Normal Blood Glucose Values Research Articles

Effect of Infection on the Incidence of Hyperglycemic Hemichorea: A Case-Series.

To explore the effect of infection on hyperglycemic hemichorea. The clinical data of 11 patients with hyperglycemic hemichorea admitted to the Affiliated People' s Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College and the Second People's Hospital of Xinxiang were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, clinical symptoms, imaging features, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, infection indicators, and treatment conditions. Eleven patients had acute or sub-acute onset, including 9 females and 2 males, with an average age of 74.55 years. Nine patients presented with unilateral limb involuntary movement and 2 patients presented with bilateral limb involuntary movement. Imaging findings of 9 patients showed abnormalities in the basal ganglia region. Random blood glucose levels were all elevated at admission, with an average blood glucose value of 26.20 mmol/l. Urine ketone bodies were positive in 2 patients, inflammatory indexes were elevated in 7 patients, symptoms of hypoglycemic treatment and anti-infection treatment in 10 patients disappeared, and symptoms of 1 patient disappeared after improved microcirculation treatment. The disease tends to occur in middle-aged and elderly women, and the blood glucose may fluctuate significantly during the onset. Infection may lead to the occurrence and development of the disease. Active control of blood sugar, inflammation and improvement of brain metabolism can effectively control symptoms and prevent recurrence.

Substituting effects of winged bean tuber-modified starches for cassava chip in concentrate diets on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai native beef cattle.

This study examined the effects of substituting winged bean tuber steam (WBTS) modified starches for cassava chips (CSC) in the concentrate diet on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai-native beef cattle. Four Thai-native bulls were assigned randomly as a 4×4 Latin square design, which represents the amount of CSC replaced with WBTS in the concentrate mixture diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Increasing levels of WBTS replacement for CSC in the concentrate diets had a quadratic effect on total dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.05). Replacement of WBTS at 20% and 30% for CSC did not alter total DM intake compared to 0% WBTS, whereas 10% WBTS replacement could significantly increase total DM intake by 0.41 kg DM/d compared to the control group. In addition, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility showed a quadratic increase (p<0.05) when CSC was substituted at various levels of WBTS in the concentrate diet (p<0.05). Replacement of CSC with WBTS at 10% and 20% showed higher NDF digestibility when compared to 0% replacement. There was a quadratic increase in blood glucose at 4 h post-feeding, and the average blood glucose value was significantly lower (p<0.01) when substituting CSC with WBTS. Substituting WBTS for CSC at 10% in the concentrate diet showed the highest blood glucose concentration when compared to other treatments. Replacing CSC with WBTS at 10% and 20% shows a higher concentration of C3 than those of other treatments (0% or 30%). The nitrogen (N) intake increased linearly (p<0.05) when substituting WBTS for CSC at all levels in the diet. Additionally, N retention and the ratio of N retention to N intake increased (p<0.05) when substituting WBTS for CSC at 10%, 20%, and 30% compared to 0%. The gross energy intake (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), and energy efficiency (DEI/GEI) were quadratically increased when substituted with various levels of WBTS for CSC in the concentrate diet. The findings indicate that substituting 10% of CSC in the concentrate diet with WBTS may be sufficient as an alternative feed resource for improving nutrient utilization and metabolic efficiency in beef cattle diets.

Magnetic resonance imaging features to evaluate the neonatal hypoglycemia brain injury and investigation of related risk factors under the fuzzy C‐means clustering intelligent algorithm

AbstractThis research was aimed to analyse the application value of magnetic resonance imaging based on Fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm in neonatal hypoglycemia brain injury (HBI), and explore the risk factors related to the occurrence of brain injury in children, to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. 114 children with hypoglycemia were divided into brain injury group (58 cases) and no brain injury group (56 cases) according to whether they had brain injury or not. The MRI image signal performance, general data, average minimum blood glucose value, duration of hypoglycemia, first feeding time, age of onset of hypoglycemia, and algorithm segmentation performance of the two groups of patients were observed and compared. Furthermore, the Logistic factor analysis was carried out to summarize the MRI characteristics and related risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury. The results showed that the average minimum blood glucose (1.09 ± 0.53 mmoL/L) in the brain injury group was lower than that in the non‐brain injury group (1.75 ± 0.49 mmoL/L), and the duration of hypoglycemia (43.1 ± 21.07 h) was higher than that in the non‐brain injury group (13.79 ± 6.81 h), p &lt; 0.05. The first feeding time and age of hypoglycemia in the brain injury group were higher than those in the non‐brain injury group, showing a difference with p &lt; 0.05. In the brain injury group, all 58 cases showed high DWI (diffusion weighted imaging) signal at the damaged site at the early stage of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and 23 cases (39.66%) were involved in parieto‐occipital lobe. Image segmentation coefficient of Vpc increased significantly under FCM clustering algorithm (p &lt; 0.05). Late first feeding time, low blood sugar level, and long duration were high risk factors for hypoglycemic brain injury. In conclusion, MRI images based on FCM clustering algorithm had higher image quality. Late first feeding time, low blood sugar level, and long duration of hypoglycemia were high risk factors for hypoglycemic brain injury.

Workplace health promotion: results of a combined multidisciplinary intervention over a long period - preliminary results.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is one of the major public health problems. It is the result of the interaction between behavioral, social and endocrine-metabolic components. Already in the 80s, it was highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) that the workplace is an ideal setting for introducing health promotion programs. The aim of the present study was to implement a health promotion program among healthcare workers (HCWs) operating in an Emergency Hospital in Southern Italy, combining diet, sports activity and motivational support over a 24-month period. Participants were HCWs operating in an Emergency Hospital in Southern Italy. The inclusion criteria were as follows: overweight or obesity, i.e., body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, or waist circumference >102 cm (males), >88 cm (females); dyslipidemia without pharmacological treatment, i.e., total cholesterol >220 mg/dL, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <35 mg/dL, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) >130 mg/dL, or triglycerides >200 mg/dL; fasting glucose levels >120 mg/dl and/or reduced tolerance to glucose or diabetes mellitus, without pharmacological treatment was determined through HbA1c. The analysis was conducted on 36 participants. Follow-up was performed after twelve (T12) and twenty-four months (T24). The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values decreased during the time period. The average BMI of both male and female HCWs was significantly reduced from T0 to T12 and from T0 to T24. The triglyceride levels gradually decreased, but not significantly, from T0 to T24. The average blood glucose values decreased from T0 to T12 and from T12 to T24. The number of subjects who started to perform physical activity increased significantly between T0 and T12 and between T0 and T24. The findings have led to a significant change in HCWs' lifestyles and body perceptions, as well as their ability to work.

Diagnosis and treatment of prediabetes as prevention of type 2 diabetes: A review

Prediabetes is defined as a disorder in which the criteria for diabetes mellitus are not met, but normal blood glucose values are exceeded; this intermediate hyperglycemia is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus continues to grow steadily, and therefore the role of timely interventions at the stage of prediabetes is obvious. A modern approach to preventing the progression of prediabetes includes correcting risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, weight loss and/or prevention of weight gain, and improving the quality of life. The first-line therapy for prediabetes is lifestyle modification, which includes changes in diet, physical activity, weight management, bad habits, and sleep hygiene. Thus, a non-pharmacological approach to the treatment of patients, aimed at reducing excess weight, plays a major role. In conditions of insufficient effectiveness of measures to change lifestyle, it is advisable to prescribe drug therapy. Metformin is the first-line drug for preventing the progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. In addition to lifestyle modification, orlistat, drugs from the group of GLP-1 analogues, thiazolidinediones, and acarbose have also demonstrated their effectiveness. Bariatric surgery is associated with improved glycemic control in prediabetic patients.

Glycemic variability and in-hospital death of critically ill patients and the role of ventricular arrhythmias

BackgroundAbnormal glycemic variability is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events, but little is known about whether adverse outcomes are partly mediated by ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We aimed to explore the association between glycemic variability and VA in the ICU and whether VA related to glycemic variability mediate the increased risk of in-hospital death.MethodsWe extracted all measurements of blood glucose during the ICU stay from The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database version 2.0. Glycemic variability was expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV), which was calculated by the ratio of standard deviation (SD) and average blood glucose values. The outcomes included the incidence of VA and in-hospital death. The KHB (Karlson, KB & Holm, A) is a method to analyze the mediation effect for nonlinear models, which was used to decompose the total effect of glycemic variability on in-hospital death into a direct and VA-mediated indirect effect.ResultsFinally, 17,756 ICU patients with a median age of 64 years were enrolled; 47.2% of them were male, 64.0% were white, and 17.8% were admitted to the cardiac ICU. The total incidence of VA and in-hospital death were 10.6% and 12.8%, respectively. In the adjusted logistic model, each unit increase in log-transformed CV was associated with a 21% increased risk of VA (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.31) and a 30% increased risk (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.20–1.41) of in-hospital death. A total of 3.85% of the effect of glycemic variability on in-hospital death was related to the increased risk of VA.ConclusionHigh glycemic variability was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in ICU patients, and the effect was caused in part by an increased risk of VA.

Carbohydrate sources influence growth and intestinal enzyme activity in thin-lip grey mullet (Liza ramada) fry

This work is designed to examine the influence of using four different dietary carbohydrate sources (rice-bran RB, wheat-bran WB, wheat-flour WF, and yellow-corn YC) on growth, feed utilization, relative gut length, biochemical composition, blood glucose, and intestinal enzyme activity in thin-lip grey mullet (Liza ramada) fry. Five diets were evaluated during a 68 days using fifteen glass aquaria (30×40×100 cm) contained 22 L. ramada (0.3 g/fry) per aquarium which included the marine water. The first set remained in a basal regime (∼25% CP), whereas the other four groups provided the tested carbohydrate source separately. Fry feeding was applied three times per day throughout the whole experimental duration. Findings designated an enhancement in growth and feed utilization for fry nourished on both RB and WF contained diets as compared to the corresponding's for fish fed the YC diet. The weight gain values ranged between 0.98 and 1.28 g/fry for YC and RB respectively. Moreover, a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher lipid contents (32.33%) and relative gut length (2.6) of the fry fed the RB diet remained detectable in comparison to other diets. In addition, these results showed significantly variances in concentrations amongst nutritional treatments for highest average blood glucose value (126.33 u/ml), lipase (14 u/ml), and amylase (1982.7 u/ml) in fry fed RB enzymes and liver glycogen (107.3 mg/g) for YC.

Corticosteroid administration and glycemic outcomes during treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundWhile international guidelines recommend low doses of systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) clinical practice patterns show significant heterogeneity. Increasing doses of corticosteroids have inconsistently been associated with a greater risk of hyperglycemia. MethodsPatients admitted to inpatient services for AECOPD were retrospectively enrolled. Hospitalization corticosteroid doses, daily blood glucose levels, and other markers of corticosteroid excess were collected. Correlative and regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between corticosteroid dose and average hospitalization blood glucose. ResultsDaily corticosteroid dose significantly predicted a higher blood glucose (rs=0.179, p=0.0095; p<0.0028 respectively) and cumulative corticosteroid dose predicted a longer hospital length of stay in bivariate and multivariate analyses (rs=0.679, p<0.0001; p<0.0001 respectively). Patients that experienced hypernatremia, hypokalemia, acute hyperglycemia, and acute hypertension received larger corticosteroid doses than patients that did not experience these complicating events. ConclusionsWe identified that increasing amounts of corticosteroids administered to inpatients experiencing AECOPD experienced higher average hospitalization blood glucose values, protracted hospitalizations, and other untoward effects.

Self-Management dan Monitoring Kadar Glukosa Darah sebagai Penguatan Pilar Pengendalian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases of DM. The success of T2DM therapy in controlling blood glucose with self-management can be influenced by individual characteristics, knowledge, health status, health system, and selection of anti-diabetic drugs. Self-management of DM patients is the attitude that patients apply to their understanding of DM, such as controlling diet, physical activity, medication adherence, and glucose management. Education by health workers about basic information on controlling glucose levels and the prevention of complications will improve the self-management of T2DM patients. Objective: This Community Service Program (CSP) aims to increase knowledge, self-management, and control of glucose levels in T2DM patients. Method: This CSP method uses lectures with leaflet media, discussions, questions and answers, and interviews, covering the preparation to evaluation stages individually. Measurement of self-management using the Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire (DSMQ). PCM partner is an Integrated Service for the Elderly in Tipar Kidul Village, Ajibarang. Result: The results of this CSP are that the blood glucose levels of CSP participants have an average blood glucose value of 244.8 mg/dl. As many as 26 (86.3%) are in the uncontrolled and hyperglycemic categories. The result was that the participants' blood glucose levels were 244.8 mg/dl, and 26 (86.3%) were in the uncontrolled or hyperglycemic category. Participants' self-management had a mean value of 37.4, included in the high or good level, and 19 (63%) were in the sufficient category. Conclusion: The outputs of this CSP activity are leaflets as educational media, intellectual property rights certificates of educational brochures, and publications in CSP journals.

Health complications and activity pattern of obese women

Obesity and overweight are creating a global epidemic. They are the risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. Rapidly changing diets and lifestyles are fueling the global obesity epidemic. Once being considered as a problem related to affluence, obesity is now growing fast in many developing countries. A study on health complications and activity pattern of obese women from Parbhani city was carried out . Total 210 obese women of age group 30 to 60 years from overweight (120) and obese (90) areas of Parbhani District of Maharashtra was purposively selected. The general information, health status and activity pattern by the obese women were obtained through a well- structured interview schedule. Lipid profile and blood glucose was estimated for a sub sample of 75 subjects who were willing to give blood sample. Blood pressure of a sub sample of 75 selected women was measured. Results of the study revealed that the values of serum cholesterol and triglyceride observed to be high in obese women. The values of HDL and LDL cholesterol of all the women subjects were found to be in the normal category. The values of VLDL cholesterol was observed to be at higher side in (72 per cent) women.Sixty per cent obese women were having normal blood glucose values whereas significantly more number of studied women were suffering from hypertension. From the study it can be concluded that respondents from both the groups were spending their leisure time on watching T.V. as watching T.V. is a sedentary activity which results in less energy expenditure and may lead to development of overweight and obesity.

Standard-Dose Oral Dextrose Gel for Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Standard-Dose Oral Dextrose Gel for Neonatal Hypoglycemia

453 Efficacy of the Insulin Infusion Calculator Protocol in the Optimization of Perioperative Blood Glucose Levels in the Cardiac Surgical Patients at UAB

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Insulin dosing is crucial for regulating blood glucose in cardiac surgery patients, yet it requires the use of cumbersome insulin dosing charts. To streamline this process, an electronic insulin calculator (IC) is trialed in the cardiac operating rooms and intensive care unit. This study compares glycemic control prior to and after institution of IC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using the EHR, a retrospective population of 3,164 cardiac surgery patient charts from 12/19/19 - 11/06/20 were obtained. Baseline, intra-operative, and ICU blood glucose values were obtained from each patients admission. Using this data, a baseline level of glycemic control throughout a cardiac surgery patients stay was established. A preliminary cohort of 244 patients were then chosen to be managed with the new IC. Baseline, intra-operative, and ICU blood glucose values were obtained in this group for comparison. Paired t tests were used to compare the IC group of patients to the retrospective group of patients. Additional subgroup analysis was performed to assess IC efficacy for on pump vs off pump cardiac surgeries. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The 244 patients managed with the IC showed significantly reduced average blood glucose values during their time in the ICU compared to those previously not managed with the IC (185 mg% vs 153 mg%, p= 0.02). Additionally, a trend towards a reduction in last operating room blood glucose level was also noted. Lastly, average blood glucose levels were significantly reduced for patients undergoing on pump cardiac surgeries compared to off pump surgeries (157 mg% vs 149 mg%, p = 0.03). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Preliminary results suggest IIC to be associated with better intra and postoperative blood glucose control. More data is being collected to test its association with outcomes.

Mining sequences with exceptional transition behaviour of varying order using quality measures based on information-theoretic scoring functions

Discrete Markov chains are frequently used to analyse transition behaviour in sequential data. Here, the transition probabilities can be estimated using varying order Markov chains, where order k specifies the length of the sequence history that is used to model these probabilities. Generally, such a model is fitted to the entire dataset, but in practice it is likely that some heterogeneity in the data exists and that some sequences would be better modelled with alternative parameter values, or with a Markov chain of a different order. We use the framework of Exceptional Model Mining (EMM) to discover these exceptionally behaving sequences. In particular, we propose an EMM model class that allows for discovering subgroups with transition behaviour of varying order. To that end, we propose three new quality measures based on information-theoretic scoring functions. Our findings from controlled experiments show that all three quality measures find exceptional transition behaviour of varying order and are reasonably sensitive. The quality measure based on Akaike’s Information Criterion is most robust for the number of observations. We furthermore add to existing work by seeking for subgroups of sequences, as opposite to subgroups of transitions. Since we use sequence-level descriptive attributes, we form subgroups of entire sequences, which is practically relevant in situations where you want to identify the originators of exceptional sequences, such as patients. We show this relevance by analysing sequences of blood glucose values of adult persons with diabetes type 2. In the experiments, we find subgroups of patients based on age and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), a measure known to correlate with average blood glucose values. Clinicians and domain experts confirmed the transition behaviour as estimated by the fitted Markov chain models.

Next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of atypical herpes simplex encephalitis.

ObjectivesHerpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is one of the most common causes of severe viral encephalitis. The characteristic manifestations of HSE include cerebrospinal fluid with mild cytopenia, dominated by lymphocytes, elevated protein, and normal blood glucose values (3.9–6.1 mmol/L). Although it is not difficult to diagnose classical HSE, diagnosing clinically atypical cases is more difficult.MethodsWe reviewed the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of CSF in a series of patients diagnosed with atypical HSE.ResultsFour patients lacking classical clinical manifestations of HSE, including no fever, headache, or other typical neurological deficit symptoms, 1–2 × 106 cells/L CSF leucocyte count, and no typical imaging features, were diagnosed with atypical HSE by NGS of CSF. The NGS reads corresponding to herpes simplex virus type 1 ranged from 2 to 13,174.ConclusionsMild HSE may not present with classic frontotemporal lobe syndrome and fever may not be an inevitable symptom in patients with immunosuppression. However, the possibility of HSE should be considered in patients with atypical intracranial infection, and these patients should be tested by NGS.

Accuracy of the clinical indicators for Readiness for enhanced health management.

to analyze accuracy measures of the clinical indicators of Readiness for enhanced health management in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus METHODS: prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted with 359 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, followed up in primary healthcare. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit participants. An assessment form was applied with sociodemographic data, health conditions, and information related to the clinical indicators under investigation. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were analyzed FINDINGS: the sample was composed of 359 participants. The prevalence of Readiness for enhanced health management was 93.8%. There was a statistically significant association between the diagnosis and age under 60 years (p < 0.001), having only one chronic condition (p < 0.001), having normal blood pressure (p = 0.017) and blood glucose (p = 0.013) values, and having a nonsedentary (p = 0.026) and nonalcoholic (p = 0.044) lifestyle. All clinical indicators had high predictive values in predicting the nursing diagnosis under investigation. The indicator expresses desire to enhance management of symptoms was the most sensitive (99.7%) and specific (100%). The indicator expresses desire to enhance management of prescribed regimens was also highly specific (100%) CONCLUSION: all clinical indicators were accurate in predicting Readiness for enhanced health management IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: knowing which clinical indicators and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics best predict Readiness for enhanced health management, nurses in primary care can better plan nursing interventions and direct their goals.

965-P: Validity of Number of Daily Self-Reported Blood Glucose Values in Pregnancy

Objective: To determine the validity of number of self-reported glucose values for women with diabetes during pregnancy.Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes presenting with both self-reported blood glucose logs and at least one Glooko glucometer electronic download (gold standard) for an overlapping time period. Patients using continuous glucose monitors were excluded. Average number of daily blood glucose values and matching ratio (matched daily self-reported values/total daily self-reported values) were calculated. Outcomes were compared using the Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test.Results: Thirty-three patients met study criteria. Mean number of daily glucose values was significantly higher by self-report (3.35/day, SD=0.95) than Glooko (2.63/day, SD=1.21) (p=0.01) (Figure A). Patients self-reporting >=3.5 values daily (N=19) had fewer recorded Glooko measurements (p=0.003) while those self-reporting <3.5 values daily (N=14) did not over-report (p=0.84) (Figure B and C).Conclusion: Patients systematically over-report the number of blood glucose values taken daily. Higher levels of self-reported values may reflect a greater likelihood of phantom values.Figure A. Average daily blood glucose values by self-report and Glooko. B and C. Difference between self-report and Glooko for the patient who reported less/more than 3.5 values a day.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureP. Zhao: None. J. P. Dillon: None. A. Visani: None. H. E. Duckham: None. E. B. Carter: None.FundingAmerican Diabetes Association/Pathway to Stop Diabetes (1-19-ACE-02 to E.B.C.)

532-P: Artificial Intelligence Identifies a Modest Influence of Character and Emotions on Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: People with T1DM and their healthcare providers perceive that mood and sleep quality influence blood glucose (BG). Artificial pancreas algorithms use only BG estimates to predict future BG and determine insulin requirements. We aimed to improve the understanding of the effect of emotional states and personality on temporal BG changes using machine learning. Methods: Patients with T1DM using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) completed questionnaires on demographic, socioeconomic and medical information and personality characteristics. For several days, using a mobile app, patients recorded their present valence, arousal state and sleep quality. The data was synced with patient CGM readings and evaluated using gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) over 5-fold cross-validation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and marginal contribution were used to determine model feature importance. BG was divided into three classes: normal (70-180), high (&amp;gt;180), low (&amp;lt;70). For normal BG values, models were trained to predict BG class in the next 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Results: A total of 64 participants (age 48±15 years SEM, years of T1D 18±13, 59% women) from two medical centers participated for 17.3±15.2 SEM days, each reporting valence and arousal 56±53 times. Models using personality and emotional features to predict future BG outperformed models using only BG, albeit by a small margin. Following BG and time-of-day features, both neuroticism and arousal were found to be predictive. Neuroticism levels and sleep were significantly different between participants with HbA1c values under 7.6% and over 9.5%. (p=0.001, p=0.02, respectively). Discussion: Our results show that personality and present arousal are associated with BG fluctuations, while the effect of valence, while detectible, is minute. Integrating personality trait information using standard questionnaires may improve artificial pancreas algorithms. Disclosure G. Shoham: None. I. Hochberg: None. R. Eldor: Consultant; Self; Oramed , Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, MSD Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. R. Gilad-bachrach: None.

Functional state of the organism of the hybrid Russian sturgeon × Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii × Acipenser baerii) after winter in cages in Volga Delta

Two-year-olds (15 individuals) and five-year-olds (15 individuals) of the Russian sturgeon × Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii × Acipenser baerii) hybrid, kept in net cages in the Volga delta, were studied after wintering in order to establish the functional state of the organism according to the complex of indicators of the erythron system and metabolism substances. The results of the performed study found that the erythron system in five-year-olds is characterized by a higher content of erythrocytes and blood hemoglobin (0.58 ± 0.01×10 12 l –1 and 64.98 ± 1.29 g/l, respectively), compared with two-year-olds (0.49 ± 0.02×10 12 l –1 and 64.98 ± 1.29 g/l, respectively).The serum iron content in both groups was the same. A higher content of total protein and albumin in the blood, as well as a greater activity of ALT were found in five-year-olds, compared with two-year-olds. Thus, the content of total protein and albumin in blood serum in five-year-olds was at the level of 48.23 ± 1.54 and 21.58 ± 2.34 g/l, respectively, and in two-year-olds — 32.42 ± 0.92 and 13,84 ± 0.61 g/l, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The activity of serum ALT in five-year-olds was 1.07 ± 0.06 μkat/l, and in two-year-olds — 0.85 ± 0.03 μkat/l (p &lt; 0.01). Serum cholesterol in five-year-olds (3.94 ± 0.04 mmol/l) and two-year-olds (4.4 ± 0.08 mmol/l) did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05). The content of serum triglycerides in five-year-olds (4.50 ± 0.49 mmol/l) and in two-year-olds (5.36 ± 0.45 mmol/l) did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05). The study of carbohydrate metabolism revealed a pronounced variability in the glycemic index in the younger age group (coefficient of variation 44.7 %) with an average blood glucose value of 2.69 ± 0.31 mmol/l. The blood glucose content of five-year-olds was higher than that of two-year-olds — 3.84 ± 0.24 mmol/l (p &lt; 0.05). The established parameters of variation and the age specificity of the indicators of the erythron system, protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism can be used to assess the state of physiological adaptation of the hybrid after wintering in cages in the Volga delta.

Evaluation of the Effect of Macronutrients Combination on Blood Sugar Levels in Healthy Individuals.

Background:The positive effects of blood glucose levels should be demonstrated in healthy or type 2 diabetic individuals who can be recommended to consume macronutrients (protein + fat) with carbohydrates. Therefore, at the end of the research planned with the amount of carbohydrates and fats that can be consumed in a meal, we aimed to recommend the consumption of food with high protein content egg together with the carbohydrate source.Methods:The study was carried out from Nov 2017 to Apr 2018 by looking at fasting blood glucose levels using feeding 2 different test foods on a minimum of 8 h of fasting in the Haliç University Sutluce Campus, Istanbul, Turkey. Before and after the carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein source, blood glucose was measured from the fingertip for 3 days in 30 min, 60 min and 120 min periods. The average of 3 days was used in the analysis.Results:Blood glucose values were compared after individuals were given carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein source. The mean blood glucose value 60 min after the carbohydrate administration was significantly higher than the average blood glucose value 60 min after the carbohydrate + protein administration (P= 0.006).Conclusion:A protein-containing diet positively affects the glycemia response and can recommend it. In individuals with diabetes, they should focus on the effects of proteins to achieve glycemia control.

Early prediction of diabetic type 2 based on fuzzy technique

Intelligent analysis of present lifestyle may help to understand the development of the chronic diseases and the relationship of these diseases together. It is possible to reduce or prevent the development of these diseases. In this work, a novel intelligent method is introduced and applied for early detection of type 2 diabetic. Intelligent analysis depends mainly on evaluation life-threatening conditions (obesity, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol drinking status and low level of physical activities) to extract knowledge from linguistic variablesand design a new cognitive tool to assist in the prediction process.This method consists from three stages: in the first stage, data was collected from 100 healthy volunteers, which includes evaluations of life-threatening conditions. The second stage is implementation of fuzzy model for early prediction of type 2 diabetes. Predicted blood glucose values of proposal technique were compared with average fasting blood glucose values based on analysis of Bland-Altman plot. Furthermore, fuzzy system model presents superior results (accuracy = 81%, precision = 0.57% and recall = 0.83%).