Auxiliary Heating Research Articles

Spectral Intensity of Electron Cyclotron Radiation Emerging from the Plasma to the First Wall in ITER

It is predicted that in ITER, due to high values of electron temperature and magnetic field strength, electron cyclotron (EC) radiation emitted by plasma will be a significant source (together with external EC radiation injected for auxiliary plasma heating and non-inductive current drive) of additional thermal and electromagnetic loads for microwave and optical diagnostics. The spectral distribution of plasma EC radiation is particularly important to consider in millimeter-wave diagnostics, namely for high- and low-magnetic-field side reflectometry, plasma position reflectometry, and collective Thomson scattering diagnostic, because the transmission lines of these diagnostics yield the transport of EC waves emitted by the plasma. The development of semi-analytical methods used to describe the spectral distribution of plasma-generated EC radiation in tokamaks, starting from the work of S. Tamor, is based on the dominance of multiple reflections of this radiation from the first wall in a toroidal axially symmetric vacuum chamber. Here, we present calculations using the CYNEQ code of the spectral intensity of the EC radiation emerging from the plasma to the first wall and port plugs for five scenarios of ITER operation. This code uses the symmetry-based effect of approximate isotropy and homogeneity of radiation intensity in a substantial part of the phase space and has been successfully tested by comparison with first-principles codes. The energy flux density in the range of 30–200 kW/m2 is predicted for wall reflectance in the range of 0.6–0.95. The possible effect of this radiation on in-vessel components and diagnostics is assessed by calculating the surface density of the energy absorbed by various materials of the ITER first wall.

Preparation and performance of PVC long‐term heat stabilizer based on the synergistic effect of uracil and metal complexes

AbstractIn order to improve the deficiency of traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) heat stabilizer, triazole‐based zinc‐containing complex (abbreviated as [Zn(ttr)(OAc)]) with good compatibility with PVC and a strong ability to absorb HCl was prepared in this paper, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PVC sheets were prepared by mixing PVC with composite heat stabilizer (DAJ) composed of [Zn(ttr)(OAc)] and 1,3‐dimethyl‐6‐aminouracil (DAU). Different kinds and amounts of common auxiliary heat stabilizers were selected and added to the DAJ system to study the effect of thermally stable system on PVC by Congo red test, Discoloration test, Dynamic thermal stability test, SEM, TGA and Transmittance test and the relevant mechanism was explored. The PVC sheets with DAJ blended by 1.2 phr DAU and 0.8 phr [Zn(ttr)(OAc)] showed relatively excellent coloring properties, long‐term thermal stability, and high light transmittance. Compared with dibenzoylmethane (DBM), 0.5 phr sorbitol and 1.5 phr epoxy soybean oil (ESBO)/Antioxidant 168 showed good synergistic effect with DAJ. Due to the polyhydroxy nature of sorbitol, the thermal stability of PVC was significantly improved, and the transmittance of PVC benefited from the similar miscibility of ESBO long chain. This was also confirmed by TGA and SEM of PVC sheet.

RETRACTED: Optimal design and transient simulation next to environmental consideration of net-zero energy buildings with green hydrogen production and energy storage system

The integration of renewable energies to produce required commodities and mitigate environmental effects in developed countries has been investigated and tested recently. This study aims to model and develop a building without getting energy from the grid with four occupants for Kuwait's capital and largest metropolis, one of the most significant cities in the Middle East, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Hydrogen energy is employed as energy storage for this building outside the zero-energy network due to the benefits and applications of hydrogen energy. TRNSYS software was utilized for this simulation, and the transient performance of the previously described ZEB was examined annually using TRNSYS software. The building is powered by solar panels, and any extra electricity generated is considered for the hydrogen production and storage unit for use when there is a lack of solar radiation and the building has to be powered. Hot water is created using an evacuated tube solar collector, and it is then kept in a hot water tank. For cooling and heating load, a geothermal heat pump system with auxiliary heaters is employed. MATLAB software is used to analyze the thermal comfort of occupants using the Fanger model. The findings indicate that 72 PV panels with a 1.46 square foot surface area will be used to supply the building without any power shortages. In addition, the building will have zero energy and will receive its hot water from forty 1.5 m2 solar collectors. The ultimate hydrogen pressure tank will be greater than that of the beginning level. The building's air conditioning system offers annual thermal comfort. Additionally, the provided DHW is always at the predetermined temperature of 55 °C. Finally, the usage of the building's roof space can turn into a ZEB and greatly lower Kuwait's greenhouse gas emissions. Environmentally, the proposed system reduce 33% CO2 emission rate compared with fossil fuel.

Characterisation of the auxiliary heating power delivered by the 40 keV neutral beam injectors on the COMPASS tokamak

Two identical neutral beam injectors (NBIs) have been installed on the COMPASS tokamak. Each of them is capable of producing a deuterium (or hydrogen, helium) neutral beam with nominal power of up to 400 kW at 40 keV. Since the COMPASS tokamak is a compact machine, the design of the neutral beams was carefully optimized to fit the neutral beam through the narrow ports of the tokamak. However, once the neutral beams are operated out of the scope of their optimal parameters, additional power losses occur due to neutral beam scraping. This article investigates the amount of power loss due to neutral beam scraping. The losses are calculated using the neutral beam models and measured neutral beam parameters. The calculated results are compared with the measured power delivered into the plasma. Two different neutral beam models are employed. One describes the neutral beam as a sum of small beamlets, which are Gaussian-like. The second one describes the neutral beam as a single Gaussian beam. The amount of the power lost to scraping is determined by both models and compared. Neutral beam parameters, the input parameters for both models, are derived from the Doppler-shifted spectra emitted by fast neutral atoms. It is shown that when operating NBIs at nominal parameters, the scraping losses are negligible (5% ). If the NBIs are operated too far from the nominal parameters, the scraping losses can reach up to ∼60% of the NBI output power. As the highest fractional losses occur with low power NBI, the beam duct is capable of withstanding the corresponding power loads. The expected auxiliary heating power , the power entering the tokamak chamber carried by fast neutrals, is benchmarked against the additional plasma input power observed in the measured plasma parameters . The additional plasma input power is derived from the plasma power balance. The power balance terms are independent of the neutral beam model used for the auxiliary heating power calculation . The results of the power balance evaluation reveal a difference between two NBIs installed on COMPASS. One of the injectors systematically delivers 17% less power than the other into the plasma given the same beam parameters. It is concluded that the additional losses occur before the beam enters the tokamak chamber.

Türkiye'de Ankara ili için düz plaka kollektör güneş sıcak su sisteminin TRNSYS yazılımı ile incelenmesi

A domestic solar water heating system using a flat plate collector is modeled for the domestic hot water requirement of a residential unit in Ankara, Turkey. The necessary design parameters were determined and the analysis was carried out using the TRNSYS simulation program. In the modeled system, the domestic water temperature was determined as 55 °C and water withdrawals were carried out at different flow rates during the day according to the usage intensity. The water withdrawal rates were determined as 80 kg/h between 07.00-09.00, 100 kg/h between 12.00-13.00 and 50 kg/h between 17.00-22.00. According to the results obtained, the designed system was able to meet the hot water need in summer and winter months by using solar energy through auxiliary heaters. While the collector efficiency reached its highest value with 40% in September, it reached the lowest efficiency value with 8% in December.

Upgrade of the neutral beam heating system on the TCV tokamak – second high energy neutral beam

The TCV tokamak continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to provide a stepladder approach for extrapolations of experimental results from different machines to ITER and DEMO. TCV's configurational flexibility has recently been enhanced by the installation of two heating neutral beams, new dual frequency gyrotrons, removable divertor gas baffles together with upgrades of its diagnostic infrastructure.Plasma regimes with high plasma pressure, a wider range of temperature ratios and significant fast-ion population are now attainable on TCV. A 1.3 MW/28 keV heating beam (NBI-1) has been operated on TCV from 2015 introducing the direct ion auxiliary heating. A second 1MW/50–60 keV high-energy neutral beam (NBI-2) has since been procured, manufactured and installed on TCV in July 2021. NBI-2 injected near anti-co-linearly to NBI-1 is designed to probe plasma physics issues of higher plasma density, fast ion plasma interactions with static and dynamic fields and plasma rotation. The higher NBI-2 energy greatly enhances the operational space for fast ion studies. NBI-2 commissioning is presently ongoing in parallel with TCV experiments using both NBIs.This paper summarises the experience with intensive use and improvements of the NBI-1, together with the status of NBI-2 commissioning.

Multi-objective optimization of an absorption solar-ground source heat pump considering the environmental and economic performance

ABSTRACT Solar heat pump has attracted more and more attention. This paper aims to improve the performance of an absorption solar-ground source heat pump (ASGSHP) through multi-objective optimization. Firstly, a double-effect absorption heat pump module is developed and a simulation model of the ASGSHP is established on TRNSYS platform. Secondly, considering both the economy and the environmental protection, the equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) and the environmental impact load (EIL) are taken as two objective functions. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy (NSGA-II) is applied to optimize the environmental and economic performance of the ASGSHP by TRNSYS and MATLAB joint. Pareto front of the multi-objective optimization of the ASGSHP system is obtained. Thirdly, using the TOPSIS decision-making method, the best optimization values for three optimization variables including the solar collector area, the storage tank volume and the setting temperature of the auxiliary heater are obtained. The optimization rate of the environmental impact load and the equivalent uniform annual cost of the optimal point selected by the TOPSIS decision-making method is 10.9% and 3.4%, respectively. The research results can provide the basic data and theoretical guidance for the further development and utilization of the solar-ground source heat pump.

Design, 3E scrutiny, and multi-criteria optimization of a trigeneration plant centered on geothermal and solar energy, using PTC and flash binary cycle

A hybrid solar-geothermal power plant for electricity, heating, and cooling is provided in this paper. A flash-binary geothermal cycle, parabolic trough solar collectors, auxiliary heater, single effect LiBr-water absorption chiller, and heat exchangers are all part of the planned integrated power plant. The plant provides steady electrical power as well as the necessary heating and cooling for the yeast industry. The solar-geothermal power plant's energetic and exergetic efficiencies for the proposed system under steady-state conditions with constant irradiation are 10.78 percent and 23.1 percent, respectively. The auxiliary heater is found to function in 85 percent of the year due to the inability of solar energy to increase the fluid temperature to the necessary amount throughout several periods of the year. The impacts of different performance factors on the system's exergetic efficiency and overall cost rate are also evaluated using parametric analysis. It was discovered that parameters such as the flash separator's inlet pressure and temperature, the pinch point temperature difference in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and the geofluid outlet temperature in the heat exchanger 1 (HX1) have a significant impact on the system's exergetic efficiency and total cost rate. Furthermore, the effect of variations in sunbeam irradiance on assessment parameters is examined. In constant heat input to the cycle, increasing beam irradiance results in increased total exergy efficiency and a lower overall cost rate of the system. By raising the sunbeam irradiance, the proportion of the auxiliary heater in the plant's energy supply and the mass flow rate of the fuel would be reduced. Also, the optimization findings show that the exergy efficiency of 33.8 percent might be attained under ideal operating circumstances.

Deformation and Springback Behavior of Sheet Metal With Convex-Shaped Surfaces in Heat-Assisted Incremental Bending Process Based on Minimum Energy Method

Abstract Three-dimensional sheet metal forming is one of the biggest challenges in the shipbuilding industry. The forming quality of the traditionally applied line heating method depends entirely on the skills of the technicians. Moreover, this approach is inefficient and error-prone. This calls for a need to develop new forming technologies that are easy to control and more efficient. In this paper, a novel forming method called heat-assisted incremental bending is presented. The minimum energy loading path of bidirectional curvature sheet along the direction of Gaussian curvature is adapted to deform the sheet metals with a convex shape surface. Besides, the auxiliary heating method and the auxiliary supporting are exclusively included in the forming process to improve the formability and accuracy. In this study, the convex-shaped sheet metal with large curvature is obtained along the two loading trajectories in two principal curvature directions, respectively. Results proved that using the minimum energy loading trajectory and including the auxiliary supports and heating can reduce the forming force to the greatest extent and effectively reduce the number of stamping points, thus improving the sheet metal forming efficiency and forming accuracy.

Particle number, mass, and black carbon emissions from fuel-operated auxiliary heaters in real vehicle use

Fuel-operated auxiliary heaters (AHs) are frequent solutions to heat the vehicle engines and cabins in cold areas. Particulate exhaust emissions of AHs are unregulated; therefore, their contribution to local air quality and thus human health and even the global emissions budget is unknown. Experiments for studying the AH-originated emissions were performed under Finnish winter conditions mimicking real-world use for six selected vehicles with original AHs installed, including both gasoline- and diesel-powered heaters. We present quantitative results of particle number emissions down to 1.3 nm, particle size distributions, particulate mass, and black carbon, and compare to gaseous emissions. The start-up and shutdown phases showed the highest particle peaks, while the particle concentrations were stable between these. The mean particle number, mass and BC emission factors were found to be as high as 590×10 12 kg fuel −1 , 33 mg kg fuel −1 and mg 18 kg fuel −1 for gasoline-operated heaters and 560×10 12 kg fuel −1 , 20 mg kg fuel −1 and 12 mg kg fuel −1 for diesel-operated heaters. Comparing total number of particles larger than 23 nm emitted during vehicle preheating with AH to vehicle tailpipe emissions during drive shows that a typical heating cycle emits an equal number of particles to drive dozens or even thousands of kilometers. • Emissions from auxiliary vehicle heaters were measured under sub-zero conditions. • Auxiliary heaters can be noteworthy sources of particle emissions from vehicles. • Gasoline heaters produced mostly higher emissions than diesel heaters. • Pre-heating particle emissions were comparable to driving of notably long routes.

Realization of divertor configuration discharge in J-TEXT tokamak

To extend the operation region of the Joint-Texas Experimental tokamak (J-TEXT) to the divertor configuration and even the H-mode, the divertor configuration discharge has been realized for the first time in the J-TEXT tokamak. Along with the establishment of a power supply for the divertor configuration, the construction of relevant diagnostics, and the installation of the divertor target on the high-field side, divertor discharge has been tested. Through the equilibrium calculation and position stability analysis, the control strategy has evolved to be more stable. High-density experiments and auxiliary heating experiments have been carried out on the divertor configuration. The special midplane single-null (MSN) divertor configuration is shown to be more stable than the limiter configuration in the density limit condition and can reach a higher density in the experiment. In the ECRH experiment, the power injection enhances the electron temperature and density, while more heat outflux is loaded on the divertor target tiles and causes more intensive recycling and impurity release. The future plan for the divertor configuration operation in the J-TEXT tokamak is also included.

New indoor main transformer ventilation design modification and simulation

The main transformer is the heart of the transmission and substation system, and its safe and stable operation is crucial. The heat dissipation and cooling effect of the main transformer are directly related to its working performance. This project takes the 110 kV Xiba substation of Kunming Power Supply Bureau of Southern Power Grid Company as an example, simulates the change of indoor main transformer heat source by Fluent software, and uses an indoor substation transformer auxiliary heat dissipation device, which is expected to achieve rapid heat dissipation of the transformer, even when the transformer is under high load and the transformer generates large heat. The ventilation of the main transformer can effectively reduce the operating temperature of the transformer load, effectively improve the indoor environment temperature of the main transformer room of the substation, and eliminate the equipment hidden danger that the excessive temperature of the transformer affecting the insulation life of the transformer.

Fusion power supply advances by the J-TEXT engineering team

To meet the stringent requirements of the fusion power supply for large-scale fusion devices, the J-TEXT engineering team has carried out key technology research and applications in several important directions of fusion power supply. This article presents the advances made by the J-TEXT engineering team in recent years in the following areas: (1) a high-voltage power supply for an auxiliary heating system; (2) a breakdown protection device for an auxiliary heating power supply; (3) magnetic field compatibility; (4) a high-voltage pulsed power supply for a field-reversed configuration; (5) a large physics experimental facility control system. The research backgrounds, technical progress, test results, applications, summaries and prospects are described in detail in each part. These innovative research results and valuable engineering experience can promote the progress of fusion power supply technology, and also lay a foundation for the development of power supplies with higher parameters in the future.

Overview of initial negative triangularity plasma studies on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

An overview of results of negative triangularity (NT) studies from the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG) is given. Moderate values of the triangularity in the range of δ average ≈ −0.2 have been obtained. Results from both unfavorable and favorable magnetic configuration in terms of high-confinement mode (H-mode) access are presented. In unfavorable configuration, the ion grad B drift points away from the active x-point, which usually results in a factor of 2 higher power thresholds to enter H-mode. In unfavorable configuration, low-confinement mode (L-mode) operation is confirmed at high auxiliary heating input powers MW at low collisionality. Under these conditions, plasmas with positive triangularity (PT) are usually in H-mode. Highest plasma energies have been obtained using a combination of neutral beam injection, electron- and ion cyclotron resonance heating, where values of the plasma beta of β N ≈ 1.7 have been reached in L-mode. While discharges with mixed auxiliary heating power input show moderate confinement on L-mode levels, plasmas heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating show H-mode like confinement. Operation in favorable configuration, however, leads to H-mode with type-I edge localized modes (ELMs). The power required for the L–H transition is comparable to the typical L–H power threshold in PT cases ( MW), and good confinement of typical PT H-modes is obtained. The ELM frequency is demonstrated to reach 700 Hz. These results show a clear effect of the NT configuration on the ELM behavior in H-modes, and that on AUG, unfavorable configuration is an essential ingredient if H-mode operation is to be avoided in NT plasmas. So far, in all AUG NT plasmas, power degradation is observed. Initial gyrokinetic simulations of the edge plasma in unfavorable configuration reveal the ion-temperature gradient mode as the fastest growing mode with a subdominant trapped-electron-mode.

A study on the effect of metal skeleton auxiliary heating device on microwave heating efficiency of batch Al2O3 ceramics

In order to improve the microwave heating efficiency of the batch Al2O3 ceramics, according to generalized transmission line theory in this paper, the relationship between the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic field in the microwave resonant cavity was deduced by using the distribution relationship of voltage and current on the transmission line. SiC auxiliary heating plate was used as the auxiliary heating device. Based on the reflection principle of metal material to electromagnetic wave, the metal skeleton was added to SiC auxiliary heating plate. The COMSOL multi-physics field simulation software was used for simulation. The results showed that the addition of metal materials could change the intensity and distribution of the electromagnetic field on SiC auxiliary heating plate and Al2O3 ceramic blocks, so as to affect the microwave energy utilization rate of heating area and the heating efficiency of Al2O3 ceramic blocks. The numerical simulation results showed that the microwave energy utilization rate of the heating area could be improved by adding the metal skeleton in the SiC auxiliary heating plate and employing a reasonable design, so as to improve the overall heating efficiency of the Al2O3 ceramic blocks. Compared with the traditional SiC auxiliary heating device, the heating efficiency of Al2O3 ceramic blocks was improved by 26.4%, and the overall temperature uniformity was improved by 12.5%.

Investigation on energy-efficient heterogeneous pressure-swing azeotropic distillation for recovery of cyclohexane and tert-butanol from industrial effluent

This paper highlights the separation of cyclohexane/tert-butanol from industrial effluent by heterogeneous pressure-swing azeotropic distillation based on the properties of pressure-sensitive distillation boundaries and natural liquid–liquid separation. There is no excess component in the separating process. The optimal parameters of the conventional process are obtained by using the simulated annealing algorithm. Additional heat pump and heat integration strategies are introduced into the process with the optimal operation parameter to save more energy. Evaluation indicators, such as total annual cost (TAC), total energy consumption (TEC), gas emission, and exergy destruction, are used to assess the potential of economic and environment friendly processes. The heat pump assisted HADPSD process employing auxiliary reboilers and heat integration is the optimal energy-saving process, exhibiting decreases of 41.98%, 55.32%, 52.30%, and 55.26% for TAC, TEC, gas emission, and exergy destruction compared to conventional HADPSD.

Experimental investigations on the performance of solar cooker using nichrome heating coil—Photovoltaic with microcontroller PIC 16F877A

AbstractIn this article, a solar cooker with photovoltaic was developed and manufactured, which offers an electrical emergency power supply and a nichrome heating element in order to be able to cook even on cloudy days and nights. An effective charge controller is made with the microcontroller PIC 16F877A to charge and power the nichrome heating element wound on the cooking vessel. The charge controller prevented the battery from overcharging by effectively regulating the voltage and current from the solar panel. The current through the nichrome coil provides additional heating and the thermal energy that is absorbed by the cooker's absorber plate. Hence the hot water needs a minimum amount of auxiliary heat energy to reach the maximum temperature which is well supplied by the nichrome heating coil. Simulation study for the proposed cooker is recommended in the future to commercialize the cooker for a family of four members with minimum cost. The charge stored in the battery during the day is used to cook food at night and on cloudy days.

Operation mode performance and optimization of a novel coupled air and ground source heat pump system with energy storage: Case study of a hotel building

The problem of soil heat imbalance in traditional ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems in cold regions hinders the utilization of geothermal energy. This paper takes a hotel building energy supply system as an example to study the feasibility of a coupled air and ground source heat pump system with energy storage. The design intention of the proposed system was to add an air source heat pump (ASHP) and a water source heat pump (WSHP) as auxiliary heat sources to undertake part of the energy supply function of a GSHP. In winter, the system uses the ASHP as the low temperature heat source of the WSHP, so that its heating performance is basically not affected by extremely low outdoor temperatures, with an average system COP of 2.3. Combined with the energy storage (cold and heat storage), the “peak load shifting” of the power grid and the minimization of the system operation cost are realized. The simulation model of the novel system is established and verified by the monitoring data of the system. The operation mode is optimized to maximize the COP of the system, and the defrosting mode of the ASHP and soil heat balance were analyzed. The results show that the optimized defrosting control can increase the heating capacity of the ASHP by 13.9%. In addition, the proposed system can not only maintain the soil heat imbalance rate to 2.6%, but also reduce the operating cost. The calculation shows that compared with the traditional GSHP system, the annual operation cost of the novel system is only 58%, and the carbon emission can be reduced by 7.14%, which has good economic and environmental benefits. The popularization and application of this form of building system in cold regions has a high value.

Reducing the L-H transition power threshold in ITER-similar-shape DIII-D hydrogen plasmas

Recent dedicated DIII-D experiments in low-torque, ITER-similar-shape (ISS) hydrogen plasmas (at a plasma current I p ∼ 1.5 MA and ITER-similar edge safety factor q 95 ∼ 3.6) show that the L-H transition power threshold P LH can be reduced substantially (∼30%) with L-mode helium admixtures n He/n e ⩽ 25%. In the ensuing H-mode, helium ion fractions n He/n H remain below 25%. H-mode normalized pressure and confinement quality are only slightly affected by helium seeding, and Z eff ⩽ 2.15 (including helium and carbon content). The plasmas investigated here are electron-heat dominated, with temperatures T e(0)/T i(0) ⩾ 1 and edge heat flux ratio Q e/Q i(ρ = 0.95) ∼ 1.2–1.5. Without mitigation, P LH is higher by a factor of 2–3 in comparison to similar ISS deuterium plasmas. ISS hydrogen plasmas with lower plasma current I p ∼ 1 MA (increased edge safety factor q 95 ∼ 5.1) exhibit a substantially lower power threshold. This plasma current dependence, also observed previously on ASDEX-U and in JET, is not accounted for by the commonly used 2008 ITPA multi-machine threshold scaling, but could potentially allow H-mode access at marginal heating power during the initial plasma current ramp-up. Attempts to reduce P LH with low-field- and high-field-side hydrogen pellet injection, using 1.7 mm diameter pellets, have not demonstrated a robust threshold reduction, in contrast to successful earlier experiments with larger 2.7 mm pellets. Techniques for reducing P LH are very important for ITER, in particular for accessing H-mode in hydrogen plasmas during the Pre-Fusion Power Operation-1 (PFPO-1) campaign with marginal auxiliary heating power (20–30 MW of ECH).

Quantification of the Impact of Solar Water Heating and Influence of Its Potential Utilization through Strategic Campaign: Case Study in Dimbaza, South Africa

This paper ascertained the performance of the evacuated tube solar water heater (SWH) coupled with an auxiliary electric heater with reference to the replaced electric water heater with the same storage tank capacity (200 L) in a building. It also examines the influence of the uptake of the SWHs in the community due to different campaign methods. The study evaluated the performance of a 4 kW electric water heater and a 2 kW input SWH with an auxiliary electric heater, and quantified the annual energy and cost savings. A survey using questionnaires was conducted among 150 residences in Dimbaza based on the house representative’s perceptions to replace their electric water heaters with solar water heaters (based on the monetary saving inscribed on the solar water heaters, the sensitization of the target population on the environmental benefits of the solar water heaters and both the monetary savings and environmental benefits). The findings revealed that by replacing the electric water heater with the solar water heater with an auxiliary electric heater, the annual electricity savings due to hot water heating was 4408.99 kWh and the net present value payback period was 4.32 years. The desire of the household representatives to replace their existing electric water heaters with solar water heaters due to the campaign strategies increased from 75 to 126. This study is capable of providing a mechanism to increase the penetration of solar water heaters and justifying the techno-economic viability of solar water heaters.