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Urban–ruraljustice

<scp>Urban–rural</scp>justice

The role of renewable energy, immigration and real income in environmental sustainability target. Evidence from Europe largest states

In spite of the continued deployment of technologies, innovations toward addressing the challenges of global warming, forecasting and sustaining quality environment have remained the herculean endeavour of the advanced states. Also, being migrants' destinations, resulting from the availability of economic opportunities, the target of attaining low-carbon, energy efficiency, and the cleaner atmospheric environment by these advanced economies is further bewildered. In that light, we investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption and migration on the carbon dioxide emissions of the panel of European Union's largest economies of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom over the period of 1990–2016. The consistency of the group fully modified least square and dynamic ordinary least square presents elasticity of −0.13 and −0.14 respectively for the nexus of renewables and carbon emissions. Similarly, 0.04 and 0.05 are the respective elasticity of the two models for the nexus of migration and carbon emissions. In support of extant literature, the nexus of carbon emissions with gross domestic product and consumer price index are significant, and respectively positive and negative. In addition, the study reveals evidence of Granger causality with feedback between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions, and between consumer price index and carbon emissions. On the other hand, a unidirectional Granger causality running from migration to carbon emissions is observed. In practical term, the study presents policy frameworks for the examined countries and other advanced nations. The implementation of the presented policy pathways are potentially geared toward a forecastable, sustainable environmental quality and energy efficiency targets.

Bridging technology adoption gaps in livestock sector in Ethiopia: A innovation system perspective

The failure of the majority of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia to take advantage of agricultural technologies and economic opportunities in the livestock sector remains an unresolved puzzle. This paper assesses the role of economic, social, political and organizational processes on technology adoption in smallholder livestock production systems based on innovation systems perspective. Functions of the innovation systems framework was used to assess the missing links in the dairy sector value chains. The results show that weak or missing innovation systems functions such as entrepreneurship, knowledge diffusion, market development, and policy advocacy mirror the low uptake of improved technologies in the livestock sector. Shortage of domestic suppliers of key technological inputs and services, weak input and output markets and weak interaction among value chain actors have been the major hindrances to livestock development. For example, there were no reliable sources of improved breeds of dairy heifers, veterinary supplies, quality semen, and equipment. The results suggest that technical knowledge and availability of economic opportunities alone may not be enough to stimulate the uptake of technologies and commercialization of dairy production. The peculiar nature of inputs, services, and output in the livestock sector requires innovative business models that can facilitate the coordination of knowledge, skills, inputs, services and output markets in livestock value chains.

КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ ПОДХОД КАК ОДНА ИЗ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ

Clusters are considered as one of the types of local production systems, the mandatory features of which are the availability of economic opportunities for selfdevelopment, manageability and security of various public and private institutions. Among the main advantages of clusters as a form of organization of production in the territory are the territorial localization of the main mass of economic entities participating in the cluster; innovative orientation; opportunities to enhance the competitive advantages of the cluster location region; taking into account the positive synergies of the territorial agglomeration. The paper gives a brief description of the world experience in the formation of modern clusters, including the approaches taken as the initial reference point for strategic development abroad, including the EU countries, as well as the concept of clustering as a way to use regional resources and scientific and technical potential effectively. The authors enumerate the main difficulties in the implementation of cluster policy in the conditions of Russia, including the weak positions of applied science; lack of an effective mechanism to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; shortcomings in the management system; problems of financing, etc.