Automotive Diesel Oil Research Articles

Potential Blending of Short Residues, Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO) and Kerosene for Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) Low Sulphur 180 Export Quality at PT. XYZ Using H-CAMS Simulation

Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) Low Sulfur is a ship fuel for engines that have an rpm <300, which has a maximum sulfur content of 0.5% wt and a Kinematic Viscosity limit at a temperature of 50 ℃ with a maximum of 180 CSt. Blending MFO products has the potential to meet international market demand and optimize sales of MFO products in domestic and international markets. The change in specifications requested by PIMD (P International Marketing & Distribution) refers to the Decree of the Director General of Oil and Gas No. 0179.K/10/DJM.S/2019. This research aims to meet international market demand so that MFO (Marine Fuel Oil) products with new specifications are needed. This research uses a blending optimization method using Short Residue (SR), Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO), and Kerosene (KR) using simulation using H-CAMS software. This research focuses more on the critical values of MFO products, namely Density, Kinematic Viscosity, Flash Point, and Pour Point analysis. The blending simulation process has 12 variations between SR: ADO: KR. As the composition of ADO and Kerosene increases in the blending ratio, it causes a decrease in the Density, Flash Point, Kinematic Viscosity, and Pour Point values. In this research, the most optimum blending formula was found, namely formulas 4, 5, 10, and 11, all critical specifications in the manufacture of the MFO 180 LS product were met except for the Pour Point parameter, so this research needs to be continued by reducing the pour point value.

Effects of automotive diesel oil on germination of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa mangrove propagules

ABSTRACT Mangrove ecosystems are sensitive to oil, as spills can impair developmental processes of mangrove vegetation. Since the 2010s, the Brazilian equatorial margin, more specifically the Pará-Maranhão Basin and the mouth of the Amazonas River, has been affected by oil runoff from urban activities and the increased risk from exploratory deepwater drilling for oil extraction. Dispersal of mangrove propagules occurs during the tidal cycles, when the presence of tensors in the water can affect germination. We analyzed the effects of diesel oil on the germination of propagules of the two most common mangrove species in the region, Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia germinans, in six treatments of diesel oil in the water (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% and 4%) and a diesel-free control. The response variables were germinability (G%), mean germination time, mean germination speed and the germination speed index (GSI). G% and GSI in L. racemosa propagules differed significantly between the control and all treatments (G% and GSI < 10% in the 3% treatment). Propagules of A. germinans were more resistant, and the physiological variables did not differ significantly among treatments and control (G% > 90% in all treatments). Our results indicate that, at the germination stage, L. racemosa was more susceptible than A. germinans to contamination by automotive diesel oil.

Detection and Quantitation of ACCUTRACE S10, a New Fiscal Marker Used in Low-Duty Fuels, Using a Novel Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Approach

A new ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPSFC–MS) method has been developed using electrospray ionization (ESI) to detect and quantify a new fiscal fuel marker, ACCUTRACE S10, that was introduced into fuel in the U.K. and Ireland from April 1, 2015. S10 is synthesized by the Dow Chemical Company and is used as a replacement for ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) fuel markers, such as quinizarin, Euromarker, and Solvent Red 24. It is UV–invisible, is doped at a low level (2.5 ppm), and was designed for detection using modern gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation. All currently proposed methods for the determination of the ACCUTRACE S10 fuel marker in diesel fuel (automotive diesel oil, with current specifications of EN 590 and ASTM D975) use GC–MS, and two-dimensional (2D) GC–MS is necessary to detect the marker at tank dilutions. However, the lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for S10 are severely compromised...

STUDI EFEK PENGGUNAAN BIODIESEL TERHADAP EMISI PADA SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI JAKARTA

Biodiesel has been proven by world wide numerous studies as an environmental friendly alternative diesel fuel. Biodiesel is essentially sulfur free. Engines fueled by biodiesel emit significantly fewer particulates, hydrocarbons and less carbon monoxide than that operating conventional diesel fuel. The maximum utilizationof biodiesel in Indonesia could improve the air quality level in major cities especially in Jakarta. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of biodiesel utilization in transportation sector to the air pollution level in Jakarta. The targeted emission in the study are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx),hydrocarbons (HC), sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) from vehicle sources. The scenarios used in this study are the utilization of B10 in 2010 and increased to B20 in 2015, B30 in 2020 and B50 in 2025 as an automotive diesel fuel substitution in Jakarta. The result showed that the utilization of biodieselcould improve the air quality level in Jakarta, especially on SO2 and PM emission. By using B10 in 2010, the emission of SO2 and PM will decrease 7,95% (2.070 ton) and 15,62% (1.680 ton) respectively compared to utilizing of pure fossil automotive diesel oil. The highest emission improvement was shown on B50 in2025 scenario. The reduction of SO2 and PM was reached 35,69% (16.660 ton) and 23,21% (4.360 ton) respectively.

PREPARASI KARAKTERISTIK BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Biodiesel’s characteristics preparation from palm oil. Using vegetable oils directly as an alternative diesel fuel has presented engine problems. The problems have been attributed to high viscosity of vegetable oil that causes the poor atomization of fuel in the injector system and pruduces uncomplete combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the vegetable oil into ester (metil ester) by tranesterification process to decrease its viscosity. In this research has made biodiesel by reaction of palm oil and methanol using lye (NaOH) as catalyst with operation conditions: constant temperature at 60 o C in atmosferic pressure, palm oil : methanol volume ratio = 5 : 1, amount of NaOH used as catalyst = 3.5 gr, 4.5 gr, 5 gr and 5.5 gr and it takes about one hour time reaction. The ester (metil ester) produced are separated from glycerin and washed until it takes normal pH (6-7) where more amount of catalyst used will decrease the ester (biodiesel) produced. The results show that biodiesels’ properties made by using 3.5 (M3.5) gr, 4.5 gr (M4.5) and 5 (M5.0) gr catalyst close to industrial diesel oil and the other (M5.5) closes to automotive diesel oil, while blending diesel oil with 20 % biodiesel (B20) is able to improve the diesel engine performances.

Development of an Air Assisted Fuel Atomizer (Liquid Siphon Type) for a Continuous Combustor

This research was the study of a fuel injection system in continuous combustor. Air atomizing nozzle is developed to good efficiency injection and used low air pressure (68.95-275.79kPa) to assist the atomizing nozzle. Refined palm oil and automotive diesel oil were the fuels for the experiment for the system of atomization. The atomizer was designed in a manner that air could flow through the small nozzle. Consequently, the low-pressure airflow could induce fuel by siphoning and break oil into small fine droplets that were delivered through the outlet. The aim of design and develop a continuous combustor is emphasized on simplicity for construction, inexpensive, good stability and reduce import fuel for continuous combustor. Material for combustor chamber is stainless steel in order to avoid oxidation at high combustion temperature. The results showed practical combustion performance using refined palm oil as fuel with ultra-low CO and HC emissions less than 206 ppm and 7 ppm. Another main advantage is a clean combustion, as no sulfur content in the fuel. As a result, the combustor performance testing was evaluated with refined palm oil and LPG. By regulating atomizing air pressure between 68.9995- 275.79 kPa (10-40psi, Siphon height 0.45 m) and regulating LPG pressure of 6.8 kPa (1 psi), result showed that 0.0001167-0.00019936 kg/s of fuel consumption, hot gas produced from combustion was in the range of 308-498°C depending on oxidizing air mass flow regulated between 0.0695-0.1067kg/s. The LPG mass flow was regulated 0.000489 kg/s in order to sustain the combustion stability.

Development of an Air Assisted Fuel Atomizer (Liquid Siphon Type) for a Continuous Combustor

This research was the study of a fuel injection system in continuous combustor. Air atomizing nozzle is developed to good efficiency injection and used low air pressure (68.95- 275.79kPa) to assist the atomizing nozzle. Refined palm oil and automotive diesel oil were the fuels for the experiment for the system of atomization. The atomizer was designed in a manner that air could flow through the small nozzle. Consequently, the low-pressure airflow could induce fuel by siphoning and break oil into small fine droplets that were delivered through the outlet. The aim of design and develop a continuous combustor is emphasized on simplicity for construction, inexpensive, good stability and reduce import fuel for continuous combustor. Material for combustor chamber is stainless steel in order to avoid oxidation at high combustion temperature. The results showed practical combustion performance using refined palm oil as fuel with ultra-low CO and HC emissions less than 206 ppm and 7 ppm. Another main advantage is a clean combustion, as no sulfur content in the fuel. As a result, the combustor performance testing was evaluated with refined palm oil and LPG. By regulating atomizing air pressure between 68.9995- 275.79 kPa (10-40psi, Siphon height 0.45 m) and regulating LPG pressure of 6.8 kPa (1 psi), result showed that 0.0001167-0.00019936 kg/s of fuel consumption, hot gas produced from combustion was in the range of 308-498 0 C depending on oxidizing air mass flow regulated between 0.0695-0.1067kg/s. The LPG mass flow was regulated 0.000489 kg/s in order to sustain the combustion stability.

Spectrophotometric determination of the ASTM color of diesel oil

One of the parameters analyzed to determine the quality of diesel oil is its ASTM color. Changes in color may be indicative of problems in the production process, contamination, degradation or the oxidation of diesel. The methodology recommended for determining the color of automotive diesel oil samples is the colorimetry according to standard ASTM D1500, in which a sample is introduced into a glass cell and the color of the sample is compared with an optical filter color scale. Although it is very simple, the manual method requires good visual acuity from the operator. This procedure becomes somewhat subjective in some cases since different operators can make distinct evaluations of the same sample. In this way, this work proposes the development of a spectrophotometric analysis methodology to eliminate the subjectiveness in the determination of ASTM color of diesel oil samples by using operator-independent parameters and making quality assay more accurate and precise.

Use of Airborne Thermal Imagery to Detect and Monitor Inshore Oil Spill Residues During Darkness Hours.

/ Trials were conducted using an airborne video system operating in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal wavelengths to detect two known oil spill releases during darkness at a distance of 10 nautical miles from the shore in St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia. The oil spills consisted of two 20-liter samples released at 2-h intervals, one sample consisted of paraffinic neutral material and the other of automotive diesel oil. A tracking buoy was sent overboard in conjunction with the release of sample 1, and its movement monitored by satellite relay. Both oil residues were overflown by a light aircraft equipped with thermal, visible, and infrared imagers at a period of approximately 1 h after the release of the second oil residue. Trajectories of the oil residue releases were also modeled and the results compared to those obtained by the airborne video and the tracking buoy. Airborne imagery in the thermal wavelengths successfully located and mapped both oil residue samples during nighttime conditions. Results from the trial suggest that the most advantageous technique would be the combined use of the tracking beacon to obtain an approximate location of the oil spill and the airborne imagery to ascertain its extent and characteristics.KEY WORDS: Airborne video; Thermal imagery; Global positioning; Oil-spill monitoring; Tracking beacon

On a relationship between particulate emission and bosch smoke density in diesel combustion.

The relationship between Bosch smoke density and the dry soot concentration in a particulate emission is examined experimentally using various test fuels including water-emulsified fuel in the wide operation range of a small-sized, high speed-turbocharged DI diesel engine. A good correlation has been confirmed between them in the combustion tests of automotive diesel oil and marine diesel oil. However, parts of the data have deviated from the above correlation curve in the cases of water-emulsified fuel and heavy fuel. The reasons for the deviation have been clearly shown by electromicroscopic studies of trapped particulates in the filter and by analyzing a relationship between the sulfur content in the fuels and the sulfate content in the dry soot.

AUSTRALIAN BROWN COAL/OIL MIXTURES AS A FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINES; ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY

ABSTRACT CSIRO Division of Energy Technology has used mixtures of finely ground, chemically beneficiated, Australian brown coal (up to 30% by weight, maximum particle size less than 13 microns) and automotive diesel oil (ADO) to fuel an essentially unmodified single cylinder diesel engine operating at 800, 1200 and 1500 r/min. Engine performance tests indicate that brown coal can be used as a fuel extender to reduce consumption of the conventional liquid diesel fuel (ADO). Partially burnt coal agglomerates were identified in the engine exhaust and there were indications of late burning at the higher engine speeds and coal concentrations. Engine brake thermal efficiency ratio is identified as an important parameter when evaluating the thermal performance and economic viability of new fuels for internal combustion engines. A simple economic model based on ‘payback period’ is developed and used to assess the viability of converting an existing diesel engine powered plant to operate on the coal/oil mixture fu...