Auxiliary Machines Research Articles

Visual Search Interactive Model for Artificial Intelligence Robotics Model forthe Agricultural Field Analysis

The Visual Search Interactive Model for Artificial Intelligence (AI) is designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of visual data analysis across various applications. By leveraging advanced computer vision techniques and machine learning algorithms, this model enables AI systems to interpret and analyze visual information in real-time, facilitating tasks such as object recognition, image classification, and scene understanding. The interactive nature of the model allows users to engage with the AI, refining searches and improving outcomes through iterative feedback. This paper introduces the Auxiliary Clustering k-means Machine Learning (AC k-means ML) model, designed to enhance agricultural efficiency through advanced data analysis and robotic integration. The study evaluates the performance of the AC k-means ML model using a dataset comprising 1,950 samples, achieving an overall accuracy of 91.5% and a precision of 89.2%. Key performance metrics such as F1 scores averaged 88.6%, with the highest individual cluster accuracy reaching 96% for Cluster 10. In addition to data classification, the model facilitated the completion of 250 tasks with a remarkable success rate of 92%, while maintaining an average task completion time of 15.4 minutes and an energy consumption of just 0.5 kWh per task. The implementation of the AC k-means ML model resulted in a 15% increase in crop yield and substantial cost savings estimated at $2,000. With a user satisfaction score averaging 8.7 and an adaptability score of 9.0, the findings indicate that the integration of machine learning and robotics significantly optimizes agricultural processes, promoting sustainability and efficiency in farming practices.

Oxygen excess ratio feedforward control based on ESO for PEMFC in DC off-grid hydrogen production systems

Oxygen excess ratio (OER), which is influenced by the air flow input to the cathode, is one of the important factors affecting the performance of fuel cell system. Insufficient oxygen supply will result in a sharp drop in output voltage, while an excessive supply will bring about a large parasitic power load on the air compressor, reducing the net output power of the system and operating efficiency. Both insufficient and excess oxygen supply can adversely affect the operating life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Due to the serious nonlinear, hysteresis, uncertainty and interference in the process of OER control, this paper proposes an OER feedforward control based on extended state observer (ESO) for a PEMFC auxiliary system with the ESO to predict the total disturbance to improve the dynamic response of the system with large time delay utilizing terminal sliding mode control (TSMC). The control strategy is divided into two stages. The first stage constructs an ESO to realize real-time observation of the state variables required for the internal operation of the auxiliary machine system and the PEMFC, and yields the air compressor voltage control signal through terminal sliding mode control. In the second stage, combined with V/f control for the compressor, the transmitted air flow is adjusted, ultimately achieving the goal of changing the OER of the PEMFC and improving operating efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy has good anti-interference capabilities, a faster response, and less overshoot. The gas flow transmission in the gas supply system is more robust, the PEMFC operation is safer, and its lifespan is extended.

Enhanced Construction Productivity by Effective Equipment Management through Fleet Operations

Abstract: In construction equipment management, achieving optimum utilization is essential for cost reduction and ensuring efficient completion of tasks. Equipment fleets, which comprise various machines working together, are central to this goal. For instance, tasks like loading, hauling, and compaction often require coordination between an excavator, multiple haul units, and auxiliary machines. These interconnected systems form the backbone of construction projects, with each component contributing to overall productivity. Take, for example, an excavator and a fleet of trucks; they operate as a linked system where the performance of one directly impacts the efficiency of the others. Therefore, effective management involves not only maximizing the efficiency of individual machines but also coordinating their operations to minimize downtime and optimize production. By understanding the interdependence of equipment and implementing strategies to enhance their performance collectively, construction projects can achieve greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness

The Role of Emergency Generator during Black-Out on the MV. Kelud

Emergency generator is an auxiliary machine that functions to generate electrical power to meet the electrical needs of the ship during an emergency (black-out). This research was conducted to find out what caused the black-out onboard KM. Kelud, how the role of the Emergency generator during a black-out, and how to maintain the emergency generator so that it is always ready when used. The research method that the author uses is a qualitative research method. Data collection is done through interviews and observations. The results obtained from this study indicate that the cause of the black-out on KM. Kelud is the entry of mud into the hull, causing the cooling system in the main engine to be disrupted and eventually black-out. The role of the emergency generator during a black-out is as a temporary source of electricity to run several devices, such as navigation equipment, ship lighting, fire alarm systems, sprinkle pumps, and watertight door systems. In order for the emergency generator to run according to its function, it must be carried out routine maintenance such as checking batteries, oil and lubricants, cooling systems, and periodic testing.

Investigation of the Effectiveness of TecnoBody Devices in Rehabilitation

With the advancement of technology, the effect of auxiliary machines used in rehabilitation is gradually increasing both in the evaluation stage and the rehabilitation stage of the treatment. The important feature of such devices is that they perform both assessment and treatment with the same device. At this stage, TecnoBody (Bergamo, Italy) devices play an active role in both assessment and rehabilitation. In this study, the effectiveness of TecnoBody devices, D-Wall, Walker View 3.0 SCX, and ProKin devices in rehabilitation was analyzed. It is reported in the literature that recently TecnoBody devices have been used significantly in evaluation, proprioceptive and stability tests have been performed with ProKin devices, and balance tests have been performed with the D-Wall device. The D-Wall device was found to be effective in therapies due to its use in rehabilitation, exergame, and biofeedback. It is observed that the Walker View 3.0 SCX device is effective in gait analysis evaluation and gait rehabilitation after surgery, while ProKin devices are effective primarily in proprioceptive, stability, and balance evaluations and then in balance and proprioceptive training. The use of TecnoBody devices in rehabilitation increases the active participation of people in therapy thanks to the visual biofeedback it applies to people, it is effective thanks to the fact that people can direct themselves during exercise and make therapy more fun with games. In addition, thanks to the personalized exercises in the D-Wall device, there are effective exercises to increase the participation of people in daily life activities, especially in neurological rehabilitation. Therefore, the use of TecnoBody devices in rehabilitation is effective.

Enhancing Lubrication System Efficiency in Marine Diesel Engines with Centrifugal Separators - a Case Study Of LPG/C Arimbi: Technical and Cost-Effective Perspectives

<p>The lubrication system in an engine is critical for reducing friction between components, preventing wear, reducing heat, protecting components from deposits, and sealing. Maintaining and extending the life of lubricants is crucial for lowering lubricant usage costs. A centrifugal separator is an auxiliary machine that cleans and separates two insoluble liquids with different densities. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of lubricant life, lubricant usage cost savings, and return on investment time for a centrifugal separator. The study uses a case study of LPG/C Arimbi, where a centrifugal separator has helped maintain lubricants, prevent wear, and separate fuel and free water from lubricants. The centrifugal separator can also maintain Total Base Number (TBN) and viscosity values by filtering solid particles or wear elements up to a size of 0.5 µm. The study found that the difference in lubricant life was 11,780 hours, and the cost savings obtained were IDR 186,456,666 per year. The return on investment time for purchasing a centrifugal separator is three years and two months, assuming an average working hours of LPG/C Arimbi every year of 3,660 hours. Therefore, using a centrifugal separator can improve the efficiency of lubricant life and reduce lubricant usage costs, providing a positive return on investment in the long run.</p>

Regularizing cross-attention learning for end-to-end speech translation with ASR and MT attention matrices

The cross-attention mechanism enables Transformer to capture correspondences between the input and output. However, in the domain of end-to-end (E2E) speech-to-text translation (ST), the learned cross-attention weights often struggle to accurately correspond with actual alignments, given the need to align speech and text across different modalities and languages. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method called regularized cross-attention learning, for end-to-end speech translation in a multitask learning (MTL) framework. RCAL leverages the knowledge from auxiliary automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) tasks to generate a teacher cross-attention matrix, serving as prior alignment knowledge to enhance cross-attention learning within the ST task. An additional loss function is introduced as part of the MTL framework to facilitate this process. We conducted experiments on the MuST-C benchmark dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of RCAL. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields significant improvements over the baseline, with an average enhancement of +0.8 BLEU across four translation directions in two experimental settings, outperforming state-of-the-art E2E and cascaded speech translation models. Further analysis and visualization reveal that the model with RCAL effectively learns high-quality alignment information from auxiliary ASR and ST tasks, thereby improving the ST alignment quality. Moreover, the experiments with different sizes of MT and ST data provide strong evidence supporting our model’s robustness in various scenarios.

Identifikasi Gangguan pada Kompresor Udara Terhadap Kelancaran Pengoperasian Kapal di MV. Maluku 8

Air compressors are auxiliary machines on board that produce compressed air on board. Compressed air is used as starting air for the main engine when the ship is about to perform maneuvers. On the MV. Maluku 8 there has been a leak in the air reservoir safety valve, where the pressure in the bottle is lacking while the air compressor is working continuously, this will result in damage to the air compressor. This research was conducted using descriptive methods and data collection techniques and interviews that aim to describe the actual situation in fact encountered in practice. Based on the results of the research, while the writer was carrying out the practice, a safety valve leak was found in the air tube (reservoir) due to dirt in the valve. The problem solver of this problem is to provide parts to the savety valve. To maximize performance and prevent air leaks in the compressor system at MV Maluku 8, there are several recommended corrective actions to expedite the performance of the main engine, including maintenance of the air compressor according to the provisions applied and proper PMS implementation.

Analysis of Internal Boiler Water Treatment Maintenance System on Boiler Operation in KM. Bukit Raya

Boilers are auxiliary machines on ships that are usually used to produce pressurised steam that is needed on ships, namely for heating fuel, lubricating oil, and heating water for accommodation and machinery. In the operation of boilers on ships, it is determined by the quality of water to produce good boiler performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse the boiler water treatment system to determine the quality of ship boiler water using water quality testing standards based on the American Society Mechanical Engineer (ASME). Standard parameters set by ASME are pH and conductivity measurements, Alkalinity measurements, Hardness measurements, Silica and iron measurements in ship boiler water KM. Bukit Raya. From the results of the analysis of boiler water taken from sampling feed water boilers on ships KM. Bukit Raya shows the results of the analysis of boiler water on pH with the measured pH value still in the standard set by ASME, namely 10.5-11.5, boiler water analysis of hydrate alkalinity in samples 1,2,4 is still within ASME standards 200 - 400 ppm while the measurement of hydrate alkalinity exceeds the standard set by ASME of 420 ppm, excessive hydrate alkalinity will cause scale formation, boiler water to calcium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to Magnesium obtained for samples 1-3 still meet ASME standards, namely trace, analysis of boiler water to silica obtained silica measurements are still within the standards set by ASME 150 max

Penyebab Menurunnya Kinerja Mesin Pendingin di MV. Vancouver

A cooling machine or commonly called an Air Conditioner (AC) is a system of auxiliary machines that can create cool temperatures in certain rooms so that workers on ships feel comfortable. Cooling machines are used to regulate and manage air quality which are includes air circulation, air conditioning, air hygiene standards and air purification. There are several main components in the cooling machine, namely the Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valve, Evaporator. Each of these important components has different functions and ways of operating, but are connected to each other so that the cooling machine can function. The purpose of the author making this final project is to determine the performance of the cooling system, factors that reduce the performance of the cooling machine, as well as repair and maintenance efforts so that the cooling machine can return to normal operation. This research was conducted on the MV. Vancouver by using a qualitative approach. The author conducted direct observations as well as in-depth interviews and documentation studies when conducting research. The results of the author's research found that the main factor causing the decline in the performance of the cooling machine was the appearance of sparks on the evaporator and coil pipe caused by interference with the filter dryer so that it inhibits heat absorption and the evaporator cannot evaporate the refrigerant optimally. The impact caused by the less than optimal operation of the cooling machine in the Engine Room Workshop MV. Vancouver was an unstable room temperature making the crew feel uncomfortable while working or resting.

Analysis of Causes of Combustion Failure in Burner Incinerators at MT. JS INEOS INNOVATION

Abstraction-Incinerator is an auxiliary machine designed as the main combustion chamber to burn wasted oil after going through the heating process in a sludge incinerator tube. The use of the incinerator on the ship aims to burn the waste on the ship and also burn dirty oil. Based on the author's research, the operation of the incinerator on board is still not optimal due to the failure of the combustion in the incinerator burner. This study aims to find out the causes and efforts to solve the problems raised by researchers, namely combustion failure in the incinerator burner at MT. JS Ineos Innovation
 This study used a descriptive qualitative method. By using fishbone analysis techniques, researchers identified the factors and efforts made related to combustion failure at the Incinerator burner at MT. JS Ineos Innovation. Source of data taken from primary and secondary data. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study which was carried out during the research.
 Based on the research results, it can be concluded that combustion failure in the incinerator burner is caused by several factors, including a dirty burner nozzle, damaged steam valve, decreased steam supply from the steam service line, and jammed piston valve in the sludge dosing pump incinerator. Efforts made to overcome the occurrence of combustion failure at the incinerator burner are carrying out cleaning of the incinerator burner, carrying out maintenance or replacement of the steam valve, increasing the steam intensity from the steam service line to the inlet heater incinerator, and carrying out maintenance and repair of the piston valve in the sludge. dosing pump incinerator.

System of mutual loading of auxiliary electric machines with coverage of losses from mechanical power sources

Purpose. Increasing the level of safety and reducing the cost of rolling stock maintenance is an urgent problem for Ukrainian railways today. Existing test benches for auxiliary machines are usually built according to the scheme with direct loading of the tested electric machine and do not meet modern requirements for the quality and energy efficiency of testing. In this regard, there is a need to design energy-efficient test benches for testing auxiliary machines of electric rolling stock. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we used an analytical method of research to determine the optimal structure of the test bench. The paper considers the voltage balance diagram in the mutual load system. Separately, the calculations are presented, on the basis of which the design diagrams of the electrical and mechanical parts of the test bench are constructed, and the conditions for covering all losses in the mutual load system are determined using the design diagrams. Findings. In the course of the research, the power balance equation in the mutual load system was obtained. On the basis of the equations, a model of a mutual load system with coverage of all losses from a single source of mechanical power was built. The main advantage of the developed model is that it can be implemented both by numerical calculations using composite systems of equations and by object-oriented programming in specialized software systems. Originality. A rational scheme for testing auxiliary machines with the coverage of losses from a single source of mechanical power is proposed. The use of a single power source can significantly reduce the additional consumption of electrical energy due to the more efficient use of auxiliary equipment, in particular, a mechanical power source. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to determine the parameters of the scheme for testing auxiliary machines at the design stage of the test bench. Implementation of the research results at auxiliary machine repair enterprises will reduce electricity consumption for post-repair testing due to the higher energy efficiency of the test scheme.

Optimizing Air Compressor Productivity in Supporting Operational Activities on The Mt Ship. Gamalam

Air compressors are auxiliary machines on board that can produce high pressure air. This research was conducted because the productivity of the air compressor was less than optimal, causing air production and the performance of the air compressor to be less than optimal and disrupting operational activities on the ship. The impact that occurs when air production is reduced in the air compressor, the ship cannot operate according to the contract specified by the company, because the initial start of the main engine or main engine on board requires compressed air. Many factors can cause reduced production of air produced by air compressors, including the lack of performance of the suction valve and exhaust valve on the high pressure section which causes less maximum or longer time for filling air into the air bottle, low flow of the lubrication system on the piston which causes no compression to produce air. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and analyzing the causes of the lack of performance of the suction and exhaust valves on high pressure sections and low flow of the piston lubrication system which results in less optimal performance of the air compressor when filling into air bottles. The method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data collection approaches and techniques. The lack of performance of the inlet and exhaust valves can be corrected by cleaning the carbon deposits on the valves and leveling the valve surfaces. The low flow of the lubrication system on the piston can be done by checking the lubricating oil pump, cleaning the lubricating oil filter, changing the lubricating oil periodically according to the instruction manual book, and adding lubricating oil according to the specifications of the air compressor.

Study of mixing characteristics of boiler slag in hexagonal cold slag tube

The slag cooler is an important auxiliary machine of the boiler. Taking the high-temperature ash particles in the hexagonal slag cooling tube as the research object, based on the EDEM discrete element method, a particle-particle contact model is established, and the mixing index and difference function are used as the mixing evaluation index, in-depth analysis of the impact of different filling rates on the mixing of high-temperature ash particles. The results show that as the filling rate decreases, the time for ash particles to reach stable mixing becomes shorter, and the time for particles to reach stable mixing under different filling rates is 22 seconds, 28 seconds, and 34 seconds, respectively. The smaller the filling rate, the smaller the fluctuation range of the difference function R and S values, therefore, the better the mixing effect of the particles in the material bed.

PAPER TITLE SYSTEM MODEL FOR TESTING AUXILIARY ELECTRIC MACHINES OF TRACTIONAL ROLLING STOCK

Purpose. The development and implementation of energy-efficient test schemes for auxiliary electrical machines of rolling stock requires mathematical modeling in order to determine the most rational scheme from the point of view of the quality of the tests performed, as well as to minimize energy costs for conducting the tests themselves. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the analytical research methods based on the compilation of the calculation system of differential equations by solving which it is possible to determine the parameters of the mutual load scheme. Findings. Given the fact that the mutual load system is complex enough to be solved by the system, in the work, the system was decomposed into simpler schemes for replacing the electrical and mechanical parts. A system of differential equations was created on the basis of substitution schemes, which made it possible to create a model of a mutual load system with three input and three output parameters. The developed model can be easily implemented in specialized software environments (for example, SIMULINK) using standard built-in blocks. Originality. A rational scheme for testing auxiliary machines by the mutual load method is proposed, with coverage of losses from one source of electrical power. Practical value. The implementation of the obtained results by enterprises for the repair of auxiliary rolling stock machines will allow to reduce the material costs of carrying out repairs while maintaining the quality of the conducted tests.

IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB DAN SOLUSI TIDAK BERFUNGSINYA HIDROLIK DECK CRANE NO. 2 PADA KAPAL MV. HABCO CARINA

A deck crane is an auxiliary machine on board a ship that is useful for assisting ship operations such as loading and unloading activities or raising and lowering goods that can only be lifted by a deck crane. The deck crane on the writer's ship uses a hydraulic system, which is a system that uses the potential and power of liquid substances.
 The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of damage to the deck crane and the maintenance that must be done on the deck crane. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. From this research method, the data obtained will be analyzed so as to get an overview and the right solution to solve the problems that occur in this research.
 Based on the results of this study, the deck crane on the MV. Habco Carina was damaged due to damage to the hydraulic motor and the ineffectiveness of the Plan Maintenance System (PMS) or lack of maintenance on the deck crane. As a result, ship operational activities become hampered and disrupted. The most effective solution to this problem is to replace the hydraulic motor with a new one and improve deck crane maintenance. The most effective treatment is to check the oil level before each deck crane operates.
 It is hoped that this research can become a reference or reference as well as additional knowledge for readers and writers who experience the same problems as this research.

Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of a Marine Diesel Engine with Machine Learning Techniques

A marine engine room is a complex system in which many different subsystems are interacting with each other. At the center of this system is the main diesel engine which produces the propulsion force. Many other components such as compressed air, cooling, heating, lubricating oil, fuel, and pumping systems act as auxiliary machines to the main engine. Automation of many functions in the engine room is starting to play an important role in new generation ships to provide better control using sensors monitoring the engine and its environment. Sensors exist in the current generation ships, but engineers evaluate the sensor data for the presence of any problems. Maintenance actions are taken based on these manual analyses or regular maintenance is carried out at times determined by manufacturers, whether such actions are needed or not. With machine learning, it is possible to develop an algorithm using past evaluations made by engineers. Recent studies show that highly accurate results can be obtained using machine learning methods when there is sufficient data. In this study, we develop new learning-based algorithms and evaluate them on data obtained from a realistic ship engine room simulator. Data for a predetermined set of parameters of a high-power diesel engine were collected and analyzed for their role in a set of fault situations. These fault conditions and the associated sensor data are used to train a set of classifiers achieving fault detection up to 99% accuracy. These are promising results in preventing future damage to the engine or its supporting components by predicting failures before they occur.

Health indicator construction and application of coal mill based on the dynamic model

As the vital auxiliary machine of the coal-fired power plant, monitoring the real-time operating status of coal mills is critical to the secure and stable operation of the power plant. In this study, a new method of construction of the coal mill health indicator (HI) is proposed, and the operation condition monitoring approaches of the device are designed based on the HI value. Firstly, an improved coal mill dynamic model considering the joint influence of drying force, ventilation force, and grinding force is established, and a synchronous optimization approach of model structures and parameters based on the genetic algorithm is designed. Then the deviation between the model output and the actual value is computed by the designed distance measuring approach, and the typical fault characteristic factors are designed based on the relation between the dynamic model and the actual operating state. And the HI value is calculated by fusing the deviation with the characteristic factors. Finally, the HI value is applied to the process of operation condition evaluation, fault diagnosis, and trend prediction, and has obtained favorable application effects. The results of this research show that the established HI value can reflect the operating status of the coal mill promptly and accurately, and the monitoring method designed based on the values have satisfactory practicality.

Development of Pot Hydroponic Production System and Auxiliary Machines for Grafted Cactus

Development of Pot Hydroponic Production System and Auxiliary Machines for Grafted Cactus

DIODE EXCITERS OF A BRUSHLESS MEDIUM POWER SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of the parameters of the diode exciter of a brushless synchronous generator of medium power on the number of pole pairs of an auxiliary electric machine, the development of recommendations for choosing the number of pole pairs of an auxiliary electric machine and the design of the exciter.
 An improvement of the automated method of electromagnetic calculation of the exciter of a brushless synchronous machine has been carried out. The diode exciters of a brushless synchronous generator with a power of 250 kW with the number of pole pairs p = 2 based on a three-phase bridge rectifier and an auxiliary electric machine of a synchronous type with different numbers of pole pairs are compared. At the first stage, a preliminary electromagnetic calculation of the auxiliary electric machine is performed, taking into account the initial value of the relative magnitude of the resulting electromotive force, the allowable values ​​of inductions in all sections of the magnetic circuit in in forced mode, the length of the magnetic circuit and the rotor winding support are determined. According to the results of the calculation of the rectifier model in the quasi-steel mode of operation, the relative value of the resulting electromotive force of the auxiliary electric machine is specified. 
 At the first stage, a preliminary electromagnetic calculation of the auxiliary electric machine is performed, taking into account the initial value of the relative magnitude of the resulting electromotive force, the allowable values ​​of inductions in all sections of the magnetic circuit in in forced mode, the length of the magnetic circuit and the rotor winding support are determined. According to the results of the calculation of the rectifier model in the quasi-steel mode of operation, the relative value of the resulting electromotive force of the auxiliary electric machine is specified pB = 4.