Auxiliary Sciences Of History Research Articles

Kodikologija Lietuvoje 1918–1990 metais: tarp knygos istorijos ir paleografijos

The article discusses the development of the discipline of codicology in Lithuania in the period 1918-1990 thus continuing the research carried out from the early 19th century until 1918. The concept of codicology and its affiliation with the discipline of book studies allow us to identify the chronology of the research with the development of book studies, which entered the stage of independent science in the period under discussion. This was also the time when the discipline of codicology in Western Europe underwent a quantum leap - with the birth of the term codicology and the emphasis on its distinction from palaeography. The concept expanded to include the study of manuscripts in various aspects - from their physical structure to the reception of written culture. Did this influence the development of the discipline in Lithuania? Did it succeed in renewing the codicological research that had begun at the beginning of the 19th century? How did the science of codicology develop in the turbulent 20th century? Why did codicology failed to become the subject of a separate research and is hardly mentioned in Lithuanian science? The answer to these questions is sought through the bibliographies of Lithuanian book studies and history, publications of sources of the period, and the history of Lithuanian scientific institutions. The research enables us to talk about two distinct periods. Between 1918 and 1939, the subjects of bibliography and book history were formed and established in Lithuanian scholarship, while the history of the manuscript book was recorded as the earliest period of Lithuanian book history. The bibliographies, which were started on a national basis, recorded single copies of codices in a variety of languages and included some external features, but the manuscripts did not receive a closer look. V. Biržiška formulated the concept of the history of the manuscript book with a distinction between the Cyrillic and Latin codices. His insights about the poor quality of manuscript books in the GDL were later developed to some extent but remained mainly unchanged until the 1990s, and apparently influenced the subsequent development of research. The first phase can therefore be called the bibliographical period. The second phase covers the period 1945-1990. The end of the Second World War saw the reactivation of academic institutions, the training of a new generation of historians and librarians, the accumulation of manuscript books, and the appearance of individual works on the history of the book. However, we can only speak of codicological research and attention to the manuscript book as a research object since the 1980s. Historians and philologists (S. Lazutka, E. Gudavičius, V. Raudeliūnas, V. Mažiulis, V. Drotvinas), following the work of the scholars of the Vilnius Imperial University in the early 19th century, began to publish sources of writing. The comprehensive study of the First Statute of Lithuania by S. Lazutka and E. Gudavičius, published in 1983, clearly demonstrated the difference between codicology and palaeography. The detailed codicological description, still called palaeography, was used as an auxiliary research method to argue the origin and originality of the text, the history of its functioning and the dating process. Thus, between 1945 and 1990, codicology completely fulfilled its role as an auxiliary science of history. While book studies became an independent discipline in the period under discussion, codicology did not become as a discipline complete in itself. It remained a discipline between book history and palaeography, looking for a place in the structure of Lithuanian science. Although the term codicology was already in use in the scientific world and the concept of the term had expanded considerably, it did not function in Lithuanian science. However, it is significant to note that the studies in which codicology was used as an auxiliary science at the same time developed the topics of book science, raised new questions, and drew attention to new phenomena and cultural connections.

Studium historyczne na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (1919–1939)

The operations at the University in Vilnius, reactivated in 1919, were stabilized only after the Polish-Bolshevik War and the incorporation of the Vilnius Region into the Commonwealth in 1922. Over the majority of functioning, the SBU's authorities encountered issues with maintaining the full staffing. The positions adequately filled were limited to those within the Department of Polish History, the Department of Modern History, the Department of Medieval History and Auxiliary Sciences of History, and the Department of Eastern-European History. Stanisław Kościałkowski, Felix Koneczny, Kazimierz Chodynicki, Ryszard Mienicki, Janusz Iwaszkiewicz, Teofil Emil Modelski, Stanisław Zajączkowski, and Henryk Łowmiański are among the notable representatives of Vilnius' Clio that need to be mentioned. Despite continuous development, the University had a regional character. Both the academic studies and programs offered by the historical departments were focused on the history of Eastern Europe, notably on Polish-Moscow relations and the history of Lithuania, specifically the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Vilnius. The academia remained overshadowed by national universities. However, it was perceived as a vital institution by the Kingdom of Poland and the citizens of Vilnius, having a significant impact on the shape of Polish identity and culture.

A partire da un recente saggio: la genealogia quale scienza storico-documentaria

Taking inspiration from a recent book by Marcello Verga, the present paper reaffirms the scientific status of genealogy and focuses on the importance of this autonomous subject, fundamental in carrying out correct research in many fields. The paper also underlines the crucial role played by all historical documentary sciences (once equivocally called ‘Auxiliary sciences of History’) and the reasons why their enhancement and development remains essential, especially in the academic world.

Dialog kultur naukowych. Teoretyczne koncepcje metody historycznej Brygidy Kürbis w kontekście niemieckojęzycznej refleksji nad uprawianiem historii

In this paper, I attempt to answer the question – how the ideas of German-speaking historians influenced Brygida Kurbis’s concepts of the theory of history and historical methodology. I focus on the categories elaborated by her, that are fundamental to the researcher in the field of historical method, such as source studies (fontology) as well as auxiliary sciences of history.

L’impact de l’archéologie et de l’idéologie sur les stéréotypes dans quelques fictions ayant pour sujet la Carthage punique

Fiction that had Punic Carthage as subject was, until the beginning of the 19th century, exclusively based on the historic sources written by Greeks and Romans. Nevertheless, the first – rivals of Carthage, and second – their enemies, have necessarily proposed to their posterity a biased story, full of subjectivity, rivalry or even hate. The development of archeology as a field of research as well as an auxiliary science of history has allowed to confront the ancients texts with the material coming from the Punic civilization, and consequently questioned centuries old ingrained stereotypes about Carthage. The decolonization of two countries that were directly influenced by Punic Carthage – Tunisia and Lebanon – has then emerged new stakes: the ideology used historic information to support the national identity of these freshly born countries. In Salammbô the autor of the Dictionnaire des idées reçues paradoxically mentions the historic stereotype that nourished the existence of Moloch god. In Elegie à Carthage, Senghor use the Didon myth to support the Panafricanist ideology. Finally, the Tunisian Fawzi Mellah and the Libanese J-J Tabet both dispute Elyssa identity.

Metoda wydawnicza Brygidy Kürbis

Brygida Kürbis, a medievalist from Poznań, who died in 2001, thanks to her publications, contributed a lot to increasing the importance of both editing medieval chronicles and source studies, which are auxiliary sciences of history. The author deliberately modified the postulated rules and principles of publishing written sources in editorial practice, depending on the type of released texts and publishing capabilities, changing over time.

Grb i zastava opštine Kosovska Mitrovica

Heraldic is the auxiliary science of history that deals with the research of coat of arms and vexillology is the science that emerged from heraldic and deals with the study of flags. The first town coats of arms in the South-Slavic area appeared in 13th century and some much later. Kosovska Mitrovica is a city in the North of Kosovo and Metohija in the Republic of Serbia and it got its first real coat of arms-emblem after World War Two. The municipal authorities announced the competition for the new coat of arms that was published in "Vecernje Novosti" in 2011. Nine works participated in the competition. The five-member panel that was supposed to chose the ideal solution suggested the municipal authorities to annul the competition since no option was appropriate for them. The municipal authority annulled the competition but they noticed the its mistake soon and corrected it very quickly after that. In that way municipality Kosovska Mitrovica got its coat of arms and a flag as well. The coat of arms of Kosovska Mitrovica municipality fully reflects its historical, cultural, religious, geographic and economic features but also the natural elements of the Kosovska Mitrovica municipality with its distinctive features. The coat of arms exists in three forms: small, medium and large depending of municipality's need and in accordance with the unwritten heraldic practice regarding the use of coat of arms of cities and municipalities in the Republic of Serbia. The municipal flag is represented on the large coat of arms of the municipality but it is also used as a separate symbol of the municipality.

Bazy genealogiczne jako pomoc w poszukiwaniu przodków

<p>Genealogia, chociaż uważana za jedną z nauk pomocniczych historii, coraz częściej wymaga nowoczesnego podejścia i nowych możliwości upowszechnienia przekazywanej informacji. Genealogiczne bazy danych doskonale się do tego nadają i stają się przez to coraz bardziej powszechne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest charakterystyka sześciu wybranych baz genealogicznych, omówienie okoliczności powstania i rozwoju, zasad gromadzenia materiału oraz ich funkcjonalności, w tym udostępniania danych, możliwości przeszukiwania ich zasobów oraz filtrowania rezultatów wyszukiwania. Autor wyjaśnił, jak należy definiować i postrzegać genealogiczne bazy danych, jak klasyfikować ich zasoby oraz w jaki sposób z nich korzystać.</p>

Współczesne badania nad manuskryptami greckimi Krakowa źródłem nowych rezultatów badawczych

Contemporary methodology is crucially important for conducting any research which can be called scientific. This pertains also to the area of literary studies and linguistics in a broad sense. Palaeography, which is no longer just one of the many auxiliary sciences of history, has a major role to fulfil in this respect. The most important issue is that owing to the new approach in the palaeographic and codicological studies it is possible to verify information about dating of a text, as well as the place and background of its creation and its further fate. In this way, several mistakes in the analysed texts have already been corrected.

Archival Studies in Ukraine: Between Tradition and Challenges of Information Era

The article it devoted to analysis of the new trends in the archival education in Ukraine connecting with evolution of society and archives in information era. The author explores the models of archival education in Ukraine in a context of a new archival paradigm. Special attention is given to the activity of the Archival Studies Department at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv which offers a distinctive training program on archival theory, history and methodology as well as on Source Studies and Auxiliary Sciences of History. However, the challenges of a new information era led to the establishment in some centers for records managers’ training. Nowadays educators and archivists recognize the necessity of modernizing archival training programs, bringing them to the contemporary needs and archival practice. The author offers her view on getting balance between History, Memory, and Informational Technologies at the Archival Studies’ curricula.

ŁÓDZKI OŚRODEK HISTORIOGRAFICZNY. ŚRODOWISKO, BADANIA, DYDAKTYKA*

The article consists of three parts. It begins with a short characteristics of the lodz historiographic centre; the Author discusses the three generations of researchers who carried out research in the fi eld at the University of Lodz (UŁ). Th e second part is devoted to characterizing the interests and research achievements of the current members of the Department of the History of Historiography and the Auxiliary Sciences of History. Th e doctors promoted in the recent years were also included. Th e fi nal part of the article presents the courses in the history of historiography currently being held at the Institute of History, UŁ.

Tablet as a New Interactive Tool for Education Paleography

This article is focused on the possibilities and usability of mobile devices for the study of paleography, the auxiliary science of history. The main aim of the text is to introduce new advanced way of practising ancient inscriptions and modes of writing with the help of tablet mobile device. The use of this new media is changing the face of education and is creating new opportunities for improving the quality of education and learning. This article tries to uncover students’ new approaches to modern, innovative and interactive learning of old handwritings using various mobile applications. The authors of this article want to outline new ways of reading and writing old inscriptions.

Eusébio de Sousa e o processo de criação do Arquivo Público do Estado do Ceará em 1932

This article establishes an intense dialogue with the historical, political and archival guidelines of Eusebio Neri Alves de Sousa (1883-1947), who was a lawyer, judge, journalist and historian, effective member of the Anthropological, Geographical and Historical Institute of Ceara (Ceara Institute, founded in 1887), director of the Public Archives of the State of Ceara and also of the Historical Museum of Ceara from 1932 to 1942. I highlight Sousa’s historical discourse in several books, official documents, articles he wrote and historical productions, as well as his achievements and directions found in the Public Archive, which dated and legalized the archival tradition and Archive in Ceara as from 1932 (and not in the XIX century), under the influence of historical studies of the Institute of Ceara and paradigms that ruled the Public Archives in the XX century as a place of the memory, the historical document, and of history writing, based on the idea that the Archival memory was an auxiliary science of History.

History as Dialogue: On Online Narrativity

Digital history covers a wide variety of information technology driven initiatives about the past. Many reflections on digital history either consider the auxiliary sciences of history or public history, whilst they tend to disregard historical understanding as it is traditionally achieved in the academic historical narrative. The problem is that the historical monograph no longer seems an appropriate model for historical understanding in a digital environment. How then, are we to conceptualise online historical understanding? Information technology, we are told, is participatory, interactive, dynamic, and collaborative, enabling direct communication. It can therefore be argued that the dialogue is the underlying concept of information technology. We may push this concept even further, at the risk of being misunderstood, and present it as an online alternative for academic history writing. The function of such an exercise is to underline and provoke a much needed reflection on historical understanding in the digital age. This article is part of the special issue 'Digital History'.

Şikago Üniversitesi Şarkiyat Enstitüsü’nde Muhafaza Edilen Eyyûbi ve Memluk Sikkeleri

Numismatics has an outstanding place among the auxiliary sciences of history. Sometimes a small coin randomly incoming shed light on historical data which is never seen in numerous historical books. Coins which are very important as historical materials are also the symbol of nationalization process for societies because pressing a coin is the symbol of reign both for the past and the present. A lot of elements such as political status of an established state, its economic situation, reign area, reign duration, interaction with other states and even its conception and level of art and aesthetics are among the valuable data gathered from coins. In this study, Warren C. Schaultz describes 47 coins preserved in the Oriental Institute Museum of the University of Chicago dating from the Ayyubid(1174-1250) and Mamluk (1250-1517) regimes of Egypt and Syria. Moreover, he referred to the similar ones in Paul Balog’s catalogue who has done extensive research on Ayyubids’ and Mamluks’ history.

Fernand Braudel y las Ciencias Sociales

The disciplinary relations in the so called Social Sciences have not been never idyllic, but rather quite the opposite. The fights in order to obtain to the institutional predominance have been constant, and the historians have had a decisive role in them, trying to turn the rest of Social Sciences into mere auxiliary sciences of History. In this article we will see how Femand Braudel chose to maintain a dialogue with each one of the main branches of Social Sciences with clearly strategic-corporative aims.