Availability Of Raw Materials Research Articles

The Impact of Foreign Control on The Economic Factor in Southern Arabia Before Islam

Yemen's geographical location, which connects East to West, helped the recovery of its economy. Agriculture was one of the most important factors that characterized the economy of southern Arabia before Islam, as a result of its fertile soil and the availability of water in it, including rainwater, dams and valleys. The agricultural crops varied with Tayeb and incense were the top of Yemeni goods, so they called it the “land of Tayoub”. Yemen was also called “Green Yemen” because of its abundance of goods. The commercial factor also played an important role in raising the Yemeni economy as it served as a link between the countries of the old world. Various trade routes branched out, including land roads, as the incense road is one of the most famous roads that gained wide fame before Islam, as well as sea routes for the transport of commercial caravans. The industrial sector was equally important, with Yemeni workers excelling in diverse industries, the availability of raw materials in the country led to flourishing industries. All these factors contributed to the development of the economy, making it vulnerable to foreign ambitions. Several foreign powers, including the Romans, sought to acquire its wealth. Later, other external powers such as the Al-Ahbash, supported by the Byzantine Empire, and the Sassanid Empire extended their influence over Yemen's riches, ultimately affecting and leading to the demise of the Yemeni civilization. Economic factors were the main drivers of foreign control over southern Arabia.

Use of Meat Industry By-products in Pet Food Industry: Prospects and Sustainability for Startups in India

With the increasing nuclear family, urbanization, incidents of theft, and isolation in society in the last decades there has been a drastic rise in the number of companion animals, especially pet dogs in the country. The pet food industry is witnessing rapid growth due to the increasing demand for pet foods since pet owners are much more aware of well-being and a balanced diet. India is one of the emerging pet food markets in Asia-Pacific. The country imports 45-50% of pet food to meet the domestic requirements. Therefore there is a huge opportunity in the Indian Pet Food Industry and immense potential to venture into the pet food segment. With a series of opportunities, the sector also witnessed a few challenges which include the absence of a uniform regulatory framework, isolated government policies, higher taxation for pet food compared to other food processing industries, and scattered availability of raw materials. This article throws light on the prospects, sustainability, regulation issues, scope, and opportunities for start-ups in the pet food manufacturing segment by utilizing meat industry by-products as the primary source of protein components to produce cost-effectively and meet the recommended nutritional standards to fulfill the present demands of pet foods.

Training on MSME’s Development Strategies in Wooden Painting Crafts (study case Bloomy Wooden Art)

The variety of works of painting in each region creates high competition between one painter and another in marketing their products. Considering that in the 2000s, the development of the 'fine arts market' in Indonesia experienced very rapid growth, especially in the achievement of works and products. Bloomy Wooden Art is a company (home industry) which operates in the field of painting crafts using wood media which has been shaped into wall decorations, multi-purpose boxes, tissue boxes, trays, glasses, bowls, decorative tables, etc. The painting arts highlighted here are naturalistic such as flowers, fruit and natural beauty along with elements and animals. The aim of the service is to implement the strategy for developing wood painting craft MSMEs in West Jakarta. The method of implementing service is in 3 (three) stages, namely the preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. Theory in evaluation uses SWOT analysis to determine weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities. Based on the results of initial observations, Bloomy Wooden Art painting MSMEs are generally running well, but there are still shortcomings in terms of marketing aspects of wooden painting products using the social media Instagram which are not optimal, the availability of raw materials and supporting equipment and knowledge in the field of marketing.

Fresh Milk Supply Chain Analysis in Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera using Food Supply Chain Network Approach

Supply chain management plays a role in ensuring the availability of raw materials from suppliers to the final product reaching consumers. Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera (KTMS) is a cooperative that acts as a link between farmers and dairy processing consumers. However, research on theapplication of the supply chain concept at KTMS has not yet been explored. One commonly used approach to analyze supply chain conditions is the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the fresh milk supply chain conditions at KTMS using the FSCNapproach to comprehensively understand the supply chain conditions. The research was conducted at the Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera (KTMS) from June to July 2024. The method used was qualitative descriptive with observations and interviews using questionnaires relevant to the FoodSupply Chain Network (FSCN) framework with 17 respondents. The results of the study indicate that the fresh milk supply chain conditions at Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera (KTMS), based on the Food Supply Chain Network framework approach, have been running smoothly, although transportation resources and technology resources remain weaknesses for both the farmers and KTMS.

Commentary on the Obtention of Semi-Synthetic Derivatives from Natural Products for Medicinal Applications: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Plants have historically been a primary source of medicines due to their diverse molecular and structural composition. Plant metabolism, comprising primary and secondary processes, produces primary metabolites crucial for growth and secondary metabolites, or natural products (NPs), with specific biological functions. These small molecules are instrumental in pharmacology for their ability to penetrate biological barriers and interact with intracellular targets. The structural complexity and limited availability of NPs have led to research focusing on enhancing their diversity through semi-synthesis. In this commentary, examples of various semisynthetic derivatives of NPs obtained through different synthetic strategies, such as organic semi-synthesis or combinatorial chemistry, are cited. Additionally, the importance of developing hybrid molecules based on the combination of two or more distinct pharmacophores is emphasized. This strategy has been widely implemented to obtain new multitarget drugs applicable to the treatment of multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases, where stimulating the cholinergic system by modulating different therapeutic targets is crucial. However, challenges, such as structural complexity, raw material availability, and the need for precise synthetic methods, persist. Innovations in synthetic routes, sustainable harvesting, and biotechnological advances are critical to overcoming these barriers. The integration of omics technologies, green chemistry principles, and global collaboration is essential to maximize the potential of NPs in drug development, ensuring sustainable and efficient production of new therapeutics.

Utilization of Hibiscus, Tamarind and Carob in Production of Low Calories Healthy Soft Drinks

The demand for carbonated beverages is increasing, offering opportunities to develop drinks with significant health benefits. Beverages containing carob, tamarind and hibiscus offer multiple nutritional and functional benefits and can serve as healthy alternatives to other soft drinks on the market. This is particularly important given the high sugar and calorie content of traditional soft drinks, which has been linked to increased issues associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease globally. The focus of the current work is to evaluate low-calorie soft drinks made from hibiscus, tamarind and carob and sweetened with erythritol that cater to diverse consumer segments, including diabetics and health-conscious individuals. Hibiscus, tamarind and carob extracts were sweetened with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g erythritol sugar/200 ml carbonated beverage. The results showed that the alcoholic extract from hibiscus cups gave the highest content of phenols and flavonoids (70.3 mg gallic/g on DW and 7.8 mg catechin/g on DW), followed by carob pod alcoholic extract (19.3 mg gallic/g on DW) and tamarind alcoholic extract (11.6 mg gallic/g on DW). Tamarind gave a higher content of flavonoids (2.3 mg/g) than carob (1.2 mg/g); however, carob pods had the highest antioxidant activity (91.92%), followed by tamarind pulp (87.66%) and hibiscus cups (79.76%). The soft drinks of hibiscus and tamarind sweetened with erythritol at 1.5 g/200 ml gave the best sensory properties compared with control (adjusted by sucrose at 12% brix) and others concentrations used of erythritol sugar at (0.5 and 1.5 g /200 ml carbonated beverage). Carob pods soft drink sweetened with 0.5 g erythritol /200 ml gave the best sensory characteristics compared to the control sample and others concentrations of erythritol sugar at (1 and 1.5 g /200 ml carbonated beverage), which may be due to the high content of sugars in carob. Hibiscus carbonated beverage outperformed tamarind in terms of overall acceptability and carob carbonated beverage was the least acceptable in terms of sensory properties. Carob carbonated beverage recorded the highest antioxidant activity (90.9%) and phenolic content while representing the second highest in terms of flavonoids. Tamarind carbonated beverage ranked second in terms of antioxidant activity (86.0%) and phenolic content although it ranked first in terms of flavonoids. Hibiscus carbonated beverage recorded the lowest content in terms of antioxidant activity (79.36%), phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Hibiscus, tamarind and carob are a great choice for the production of carbonated beverages because they give the beverage desirable nutritional, cosmetic and medicinal qualities. Moreover, the simplicity of production and availability of raw materials allows for the stimulation of the economy by reducing dependence on multinational companies offering unhealthy or industrialized soft drinks.

Regional Strategies for Implementing Methane Fermentation Technology in Waste Management: Environmental, Technological, and Social Perspectives

This article discusses regional strategies for implementing methane fermentation technology in waste management, considering environmental, technological, and social perspectives. Methane fermentation plays a crucial role in modern waste management and renewable energy production. The article highlights the importance of local climatic, economic, and social conditions that affect the efficiency and profitability of biogas installations. Both barriers and opportunities for technology development in various regions are analyzed, particularly in terms of raw material availability, regulatory support, and social acceptance. Examples of biogas technology applications in different countries are provided, identifying key success factors. The article offers valuable insights for decision-makers responsible for designing and implementing methane fermentation systems, taking into account diverse regional conditions and local needs.

A preliminary investigation of banana pseudo-stem (Musa cavendish) for pulp and paper production: morphology, chemical composition, FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract In today’s world, the use of paper and cardboard increasing but the availability of raw materials and the environmental impact on the paper industry is a big concern. To address these concerns, researchers are exploring the potential of agricultural waste products as raw materials for pulp production. This study uses morphological, chemical composition, FTIR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis to examine the potential of banana pseudo-stem as a raw material for paper pulp to address environmental concerns and raw material shortages in the paper industry. The study reveals favorable characteristics for papermaking, including long fiber length (1750 μm), thin cell wall thickness (9.7 μm), and large lumen diameter (22.15 μm). The chemical composition of banana pseudo-stem contains cellulose (44.93 %), hemicellulose (23.7 %), and Klason lignin (11.1) showing its suitability for pulp production. FTIR analysis highlights the functional groups present on the banana pseudo-stem. The XRD analysis shows that it has a similar cellulosic peak and crystallinity index with common raw materials used in pulp production. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the banana pseudo-stem has high thermal stability. The findings demonstrate that banana pseudo-stem, both by itself and in combination with other raw materials, might be a potential raw material for the pulp production.

POTENTIAL USE OF Pinus patula WOOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PURE AND IN COMBINATION WITH Eucalyptus PLYWOOD PANELS

Plywood panels are products of great importance in the global market, and Brazil is a large producer of conifer plywood, which boosts industrial activities in the south of the country and consequently contributes to the Brazilian GDP. Pinus patula is an unconventional species that requires study for this purpose. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the potential for using Pinus patula wood for the production of pure plywood panels and in combination with Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus dunnii. 8 treatments were produced, pure and in combination of species, which were glued with phenol formaldehyde adhesive, in a grammage of 180 g/m2 and a solids content from the adhesive formulation of 34%, and pressed at a temperature of 140°C for 13 minutes at a specific pressure of 11 kgf/cm2. Pinus taeda was used as a reference species. The physical and mechanical properties were evaluated according to the ABNT NBR 17002 and ABNT ISO 12466 standards. The results demonstrated that, for the majority of the properties evaluated, the Pinus patula panels were statistically equal or superior in relation to Pinus taeda. The “combi” type panels showed that the Eucalyptus species contributed to improving the static bending property. It is concluded, therefore, that Pinus patula has potential for the production of plywood panels, allowing an increase in the availability and diversity of raw materials for industrial processes, and that the static bending property can be improved with the production of panels of the “combi'' type using Eucalyptus veneers.

Analisis Potensi Usaha Rumah Tangga (Home Industri) Emping Melinjo Di Kecamatan Kampung Melayu Kota Bengkulu

This study aims to determine the potential of emping melinjo home industry in Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. This study was conducted in Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City using a qualitative research approach and type. Data sources from emping melinjo business owners. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis used in this study includes reviewing all data, data reduction, presenting data and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data includes extension of participation, observer persistence, and source triangulation. The results of the study showed the potential for home industry of melinjo chips in Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City, there are several potentials, namely determining the capital spent to produce melinjo chips, the availability of raw materials purchased from the same area, namely Enggano, human resources, namely one business owner who has employees and 2 business owners only produce it themselves without the help of human labor, Then to support the production of melinjo chips in the form of marketing carried out by business owners, income from melinjo chips and also getting profit from the home industry of melinjo chips. By improving product quality and marketing, this business has the potential to grow, provide benefits to the community and become a source of sustainable income.

Assessing research needs for informing pet food industry decisions

Abstract The global pet food industry continues to grow being fueled by increased pet ownership, higher disposable income of pet owners, and a growing demand for premium products. While this growth has attracted increased interest of researchers in animal nutrition and product formulation, the overall body of management and economic literature to guide product innovation and marketing strategies in the pet food industry is still limited. This study aims to identify and highlight the most important, relevant, and current research needs for informing product and marketing decisions in pet food. The methods include a quantitative analysis of primary data from a survey of 76 pet food decision makers involved in the procurement of raw material, production, and marketing. The findings suggest the need for extensive research in various areas pertaining to the quality and availability of raw materials, processing methods, and forecasting consumer preferences. The findings also emphasize high value research areas such as identifying alternative protein sources, enhancing nutrient retention during the extrusion process, identifying opportunities for product innovation that align with customer preferences, and accurately predicting consumer demand.

Rethinking Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Sustainable Approach vs. Traditional Methods.

This review portrays a comparison between green protocols and conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis strategies, highlighting each method's advantages and limitations. Various top-down and bottom-up methods in NP synthesis are described in detail. The green chemistry principles are emphasized for designing safe processes for nanomaterial synthesis. Among the green biogenic sources plant extracts, vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, fungi (Molds and mushrooms), bacteria, yeast, algae, and lichens are discussed. Limitations in the reproducibility of green protocols in terms of availability of raw material, variation in synthetic protocol, and selection of material due to geographical differences are elaborated. Finally, a conclusion is drawn utilizing green chemical principles, & a circular economy strategy to minimize waste generation, offering a promising framework for the synthesis of NPs emphasizing sustainability.

Recognizing social forestry's role in bioenergy optimization through geospatial fuzzy-multicriteria analysis

Current bioenergy development has emphasized on degraded land, since the sustainability of bioenergy in the forest sector remains a subject of debate related with emissions and deforestation risk. Thus, this study aims to open new perspectives of how degraded land and social forestry can be potentially combined to significantly impact the energy transition and environmental-societal enhancement. Considering sustainability of Bali as a small island with its unique customary governance structure, a model of biomass energy optimization using geospatial fuzzy-multicriteria analysis was developed to select potential green energy source sites. Firstly, potential degraded land and social forestry were mapped to identify potential feedstock, then normalized using Euclidian Distance and Fuzzy Logic based on identified five sustainability criteria. They are availability of raw material, road, port, transmission, and demand proximities. Meanwhile, using identified three restriction criteria, i.e. protected area, slope and land-use restrictions, a restriction map was developed. The two maps were then integrated using Geospatial-based multicriteria analysis, fuzzy logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting method, to further identify potential green energy source map. The integration shown a significant increase of 60 % in land availability for bioenergy development. Results of study recognized potential 36,527 ha of degraded land; 21,671 ha of social forestry; and 40 optimal locations for bioenergy facilities, considering various spatial and temporal criteria. To conclude, the identified 120 social forestry sites in Bali involving 78,385 household provide opportunity to a community based socio-economic coupled with revitalizing environment efforts, which lead to massive net zero emissions community participation. Further, the integration of social forestry and degraded land should be highly recommended to policy maker in bioenergy development.

Research Progress on the Formation of C-C Bonds through Photoinduced Cross-coupling Reactions Involving Katritzky Salts

Abstract: In recent years, photochemical organic conversion promoted by visible light has attracted the interest of many organic chemists. Compared with the traditional methods, visible light as the photocatalytic oxidation of renewable energy has been proved to be a mild and powerful tool that can promote the activation of organic molecules through the single electron transfer (SET) process. Katritzky salt has been widely used in organic synthesis and drug preparation due to its convenient synthesis, easy availability of raw materials and high stability. These large Katritzky salts derived from amines can easily generate carbon radicals and conduct various organic conversion reactions. At present, this research has become an important research field of organic synthesis. This paper reviews the research results of coupling reactions of Carbon- Carbon bond formation involving visible light promoted Katritzky salts since 2020, and discusses representative examples and reaction mechanisms.

RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CHP ASH IN THE PRODUCTION OF FIRED ASH GRAVEL

The article presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the dump ash of the Kyzylorda CHP hydraulic removal. A huge amount of ash, slag waste is collected in the dumps of the CHP, their accumulation in the dumps leads to a violation of the ecology of the environment. The issue of ash, slag waste disposal is an urgent problem. The use of ash and slag not only solves the issue of availability of raw materials, but also allows to improve the quality of products while reducing their cost. One of the valuable components of ash and slag waste is hydraulic removal ash. Hydraulic removal ash as a raw material can be used for the manufacture of artificial concrete aggregates (ash, agglomerate gravel, etc.). Studies were conducted to study the physico-chemical composition, determine the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, loss during calcination of two types of hydraulic removal ash samples from Kyzylorda CHP (black and gray), which differ in sampling sites from ash dump. When studying the properties of the ash, X-Ray phase analysis was carried out, with the help of which the phase composition of the ash was determined. Work was carried out on the X-Ray phase analysis of ash, determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, calcination losses, which showed the possibility of using ash for the production of building materials. The conducted studies have confirmed the expediency of using the ash of the Kyzylorda thermal power plant in the production of fired ash gravel.

PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAN PAKAN AYAM PETELUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE EONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) PADA PETERNAKAN XYZ DI BANYUWANGI

Delays in the supply of chicken feed at XYZ Farm resulted in a decrease in chicken egg productivity, resulting in chicken death. To ensure that production runs smoothly, XYZ Farms must guarantee the availability of raw materials for chicken feed. The aim of this research is to determine the ideal number of orders for chicken feed supplies to minimize feed shortages due to delivery delays. This research applies the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method to help XYZ farms manage the purchase of raw materials for chicken feed, and Single Exponential Smoothing to forecast supplies that are updated continuously by considering the latest data. The forecasting calculation uses an accuracy of 0.6 for the need for katul, corn and concentrate in January 2024. The results of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) calculation show that the optimal order for Katul is 6,702 kg, corn 29,190 kg, concentrate 25,402 kg. Orders are made 4 times a month, and Reorder Point is made when 1,586 kg of katul remains, 6,494 kg of corn and 8,742 kg of concentrate. Reordering or Reorder Point (ROP) is needed to overcome the potential for stock out during lead time TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //

Selection of potential location for technopark based on pineapple SMEs using AHP-GIS techniques in Kampar Regency

Kampar Regency, as the largest pineapple producer in Riau Province, has yet to provide significant added value for the surrounding SMEs. The limitations in technology and innovation, infrastructure support, and market access have prevented this potential from being optimally utilized. A Technopark can provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure to enhance production efficiency, innovation, and product quality, thus driving local economic growth. The objective of this study is to identify and determine potential locations for the development of a pineapple-based Technopark in Kampar Regency. This study is crucial as a fundamental consideration in selecting the technopark location and assessing the effectiveness and success of the technopark area. The method used in this study is AHP-GIS to analyze relevant parameters in the site selection process for the technopark area. Parameters considered in this study include slope, land use, availability of raw materials, accessibility of roads, access to water resources, proximity to universities, market access, population density, and landfill. The analysis results indicate that the percentage of land highly suitable for the technopark location is 0.78%, covering an area of 8943 hectares. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that potential locations for the development of a pineapple SMEs-based technopark in Kampar Regency are dispersed in Tambang District, encompassing three villages: Rimbo Panjang, Kualu Nenas and Tarai Bangun. The findings of this study align with the spatial planning of Kampar Regency.

COMPARING vaccine manufacturing technologies recombinant DNA vs in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA

Vaccine manufacturing fosters the prevention, control, and eradication of infectious diseases. Recombinant DNA and in vitro (IVT) mRNA vaccine manufacturing technologies were enforced to combat the recent pandemic. Despite the impact of these technologies, there exists no scientific announcement that compares them. Digital Shadows are employed in this study to simulate each technology, investigating root cause deviations, technical merits, and liabilities, evaluating cost scenarios. Under this lens we provide an unbiased, advanced comparative technoeconomic study, one that determines which of these manufacturing platforms are suited for the two types of vaccines considered (monoclonal antibodies or antigens). We find recombinant DNA technology to exhibit higher Profitability Index due to lower capital and starting material requirements, pertaining to lower Minimum Selling Price per Dose values, delivering products of established quality. However, the potency of the mRNA, the streamlined and scalable synthetic processes involved and the raw material availability, facilitate faster market penetration and product flexibility, constituting these vaccines preferable whenever short product development cycles become a necessity.

Influence of sulfurization temperature on grain growth in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films synthesized for solar cell applications

Copper-zinc-tin-sulfur (CZTS) thin films, prepared through a dip-coating solution method, present a highly attractive option as absorber materials for thin-film solar cells. This is due to their affordability, environmentally friendly composition, and abundant availability of raw materials. Although films processed with hydrazine-based solutions have achieved the highest efficiency of approximately 12.6%, the toxic and carcinogenic nature of hydrazine negates these advantages. In the ongoing global research on solution-based processing methods, the size of the grains has emerged as a critical factor in the fabrication of efficient solar cells. In our study, we have successfully prepared CZTS thin films with a pure kesterite phase, characterized by large micro-sized grains, using a dip-coating process with an ethanol-based precursor solution, followed by sulfurization. We investigated how the grain size evolves with varying sulfurization temperatures. Notably, we observed that increasing the temperature led to larger and more uniform grain growth. These results underscore the potential of our approach for the straightforward production of high-quality films with sizable grains, ultimately enhancing their photosensitivity and making them a promising candidate for efficient solar cell applications.

Analisis Profitabilitas Pelaku Usaha Gula Semut di Desa Serayu Larangan

Research objectives a) Identify the internal and external factors of ant sugar business actors in Serayu Larangan Village, Mrebet District, b) Find out the level of production, production costs, profits and profitability of ant sugar business actors in Serayu Larangan Village, Mrebet District. The research method used was a survey with location determination carried out purposively in Serayu Larangan Village, Mrebet District with a total of 3,831 productive coconut trees managed by 169 craftsmen with an average production reaching 115,050 kg. The sample was determined purposively as many as 20 ant sugar business actors who were considered to represent those who had been working in this profession for more than 3 years and also as their main livelihood. The type of data collected is primary and secondary data through interview, observation and documentation techniques. Qualitative and quantitative data processing techniques. Profitability is the ratio between profit/profit from sales of ant sugar. The results of the research show the identification of internal and external factors in the ant sugar business, including availability of land, availability of raw materials, skills of the perpetrator, availability of labor in the family and sources of capital, market demand, prices of ant sugar products tend to be high, technological developments, and the presence of competitors. from outside villages, and collaboration with outside. Ant sugar business actors in Serayu Larangan Village, Mrebet District have an average total cost structure of IDR 94,952.37,- with an average of IDR 159,732.50,-. The gain or profit was IDR 64,780.13, - with a profitability value of the ant sugar business actor of 68.22%, meaning that every time IDR 1.00 of production input is used, it will produce a profit of IDR 68.22.