day. On average, on the 30th day of observations, when compared with the control, the growth rate of juvenile sterlet in the experimental groups was lower by 25.16 and 38.6%. At the same time, the safety of fish in the control group was 96.55, and in the experimental group it was 100%.

Effectiveness and impact of Covid-19 response and vaccination challenges in Namibia: a systematic review

Introduction: Namibia, like several countries globally, is currently grappling with the severe repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on its economy, psycho-social connections, and overall public well-being. These nations have implemented multiple steps to mitigate the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Namibia implemented measures to mitigate the transmission and mortality caused by the virus. The nature and execution tactics of Public Health regulations significantly affect the prevention of the spread and reduction of mortality caused by the virus. Objective: This article provides a comprehensive analysis on the efficacy and consequences of Public Health measures implemented by the Health Authority to mitigate the spread of covid-19 among the general population. Method: The review employed the elements of the PRISMA technique to synthesize data on a specific area of focus. We utilized several resources, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services of Namibia (MoHSS), to gather comprehensive information on covid-19. Observation: The country experienced a consistent rise in Covid-19 cases, with an average daily increase of eleven (11) infections, until June 2021. The highest rate was associated with densely inhabited areas of Erongo and Khomas. The control methods implemented for infection prevention and vaccination campaign were largely ineffectual due to widespread misunderstanding. Conclusion: To effectively limit the spread of the virus and save lives, it is necessary to adopt a new approach that involves improved communication and engagement with the local population.

Learning to balance wheat G × E × M interactions in response to a changing climate—The case for ultra‐early planting systems

AbstractReported global reductions in cereal grain yields due to increased global average temperature combined with increasing global populations peaking near 2050 create an immediate need to increase cereal grain yield potential and reduce the yield gap between realized on‐farm grain yield and potential yield. The development of an ultra‐early planting system for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the northern Great Plains can increase the resiliency of current growing systems to a changing climate. This was achieved through the development of a unique set of practices designed to successfully shift current wheat production systems to ultra‐early growing systems. Ultra‐early‐planted wheat‐growing systems on the northern Great Plains will provide immediate benefits to the adopting producer in the form of increased grain yield and increased grain yield stability relative to current practices. As global average temperatures warm, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase, the northern Great Plains region is in a unique position to potentially realize grain yield increases rather than temperature‐driven grain yield decreases. Shifting planting earlier and taking advantage of increased growing degree day accumulation and water use efficiencies while avoiding higher temperatures during sensitive physiological periods are tactics implemented in ultra‐early growing systems that will increase in importance and relevance in the next three decades as average daily temperatures increase.

Влияние комбикорма-стартера на откормочные и мясные показатели при раннем отъеме ягнят разных генотипов

The article presents data on fattening young sheep of different genotypes obtained as a result of crossing ewes of the North Caucasian breed with rams of meat breeds of foreign selection. The introduction into the feeding diet of young sheep of different genotypes of starter feed containing milk replacer in an amount of 5.0% of the feed weight during early weaning from ewes (at 3 months) had a positive effect on the consumption of feed nutrients: in crossbred rams of the North Caucasian genotype, meatwool × Ile-de-France (SK × IDF) dry matter ingestion was higher than that of peers of purebred North Caucasian animals (NC) by 0.03 kg, crossbreds of North Caucasian × Charolais (SK × Sh) by 0.06 kg or 8.4 and 18.4%, respectively, for metabolic energy - 8.2 and 17.9%, for crude protein - 8.1 and 17.6%. A positive effect of the use of starter feed in the diet on the growth rate of young sheep killed at an early age was revealed. The absolute and average daily increases in live weight were highest at the age of 5.5 months in crosses of the SK × IDF genotype than in analogues of purebred SK and SK × Sh crosses by 6.1 and 8.3% and 5.9 and 8.5%. The results of the control slaughter showed that in terms of slaughter weight, rams of the SK × IF genotype were superior to peers of purebred SK and SK × Sh crosses by 6.4 and 7.3%, in meat-pulp weight by 11.1 and 12.1%, and meatiness coefficient by - 0. 40 and 0.43 abs. units.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА «ЛИКВАФИД» МОЛОДНЯКУ СВИНЕЙ

The productive and economic indicators in the technology of rearing young pigs during the rearing period with the use of different doses of the probiotic complex LiquaFid with drinking water were studied. It has been established that the use of LiquaFid leads to an increase in the absolute and average daily increase in the live weight of piglets with a high level of their safety and is economically justified. The optimal dose-effect of the probiotic complex is 50 g per 1 ton of drinking wat er.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА КРОВИ МОЛОДНЯКА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ДОБАВОК

Research objective. Determination of effectiveness of selenium and iodine preparations effect in combination with herbal extracts on productive qualities and physiological status of calves. The combined use of micronutrients selenium and iodine against the background of medicinal plant extracts to increase the productivity of farm animals is an urgent problem. The purpose of this work is to determine the effectiveness of the influence of selenium and iodine preparations in combination with extracts of medicinal herbs on the productive qualities and physiological status of calves. Procedure.From the beginning of the main period of the experiment (from 3 months of age), the conditions of housing and feeding for the groups were the same, but the animals of the experimental groups were given various drugs in addition to the main diet. Results. At the end of the experimental tests, compared with the control group, the average live weight of the animal in group 1 was higher by 1.30 %, and in group II it was higher by 3.3 % (P > 0.05). The average daily increase also increased in the first experimental group by 3.0 % (P > 0.05), in the second experimental group by 7.4 % (P > 0.05), compared with the control. Analysis of the morphological composition of blood from young animals subjected to testing showed on the 150th day of the experiment an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the 1st experimental group by 10.4 % (P < 0.05), and in the 2nd experimental group the increase occurred by 13.4 % (P < 0, 05) compared to control. We recorded an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood of young calves at the end of the study, on day 150, in the first experimental group by 4.60 % (P > 0.05), in the second experimental group by 8.01 % (P < 0, 05), compared to the control group. On the 150th day of experimental tests, when studying the morphological composition of blood from experimental animals, it was found that the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of young calves was higher in experimental group I by 3.30 % (P > 0.05), in experimental group II it was higher by 9, 74 % (P < 0.05) compared with analogues in the control group. Scientific novelty. The joint use of selenium and iodine micronutrients against the background of extracts of medicinal plants to increase the productivity of farm animals is an urgent problem. For the first time, the effect of various combinations of selenium and iodine preparations in combination with extracts of medicinal herbs on the productivity and physiological status of young cattle was assessed. Optimal doses of said fodder ingredients introduction into their diets are proposed.

Growth intensity of young rabbits on the background of use of complete mixed fodders

The development of each individual is influenced by many factors: from genetic to environmental conditions. Therefore, the goal of our research was to establish the characteristics of the growth rate of rabbits from birth to sale when using complete feed in a controlled microclimate. Research was carried out on complex crossbreeds in the rabbit breeding laboratory of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. At birth, the average live weight is 53±2 g. In the first three days, the rabbits were fed colostrum and their average daily gain was 8±1 g, when switching to milk in the next 4 days it increased to 13±1 g, and in the next week - 19±2 g. In the third week of life, the rabbits were introduced to the feed; during this period, the average daily gain did not increase significantly and amounted to 21±3 g. From the next week, the feed began to prevail in the diet of the young animals, and their average daily gain increased to 39±4 g, and the live weight reached 796±43 g. Starting from the 30th day, the rabbits were exposed to stress factors such as branding and weaning. At the same time, the average daily increase in live weight continued to increase, reaching a maximum in the interval between 50 and 60 days with values of 40-42 g, regardless of the method of preventing eimeriosis. It is worth noting that live weight when using a coccidiostat based on essential oils (Ent-Oil Eimecon Dry) is higher than when using a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against eimeria (Cycocin) and amounted to 3078±38 and 3305±62 g, respectively (p < 0.01).

The relationship between dry matter intake and the average daily gain

The productivity of animals is closely related to the quality of the diet and of dry matter intake. Dry matter intake (DMI) is a factor that needs to be assessed before an animal’s diet can be calculated correctly. Purebred bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed in the amount of 70 heads of 7-8 months of age were selected for the experiment. By the end of the test, the bulls were about 11-12 months old. The average weight of the bulls when put to the test was 248.47 ± 2.46 kg, at the end of the test their average weight was 319.7 ± 3.44 kg. It is worth noting that the largest average daily increase was 2.46 ± 0.05 kg, which was in a bull that consumed 6.26 kg of dry matter per day, while the lowest average daily increase was 0.36 ± 0.05 kg, which was in a bull that consumed 5.67 kg of dry matter.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НОВЫХ КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СВИНЕЙ КРУПНОЙ БЕЛОЙ ПОРОДЫ И ИХ ЕСТЕСТВЕННУЮ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ

In the presented article, the effectiveness of the influence of new feed additives “Lactuvet-1” and “Lactu-Super” in feeding large white piglets in the conditions of the Lenin Surovikinsky district of the 49 Volgograd region on the formation of their meat productivity has been studied and the level of natural immunity of animals in a comparative aspect has been assessed. Large white ruminants at the age of 2 months were distributed into three groups of pairs of analogues of 30 heads to conduct the experiment. Experimental young animals included in the control group received a classic diet (KR); analogues of group I – KR + “Lactuvet-1” in a dose of 0.5 % of the mass of concentrated feed; group II – KR + “Lactu-Super” in an amount of 0.5 % of the mass of concentrated feed. It was found that over the entire period of the experiment, the animals of groups I and II exceeded the control group by an average daily increase of 31.7 g, or 4.41 % and 55.00 g, or 7.42 %. Studies have shown that the blood of piglets of groups I and II contained more erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin by 0.05 · 1012/l, or 0.72 % and 0.12 · 1012/l, or 1.72 %; 0.17 · 109 /l, or 1.37 % and 0.41 · 109 /l, or 1.08 %; 2.01 g/l, or 1.55 % and 2.33 g/l, or 1.80 % compared to animals of the control group. In the course of the experiment, a high natural resistance was established in the body of animals receiving the tested feed additives “Lactuvet-1” and “Lactu-Super” in comparison with analogues of the control group. In general, lactulose-containing feed additives “Lactuvet-1” and “Lactu-Super” had a rather significant positive effect on the increase in live weight, the content of shaped blood elements, the level of natural resistance and the composition of immunoglobulins. The feed additive “Lactu-Super” has the greatest efficiency

The first results of the use of the gene pool of the Kalmyk breed on the brown stock of Brown Swiss cattle

The given investigation is devoted to a comparative assessment of the growth, meat productivity and efficiency of beef production by bulls of different genotypes. It was formed 3 groups of bull calves, 15 heads in eachon the 2nd-3rd days after birth: group firstis brown Swiss calves, the second is Kalmyk breed, the third is crossbreeds obtained from crossing Brown Swiss cows and Kalmyk bulls. It has been established that to the age of 18 months, the advantage of Kalmyk bulls and their crossbreeds in terms of live weight over purebred animals of the Brown Swiss breed averaged 16.3-28.2 kg (P>0.999). According to the average daily increase in live weight for the entire production cycle, animals of the Kalmyk breed favorably differed among the analyzed genotypes of young animals, the superiority of which over their peers of different origin varied within 29-61 g (P> 0.999). The difference between bulls of the Brown Swiss breed and crossbreds was 32 g (P>0.999) in favor of the latter. From bull-calves of the Kalmyk breed and their crosses, in contrast to those of the Brown Swiss breed, heavier carcasses were obtained - by 24.8 (P> 0.99) and 14.9 (P> 0.99) kg, slaughter yield is by 2.4 (P>0.99) and 1.4 abs.%, respectively. Representatives of the Kalmyk breed and crossbred peers differed in the highest yield of pulp, whose superiority over bulls of the improved breed was 12.0 (P>0.99) and 7.5 (P>0.99) kg, respectively. A higher level of profitability at the level of 34.6-37.9% was characterized by the descendants of bulls of the Kalmyk breed versus 26.7% in the group of brown Swiss breed.

Combined gas well hydrate prevention and control technology and its application

The high pressure in some gas wells, such as those in the Xushen gas field in Daqing, China, makes them susceptible to freezing and hydrate blockages. Downhole throttling technology is widely used to reduce costs during well construction, however, due to the limitations of temperature, pressure and depth structure, this technology is sometime applied independently in some gas wells in which freezing and blockages are a frequent problem that can seriously affect production capacity. Moreover, artificial alcohol injection of ‘passive plugging’ to prevent hydrate formation not only consumes significant amounts of methanol but its efficiency is also dependent on factors such as weather, personnel and equipment, so it is not a continuous solution. In order to solve the above problems, the mechanism of hydrate formation was analyzed in this study, from which a combined mechanical and chemical hydrate control process was developed. OLGA software was used to design the process parameters of the novel mechanical and chemical inhibition technology for hydrate prevention and control, and also to simulate and analyze the wellhead temperature, pressure and hydrate generation once the process was implemented. Based on the results of the parameters calculation, the downhole throttle and hydrate inhibitor automatic filling device are used to realize the functions of downhole throttle depressurization and hydrate inhibitor continuous filling, reduce the wellhead pressure and hydrate generation temperature, and ensure the continuous production of gas well. This novel combination process was subsequently tested in three wells in the Daqing gas oilfield. Measurements showed that the average daily gas increase from a single well was 0.5×104m3, methanol consumption was reduced from the original maximum daily amount of 1750 kg to just 60 kg, the manual maintenance workload was reduced by 80%, and the rate of the well openings was increased from 45% to 100%. These results proved that this technology is feasible and efficient for applications in gas wells with high downhole pressure and low wellhead temperature, and, thus, provides important technical support for the prevention of gas hydrate and improvement of gas well production.

EFFICIENCY OF FEED ADDITIVE NIKAMAX® FOR NATURAL INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS WITH EIMERIA SPP.

The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the combined feed additive NIKAMAX® (powder for oral use), produced by JSC Biopharm (Ukraine), the active pharmaceutical ingredients of which are the polyester ionophore antibiotic maduramycin and the synthetic compound nicarbazine, in the treatment of coccidiosis in broilers naturally infected with coccidia genus Eimeria (E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina).
 The main criteria for demonstrating the effectiveness of the feed additive NIKAMAX® were: the number of Eimeria oocysts in feces; assessment of intestinal damage; poultry mortality and morbidity associated with coccidiosis. Additional indicators of the effectiveness of the feed supplement were: average live weight; average daily increase in live weight of poultry; average daily feed consumption, the ratio of the amount of feed consumed to growth; data of bird health monitoring during the experiment.
 The results of the study showed that the feed additive NIKAMAX® when added to feed at a dose of 0.5 g per 1 kg of feed, or 3.75 mg of maduramycin ammonium and 40 g of nicarbazin per 1 kg of feed, causes a decrease in the degree of infestation of broilers with coccidiosis, reduces damage of the intestine of a sick poultry, reduces its mortality and morbidity associated with coccidiosis.
 The combination of nicarbazine and maduramycin, what are the active ingredients of the feed additive NIKAMAX®, contributed to an increase in the growth of broiler chickens and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio in the group of birds to which the additive was added to the compound feed, compared to the infected birds to which it was not administered.
 A general assessment of the main and additional efficiency indicators obtained in the study of natural infection of broiler chickens with Eimeria spp. shows that the feed additive NIKAMAX® is an effective coccidiostatic means of prevention and treatment of eimeriosis in broiler chickens.

Hygienic assessment of the probiotic Bioseven influence on the natural resistance of rabbits pre-clinical researches

Rabbit farming plays an important role in the increase of livestock products, one of the precocious branches of small animal husbandry. From a rabbit and its offspring, more than 100 kg of meat can be obtained per year. The body of rabbits, as well as other agricultural and rural animals. animals, during life is under the influence of abiotic and biotic factors that cause growth depression, changes in the morphological composition of blood, and immunological indicators. The use of biologically active drugs that increase immunological reactivity, stimulating growth, development and resistance deserve attention. The use of probiotic preparations of young animals in the early stages of breeding normalizes the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulates the synthesis of immunoglobulin IgA, increases its natural resistance, and activates homeostasis. The aim of the work was to carry out a hygienic assessment of the effect of the probiotic Bioseven on the natural resistance of the rabbit's body. The following methods of observation were used to obtain scientific information: biological, hematological, biochemical studies, statistical. The research was conducted on rabbits of the gray giant breed of both sexes. Healthy animals with the appropriate body weight were used in the experiments. Fluctuations in body weight in the respective groups did not exceed ±10.0%. Animals were kept in groups in cages in compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. The use of the new domestic biologically active drug (probiotic) Bioseven as a means of preventive action is substantiated in the research paper. The drug has been proven to have a positive effect on the morphological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood of animals, increase the natural resistance and growth intensity of rabbits. During morphological studies, it was established that the level of endogenous intoxication of the body of rabbits of experimental groups and controls during the observation period remained stable and amounted to 17.95-18.33% (experimental) and 18.42±0.55 in control, which indicates the absence of a suppressor effects of the probiotic bioseven on the antioxidant properties of the rabbit body in doses: 0.5-5.0 g/head. The economic efficiency of the use of Bioseven consists of: a reduction in the morbidity of animals, an increase in their preservation, an average daily increase in body weight, and therefore an additional increase of 0.300-1.200 kg (depending on the dose), a reduction in the cost of obtaining a unit of production (by 0.5 %) and a decrease in the cost of livestock products per head during the period of the experiment by 5.0–15.0 UAH. Thus, the hygienic evaluation of the effect of the probiotic Bioseven on the natural resistance of the rabbit's body indicates the absence of a suppressive effect of the drug on the metabolic processes of the body of laboratory animals. Key words: rabbit breeding, suppressive effect, probiotic, toxicological characteristics, biochemical, ecologically harmless, complete, food products, of animal origin, food safety, consumer.