Auxiliary Purposes Research Articles

К вопросу об отнесении линейных объектов к объектам капитального строительства, недвижимого имущества, категории единого недвижимого комплекса

This article examines the classification of linear objects within the context of capital construction, real estate, and single real estate complexes. The study reviews relevant provisions of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other federal laws and subordinate regulations. The explanations of authorized authorities, acts of judi-cial authorities, opinions of researchers of civil law science on the concept of linear objects and their inherent characteristics, belonging of linear objects to capital construction objects, real estate, the ratio of these con-cepts, belonging of linear objects to the category of a single immovable complex, things of auxiliary purpose, the specifics of linear objects in comparison are analyzed with other objects of civil rights in terms of restrictions on the interests of land rights holders, necessary for the placement, maintenance and repair of linear objects, the extension of the protected zone of linear objects with a special legal regime to a certain part of the land plots. Conflicts of law, controversial issues of judicial practice are revealed, the author’s definition of linear ob-jects is formulated, including their inherent features. The directions of the development of regulatory regulation, including in terms of the unification of terminology and proposals to consolidate the types of linear objects re-lated to real estate by the norms of special legislation, are determined.

Research on All-round Education in Ancient Book Theory

Traditional Chinese literary and artistic criticism usually unifies moral standards and artistic standards. This criticism emphasizes the consistency of human and artistic style, closely combines art and life, and evaluates artistic works with moral standards as an important aspect of artistic standards. Like literature and art, calligraphy is closely related to morality. In ancient calligraphy criticism, the personality and morality of calligraphers are usually regarded as an important standard to judge the achievement of calligraphy. Therefore, there have been sayings such as "the book is the person" and "the book is the mind painting" in China since ancient times. Therefore, the art of calligraphy can be called a moral activity, and calligraphy criticism can also be called a moral criticism. Ancient China has a long history and a long time span. Social life and cultural trends in different historical periods have a profound impact on the emergence, development and change of artistic functions. As a special spiritual production, art is to meet people's aesthetic needs as the main purpose, while taking into account other values as the auxiliary purpose. This paper studies the function of all-round education of calligraphy art and its influence and value on the present calligraphy.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Criminal Procedure: Key Areas, Basic Legal Principles and Problems of Correlation with Fundamental Human Rights

Background: Digital technologies are an important factor currently driving society’ development in various areas, affecting not only traditional spheres, such as medicine, manufacturing, and education, but also legal relations, including criminal proceedings. This is not just about using technologies related to videoconferencing, automated distribution, digital evidence, etc. Development is constantly and rapidly moving forward, and we are now facing issues related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies in criminal proceedings. Such changes also entail new threats and challenges – we are referring to the challenges of respecting fundamental human rights and freedoms in the context of technological development. In addition, there is the matter of ensuring the implementation of basic legal principles, such as the presumption of innocence, non-discrimination and the protection of the right to privacy. This concern arises when applying artificial intelligence systems in the criminal justice system. Methods: The general philosophical framework of this research consisted of axiological and hermeneutic approaches, which allowed us to conduct a value analysis of fundamental human rights and changes in their perception in the context of the AI application, as well as apply in-depth study and interpretation of legal texts. While building up the system of the basic principles of using AI systems in criminal justice, we used the system-structural and logical methods of research. The study also relied on the comparative law method in terms of comparing legal regulation and law enforcement practice in different legal systems. The method of legal modelling was applied to emphasise the main areas of possible application of AI systems in criminal proceedings. Results and Conclusions: The article identifies the main possible vectors of the use of artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings and assesses the feasibility and prospects of their implementation. In addition, it is stated that only using AI systems for auxiliary purposes carries minimal risks of interference with human rights and freedoms. Instead, other areas of AI adoption may significantly infringe rights and freedoms, and therefore the use of AI for such purposes should be fully controlled, verified and only subsidiary, and in certain cases, prohibited altogether.

Microfabrication Process Development for a Polymer-Based Lab-on-Chip Concept Applied in Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry.

Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) combining sensing and microfluidics functionalities, as are common in Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, are increasingly based on polymers. Benefits of polymers include tunable material properties, the possibility of surface functionalization, compatibility with many micro and nano patterning techniques, and optical transparency. Often, additional materials, such as metals, ceramics, or silicon, are needed for functional or auxiliary purposes, e.g., as electrodes. Hybrid patterning and integration of material composites require an increasing range of fabrication approaches, which must often be newly developed or at least adapted and optimized. Here, a microfabrication process concept is developed that allows one to implement attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and electrochemistry on an LoC device. It is designed to spatially resolve chemical sensitivity and selectivity, which are instrumental for the detection of chemical distributions, e.g., during on-flow chemical and biological reaction chemistry. The processing sequence involves (i) direct-write and soft-contact UV lithography in SUEX dry resist and replication in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers as the fluidic structure; (ii) surface functionalization of PDMS with oxygen plasma, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES), and a UV-curable glue (NOA 73) for bonding the fluidic structure to the substrate; (iii) double-sided patterning of silicon nitride-coated silicon wafers serving as the ATR-FTIR-active internal reflection element (IRE) on one side and the electrode-covered substrate for microfluidics on the back side with lift-off and sputter-based patterning of gold electrodes; and (iv) a custom-designed active vacuum positioning and alignment setup. Fluidic channels of 100 μm height and 600 μm width in 5 mm thick PDMS were fabricated on 2" and 4" demonstrators. Electrochemistry on-chip functionality was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of redox reactions involving iron cyanides in different oxidation states. Further, ATR-FTIR measurements of laminar co-flows of H2O and D2O demonstrated the chemical mapping capabilities of the modular fabrication concept of the LoC devices.

JA PANESE LOANWORDS IN THE CZECH NATIONAL CORPUS

The article discusses some aspects of the functioning of Czech nouns of Japanese origin. Both lexical Japanisms named in the New Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Czech Language (2016) and nouns included in the Neomat electronic database in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are considered. The data of the Czech written and spoken corpora, which are constituents of the Czech National Corpus project, are used. The absolute and relative frequency of use of a particular lexeme, as well as its ARF (= Average Reduced Frequency) was determined with the help of the 4.9 billion-strong corpus of modern written Czech texts SYNv9. The WaG (= Word at a Glance) program developed within the framework of the Czech National Corpus project to determine the regional, gender, age and educational characteristics of Czech speakers using a particular lexeme was used. Russian correspondences to the Czech words of Japanese origin under consideration were given for purely auxiliary purposes, so that the principles of their graphic design were not discussed.

Model-Based Power Management for Smart Farming Wireless Sensor Networks

A model-based strategy for an efficient power supply control used in a wireless sensor network is presented. The strategy, based on Pulse-Skipping Modulation, regulates the current charging a battery, delivered by a photovoltaic source, resulting in an accurate current regulation and highly efficient power management. The strategy is implemented on a microcontroller unit and compensates for the microcontroller self-absorbed current. The modulation signal is generated through a full software interface, reducing the requirement for external components. Experimental validations, performed on a charger prototype by using a laboratory photovoltaic device simulator, proved that both regulation accuracy, regulation resolution and converter efficiency achieved are superior to the classic Pulse-Width Modulation. The approach results in a simple practical implementation, carries over the advantages of an up-to-date model for the photovoltaic device, and serves the auxiliary purpose of using the photovoltaic source as an instantaneous solar irradiance sensor.

Plagiarism Detection: An Eloquent and Avaricious System Using Pycharm

In today’s conceptual and scholastic world, proving authenticity and prototype is one of the most paramount concerns to decipher. One such type of scientific delinquency is plagiarism. Copying someone else’s writings and pasting that as self is delineated as plagiarism. When the electronic media acquired journal publications comprehensively, writing manuscripts, content, or any simple article has become more obtainable, approachable, and congenially duplicable. In this paper, our catchphrase is to resurrect integrity, ethical conduct, guidelines, and rules regarding intellectual theft in the academic field. Decisively, this is possible only when the plagiarism checker might become impeccable and full-proof. This paper spotlights the dominant issues like plagiarism detection, plagiarized sources identification, and bona fide report dispensation. With an additional justification, the auxiliary purpose of this paper is also comprehending a text summarizer with a plagiarism detector to lessen redundancy and repetitive motives. As the invasion of plagiarism is escalating in an accelerating mode, it has become more drastic to pull this issue over to null character for the genuine author and academician.

A new stage in the development of housing construction

The perspective development of large-modular housing construction is considered as an important area of a significant increase in the pace and volume of housing construction. The analysis of the manufacture and use of blocks used for container mobile buildings for industrial and auxiliary purposes, as well as aggregated blocks for complete block construction of oil and gas facilities is given. The types of block modules of large-scale residential buildings and the technological sequence of their installation are indicated. The problems of transportation of block modules and mechanization of their lifting and installation in the design position are formed and analyzed, and the ways of their solution are revealed.

Additive micro-manufacturing of crack-free PDCs by two-photon polymerization of a single, low-shrinkage preceramic resin

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods are being integrated in ceramics fabrication either as the main manufacturing tool or for auxiliary purposes. By using polymers, powders and preceramic formulated materials, AM techniques are pushing towards higher resolution, lower shrinkage and shorter building time. Herein, we present the fabrication of ceramic microstructures (< 200 × 200 × 200 μm3) with sub-micrometer resolution based on two-photon polymerization (TPP). 3D structuring of a preceramic resin by photopolymerization produces a so-called green body. The final ceramic part is obtained after pyrolysis of the green body. The high-resolution 3D shaped structures that we demonstrated could be employed as tools or components for microdevices. We report a lower linear shrinkage of 30% of TPP green bodies from a polysiloxane precursor with low porosity, no cracks and no significant shape distortion after pyrolysis, which implies the potential for highly controllable manufacturing of micro-ceramic parts based on commercially available chemical compounds. The protocol for preparing, fabricating and developing the resin is detailed.

Culture Media in Pharmacopoeial Analysis: Use, Current Requirements, Standardisation

Culture media with predetermined specific characteristics play a key role in ensuring safety, quality and efficacy of medicinal products, especially biologicals. It is necessary to formulate clear criteria for culture media suitability, because they are used not only in manufacture, but also in quality control of medicinal products. The expansion of the range of complex high-technology medicinal products containing biologically derived substances as active ingredients, whose quality and properties are tested by biological methods, calls for more stringent requirements for the quality of culture media. The aim of the study was to analyse requirements for the culture media used in the production of medicinal products — in order to identify approaches to the development of a national standard. Currently, culture media are not included into the State Register of Medicinal Products, and there are no standards that could be used by manufacturers to confirm that a culture medium complies with specific safety, efficacy and quality requirements. The paper summarises the results of the analysis of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., and nine leading world pharmacopeias’ requirements for culture media used for various purposes (manufacture, auxiliary purposes, and quality control). Most countries have adopted requirements mainly for those culture media that are used in purity tests. The analysis revealed differences both in the lists of requirements (test strains, incubation and storage conditions, preparation for use, suitability assessment), and the approaches to the establishment and presentation of requirements. The paper discusses the main challenges and risks associated with the quality control of culture media in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed. It outlines current national and international ways of improving the quality of culture media used in the production of medicinal products, and substantiates the need to develop an appropriate national standard. The paper suggests approaches to the development and standardisation of requirements for the quality of various types of media used in the production and control of medicines. These approaches could be used in the preparation of the general chapter Culture media.

Brazilian Normative Data on Letter and Category Fluency Tasks: Effects of Gender, Age, and Geopolitical Region.

Verbal fluency is a basic function of language that refers to the ability to produce fluent speech. Despite being an essentially linguistic function, its measurements are also used to evaluate executive aspects of verbal behavior. Performance in verbal fluency (VF) tasks varies according to age, education, and cognitive development. Neurodevelopmental disorders that affect the functioning of frontal areas tend to cause lower performance in VF tasks. Despite the relative consensus that has been reached in terms of the use of VF tasks for the diagnosis of dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, few studies have considered regional variations in Brazil. The present study sought to provide normative data on VF tasks in children by considering gender, age, education, and geopolitical region of origin with auxiliary purposes in neuropsychological diagnosis of disorders that occur with executive changes The study included 298 participants, 7–10 years of age of both genders, who performed three letter fluency tasks and three category fluency tasks. The data were subjected to correlational and variance analyses, with age and gender as factors. No effect of gender on the children's performance was found. However, significant differences between age groups were observed, with better performance in letter tasks in older children and better performance in letter tasks compared with category tasks. Significant regional differences in performance on the letter VF task were observed. These results reinforce the importance of regional normative data in countries with high regional cultural variations, such as Brazil.

The real vampires of New Orleans and Buffalo: a research note towards comparative ethnography

AbstractThis research note is an elaboration of my ethnographic work of the last 5 years and is here presented to raise careful discussion of the little-explored identity and phenomenon of “real vampirism”. An auxiliary purpose of these preliminary findings is to draw attention specifically to a yet unexplored dimension of the real vampire identity: geographical specificity. This line of enquiry is informed by the intensive ethnographic fieldwork I conducted in 2009–2011 in the New Orleans metropolitan area, and by supplementary ethnographic work in 2011–2013 in Buffalo, New York. Also explored is what I term “defiant culture”, through which, I posit, vampire self-identification is able to achieve a measure of empowerment by resisting “normalcy” while critiquing and challenging the power structures that re/produce it.

OPUS‐Ca: A knowledge‐based potential function requiring only Cα positions

In this paper, we report a knowledge-based potential function, named the OPUS-Ca potential, that requires only Calpha positions as input. The contributions from other atomic positions were established from pseudo-positions artificially built from a Calpha trace for auxiliary purposes. The potential function is formed based on seven major representative molecular interactions in proteins: distance-dependent pairwise energy with orientational preference, hydrogen bonding energy, short-range energy, packing energy, tri-peptide packing energy, three-body energy, and solvation energy. From the testing of decoy recognition on a number of commonly used decoy sets, it is shown that the new potential function outperforms all known Calpha-based potentials and most other coarse-grained ones that require more information than Calpha positions. We hope that this potential function adds a new tool for protein structural modeling.

Richard von Mises and the “problem of two races”: A statistical satire in 1934

The article “Problem of two races,” which appeared in 1934 in French and Russian in the Matematichesky Sbornik (Moscow), authored by the noted applied mathematician and statistician Richard von Mises (1883–1953), is interpreted as having a twofold agenda. On its surface it is merely a detailed mathematical analysis of the statistical problem of comparing the distributions of a quantitative characteristic in two different classes. But on closer examination it serves two auxiliary purposes. On the one hand, von Mises, who as a Jew fled Nazi Germany in 1933, satirically attacked Nazi racial doctrines by resorting to statistical parody. On the other hand, von Mises employed his theoretical results to further his own distinctive program of objective Bayesian statistics.

627 Ultrasonic welding of ceramics and metals

This paper describes an experimental study of the ultrasonic welding of ceramics and metals, using inserts. Ultrasonic welding has made possible the welding of various ceramics, such as Al_2O_3,SiO_2,ZrO_2,and Si_3N_4,to various metals at room temperature, both quickly and easily when compared to other welding methods. Ultrasonic welding can be carried out in many different ways, such as the direct welding of ceramics and metals in the coating of metals or to a ceramics surface by vacuum deposition, and in applications involving the insertion of activated metals. When cleaned with forced ultrasonic vibration the contact surfaces need no further surface treatment. The insert material and the vaporized film used for auxiliary purposes act as binders to facilitate welding, but there is little difference in welding strength between welds with a metal insert and those with a vaporized film. Moreover, the material can be processed easily, the operation produces little heat, and there is virtually no resultant weakness in the product.

Ultrasonic welding of ceramics/metals using inserts

This paper gives a description of an experimental study of the ultrasonic welding of ceramics and metals using inserts. Ultrasonic welding has made it possible to weld various ceramics such as Al 2O 3, SiC, Si 3N 4, AlN, to metals at room temperature, quickly and easily compared to other welding methods. For example, the ultrasonic welding of Si 3N 4/Al/Cu can be accomplished under the conditions of: amplitude of ultrasonic horn top, 23 μm; welding pressure, 20 MPa; and required duration, 1 s. The ultrasonic-welding technique can be carried out in many different ways, such as the direct welding of ceramics/metals, welding with a metal coating on the ceramics surface by vacuum deposition and welding with a metal insert. The insert material and the vaporized film used for auxiliary purposes play the role of binders to facilitate welding, but little difference in welding strength was found between the welds with the metal insert and the vaporized film. Since ultrasonic vibration cleans the contact surface, there is no need to carry out surface treatment prior to welding.

ON THE QUESTION OF DISSIPATION AND PARAMETRIC EXCITATION IN CHAOTIC NONAUTONOMOUS RESONATORS

Three categories of second order resonators are treated in this work: A. Nonautonomous driven resonators whose reactors are nonlinear and resistances are positive. (The resonators are similar to the RL Diode circuit). B. Nonautonomous driven resonators whose reactors are linear (and maintained constant in time) and whose dissipation is due to a nonlinear resistor which consists of a negative resistance part. C. Autonomous resonators whose reactors are parametrically excited. (The reactances of the resonators of category C are made directly periodically time varied). The introduction of category C is mainly for auxiliary purposes, in order to bridge difficulties that occur in comparing resonators of categories A and B. Resonators of both categories A and B demonstrate similar dynamic behaviors, since both are capable in certain circumstances of exhibiting bifurcation phenomena and chaos. This demonstrated similarity is puzzling. This is due to the fact that the resonators of category A are fully dissipative, while the resonators of category B should exhibit negative dissipation for part of their movement. This negative dissipation in resonators of category B is essential for enabling them to exhibit chaotic behavior. A first step in resolving the puzzle is made by recalling the fact that parametrically pumping reactances in resonators of category C may induce an effective negative resistance in their circuit, and as a result they are somewhat similar to resonators of category B. A complete resolution of the puzzle should, however, include yet another step, where one shows that members of categories A and C possess affinity. A great part of the work is, therefore, devoted to demonstrating that resonators of categories A and C are related in exhibiting similarity in their dynamic features. (This happens although the reactances of resonators of category A are maintained constant in time, while the resonators of category C are periodically time varied). One of the objectives is to convince the reader that some of the dynamic interactions occurring in resonators of category A are “parametric"-like in nature. Hence, an association between categories A and C is demonstrated.

Ab Initio studies of structural features not easily amenable to experiment: Part 72. Structural study of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and the empirical correction of 4-21 G C-N bond lengths

Optimized 4-21G geometries, one or several conformations in each case, are reported for dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylenediamine, N -methylethylamine, and triethylenediamine (1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane). The empirical corrections for aliphatic 4-21G C-N bond distances are investigated. It is found that, in contrast to the previously studied tert-butylamine, no special correction is needed for triethylenediamine. That is, an r g(C-N) bond distance in agreement with the experimental value is obtained when a correction from smaller amines is applied to its 4-21G r e value. For auxiliary purposes the 4-21G geometry ofbicyclo[2.2.2]octane is also reported. It is found that, in principle, accurate information on bond distances can be used to determine molecular symmetry, but current experimental parameters are not accurate enough to apply this procedure reliably.

Piagetian and Information Processing Approaches to Concepts of Chance and Probability: Relationships among Methods, Age, and Locus of Control

Summary The main purpose of this study was to investigate among first-, fourth-, and seventh-grade children (N = 60) their comprehension of uncertainty as assessed by a stage-based Piagetian technique for understanding chance and an information processing approach for understanding probability. An auxiliary purpose was to determine whether individual differences in comprehending uncertainty were related to locus of control. Reasonably strong correlations were found between stage-based items on the chance task and the use of particular strategies on the probability task in 7-, 10-, and 13-year-old children. The data also confirmed age related differences noted by other investigators for both tasks. The locus of control variable had only minor influence. There was a tendency for internal more than for external seven-year-olds to persist with their choice of strategies. Discussion focused on the age trends and ties between different approaches for understanding the development of chance and probability concepts.

Analysis of the Venting System of the Gas-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Element for Various Operating Conditions

The fuel element concept of the gas-cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFR) is based on vented fuel pins to equalize pressure differences between the fission gas inside the fuel pin and the coolant. The fission products escaping from the fuel, mainly noble gases, are collected and swept separately from the primary coolant by a helium stream into a purification plant. Calculations were performed to estimate the activity release during normal operation, transient, and accident conditions for a 1000-MW(e) GCFR designed by Kraftwerk Union. The results show that during normal operation, only 0.8% of the total equilibrium noble gas activity in the core will be released into the purification plant. The most severe case for the activity release is a depressurization accident followed by the release of the whole fission gas inventory in the interstitial gas volume of the fuel pins of ∼5.3 × 107 Ci (2.0 EBq). To adsorb this amount of fission gases in the low-temperature charcoal beds of the purification plant, a temporary refrigeration load of ∼173 kW is necessary. Using a purification plant with a refrigeration capacity of ∼50 kW and an equivalent storage of liquid nitrogen for auxiliary purposes, no significant extrapolation from the designed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor purification plants is necessary.