Automotive Simulation Models Research Articles

Impact of the number of planetary gears on the energy efficiency of electrified powertrains

Planetary gears (PGs) play a critical role in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) by combining the output torques of different powertrain components and delivering the resulting torque to the wheels. Whilst previous studies show that the number of planetary gears affects performance of HEVs, there is no prior study to systematically investigate such effects on energy consumption. This paper quantifies the energy efficiency improvement of HEVs due to increasing the number of PGs from one to two, and from two to three. This is done by comparing the minimum energy consumption for different topologies when the rest of the powertrain components – namely electric motors, batteries and engine – are the same. To calculate the minimum energy consumption, the paper proposes an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for each topology to find the optimum sequence of clutch engagement and torque distribution. The minimum energy consumption of a vehicle with different number of PGs is then evaluated using the automotive simulation models (ASM) from dSPACE. Results show that, for the same electric motors and engine, increasing the number of PGs from one to two and from two to three reduces energy consumption by 5% and 1.5%, respectively.

Efficient EMC Parameter Analysis for the Verification of Complex Automotive Simulation Models by the Utilization of Design of Experiments

Virtual electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis improves the validation processes in the automotive industry by mitigating risks in early development stages. Detailed knowledge about adjustable parameters to improve the compatibility can greatly simplify and optimize the EMC of an entire system. The application of the quality tool design of experiment (DoE) to EMC simulations combines the statistical analysis of influencing parameters with the reduction and optimization of the simulation efforts. DoE is a toolbox used to determine the effect and interactions of multiple input parameters on a desired target value by varying all input parameters simultaneously and effectively. The DoE application in virtual EMC validation processes reduces the simulation efforts of full factorial optimization problems and leads to a clear understanding of the most influencing parameters, parameter strengths, and parameter interactions. The application of DoE is presented for complex screens of high-voltage cables as well as for high-voltage subsystems.

Failure Safety Method According to Battery’s State-of Charge Condition in Electric Motorcycle

The present study proposes a failure safety method for an electric motorcycle according to the battery’s state-of-charge (SOC) condition. We have reliably modeled an electric motorcycle by Model Based Design (MBD) using the Automotive Simulation Models (ASM) program. The Li-ion battery used in this model could have a serious problem if it discharges to 10% of the SOC. Therefore, the power supply should be limited before the SOC reaches the minimum level. At this time, the logic used to control the power of the electric motorcycle affects the driving distance and time. Various types of control logic are simulated to determine the optimum control logic. Accordingly, we propose a suitable failure safety logic that achieves good driving distance and time as well as better dynamic characteristics

전기트랙터의 다양한 작업 환경을 고려한 주행 시뮬레이션에 대한 연구

In this paper, we propose that a model based design for a electric tractor system by using ASM(Automotive Simulation Models). Before developing a realistic electric tractor, it is essential that defining the capacities of power sources and optimizing the parameters of electric tractor. In additionally, because the electric tractor must have not only driving function but also working function, two PMSM are used at electric tractor. ASM which is based on simulink and Carsim were used to design a electric system and powertrain of electric tractor. For verifying the electric tractor system, we compared the design parameters such as max power, state of charge, drive distance, velocity which were carried out by the simulation and experimental method. The predicted results by the development model were in good agreement with the simulation results. According to simulation of tractor, it is possible to arrange the advanced research of dynamical characteristic of tractor and present the guidelines for the electrical driving system.

모델기반 해석을 이용한 전기 이륜차의 동력 특성

본 논문에서는 ASM을 이용하여 전기 이륜차 장치에 대한 모델기반 설계 기법을 제시하였다. 실제, 전기 이륜차의 시제품 제작 이전에 전기 이륜차의 최적화와 동력을 예측하기 위해서는 신뢰성을 갖는 해석이 필요하다. 과거의 전기 이륜차 연구는 미시적 관점보다는 거시적 관점에서 실시되었다. 그러나, 본 연구에서는 전기 이륜차 핵심 부품에 대한 상세 해석을 실시하였다. 본 논문에서는 이론과 실험해석의 에러 비율이 2.3%에 달하는 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 같은 상세 해석을 통하여, 전기 이륜차의 해석 정확도를 향상시키고 설계인자 해석이 가능하게 되었다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 전기 이륜차가 직면하고 있는 Fail safety에 대한 효과적 방법을 제시하였다. In this paper, we propose that a model based design for an electric motor cycle system using Automotive Simulation Models. Before prototyping a realistic electric motorcycle, a reliable simulation program is required to test the capacities of the power sources and optimize the parameters of an electric motorcycle. In the past, The research of electric motorcycle was conducted at macro rather than micro level. However, this research suggests the detailed analysis method of specific key components. This paper can get a good error ratio, 2.3%, as a consequence of the interpretation of experiment and simulation. With the analysis of specific electric motorcycle, it is able to analyze design factor and improve accuracy of electric motorcycle interpretation. Also, this research suggests the effective way to get fail safety so that it can solve the fail which can be encountered in electric motorcycle.

SIL, HIL, and Vehicle Fuel Economy Analysis of a Pre-Transmission Parallel PHEV

EcoCAR 2 is a collegiate level Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition which challenges students to re-engineer a General Motors (GM) donated 2013 Malibu Eco as a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle over the course of three years. The competition is organized by Argonne National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy and GM as the headline sponsors. As part of this competition, Mississippi State University (MSU) has designed a pre-transmission parallel PHEV which utilizes a 145 kW permanent magnet brushless DC motor, a 18.9 kWh Li-ion battery, and a GM 1.4 L turbocharged engine which has been tuned for E85 fuel. A supervisory control system has been utilized to interface the hybrid components to the production vehicle, and implements a control strategy enabling charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes of operation. In order to develop this control strategy and evaluate the vehicle, a simulation model has been constructed in Matlab Simulink for software-in-the-loop (SIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. This vehicle model has been constructed using a combination of dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models and MSU developed component models. Each of these component models has been parameterized from manufacturer provided data in order to ensure the accuracy of the vehicle evaluations. An analysis of the vehicle’s fuel economy has been performed using SIL and HIL simulation over four drive cycles for CD and CS modes of operation. A combined fuel economy has been calculated according to SAE Standard J1711 for both E85 and gasoline fuels.

ASM을 이용한 전기 이륜차 동력 특성 해석에 관한 연구

In this paper, we propose that a model based design for an electric motor cycle system using ASM (Automotive Simulation Models). Before prototyping a realistic electric motorcycle, a reliable simulation program is required to test the capacities of the power sources and optimize the parameters of an electric motorcycle. Because ASM is based on Simulink, we can design the drivetrain and powertrain of the vehicle model systems easily. To verify the electric motorcycle system analysis of design parameters such as max power, capacity, state of charge and slope angle is carried out by the simulation and experimental method. The predicted results by the development model were in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results. Therefore, the proposed electric motorcycle model can effectively reduce the expenses during the designing of an electric motorcycle system.