Performance Of Automotive Air Conditioning System Research Articles

Improving Automotive Air Conditioning System Performance Using Composite Nano-Lubricants and Fuzzy Modeling Optimization

This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of automobile air conditioning (AAC) systems through the use of composite nano-lubricants and fuzzy modeling optimization techniques. Composite nano-lubricants, which consist of varied metal oxide ingredients and content ratios, are projected to surpass single-component nano-lubricants in terms of improving the performance of AAC systems. Fuzzy modeling is used to simulate the AAC system based on experimental data using three input parameters: volume concentration of nano-lubricants (%), the refrigerant charge (g), and compressor speed (rpm). The output performance of the AAC system is measured using four parameters: cooling capacity (CC) in kW, compressor work (CW) in kJ/kg, coefficient of performance (COP), and power consumption (PC) in kW. Optimization is performed using the marine predators algorithm (MPA) to identify the best values for the input control parameters. The objective function is to minimize CW, COP, and PC while simultaneously maximizing CC and COP. Results showed that the performance of the AAC system improved from 85% to 88% compared to the experimental dataset, highlighting the potential benefits of using composite nano-lubricants and fuzzy modeling optimization for improving the energy efficiency of AAC systems. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with ANOVA was performed to demonstrate the superiority of the fuzzy modeling approach. The results indicate that the fuzzy model outperforms ANOVA, as evidenced by a reduced root mean square error (RMSE) for all data, from 0.412 using ANOVA to 0.0572 using fuzzy. Additionally, the coefficient of determination for training increased from 0.9207 with ANOVA to 1.0 with fuzzy, further substantiating the success of the fuzzy modeling phase.

Rheological Properties of TiO2/POE Nanolubricant for Automotive Air-Conditioning System

The enhancement of nanolubricant rheological properties can improve the performance of automotive air-conditioning systems. The rheological properties of the TiO2/POE nanolubricant were investigated in this study at 0.01 to 0.1% volume concentrations and temperatures ranging from 0 to 100°C. TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the base lubricant of Polyol-ester (POE RL68H) lubricant in two steps. The dynamic viscosity was measured with an Anton-Paar Rotational Rheometer. According to the findings, the TiO2/POE nanolubricant behaved as Newtonian fluids at all volume concentrations and temperatures. The dynamic viscosity increment of nanolubricants up to 1.75% only occurred for 0.1% volume concentration and temperature of 90 to 100°C. Meanwhile, when compared to POE lubricant, nanolubricants with volume concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% showed a decrement trend in dynamic viscosity of up to 1.8%. Finally, the TiO2/POE nanolubricant improved the rheological properties of the POE lubricant for use in automotive air-conditioning systems.

Performance of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG employed composite nanolubricant in automotive air conditioning (AAC) system

Automotive Air conditioning (AAC) system is the contributor of harmful gasses emission and global warming. In order to solve the issues, investigation on potential improvement in lubrication used in air conditioning system is done to improve the system performance and efficiency. The performance of AAC system namely cooling capacity, compressor work, coefficient of performance (COP) and power consumption was investigated by comparing pure lubricant and Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants. Performance of AAC by using different ranges of refrigerant charges (95 to 155 g) and speeds (1200 and 1800 rpm) was investigated. The result shows that the cooling capacity and COP of pure lubricant were relatively lower than Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants. The compressor work and power consumptions of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG nanolubricants were greatly reduced. Cooling capacity and COP are enhanced by 102.99% and 23% respectively. The compressor work and power consumption are reduced by 25.9% and 28.24% respectively. From the results, nanolubricants gives more advantages in AAC performance over pure lubricant. Therefore, Al2O3-SiO2/PAG composite nanolubricants is recommended to be used as the compressor lubrication to enhance AAC performances system.

Energy and exergy analysis of compact automotive air conditioning (AAC) system

Automotive Air conditioning (AAC) is a unit that uses a high measure of energy from a car total engine power. In equatorial climate country such as Malaysia, high usage of AAC is inevitable due to hot, humid and rainy weather throughout the year. An understanding about the energy and exergy losses is essential to find the potential improvement to maximise the efficiency in an AAC system. The main objective of this study is to study the performance of energy and the exergy of a compact automotive air conditioning system. This cycle uses R134a and PAG lubricant as the working fluid. The different ranges of initial refrigerant charge and compressor speed have been tested on the AAC to evaluate the effect of different major thermodynamic parameters in performance. A theoretical model is developed to work out the thermodynamic parameters such as coefficient of performance, exergy destruction ratio, component efficiency defect as well as the dimensionless exergy balance for the AAC system components. The results of this study have shown that most of the energy has been destructed in evaporator part. In order to maximize the efficiency and performance of AAC system, further optimization needs to be done in order to improve the evaporator component.

Energy saving in automotive air conditioning system performance using SiO2/PAG nanolubricants

The use of automotive air conditioning (AAC) nowadays is essential because of the hot climate and global warming. The AAC increases the overall fuel consumption in order to cool down the car cabin, hence releases more CO2 into the atmosphere. Nanotechnology can be implemented into the lubricant of the AAC compressor which can aid in reducing the power consumption. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of SiO2/PAG nanolubricants on the AAC performance and energy saving. The SiO2/PAG nanolubricants were prepared using the two-step method. The sedimentation observation and UV–Vis spectrophotometer evaluation confirmed the stability of the nanolubricants. The tribology analysis revealed the coefficient of friction of SiO2/PAG nanolubricants better than the original PAG lubricants. The performance parameters and power consumption (energy saving) of AAC system using SiO2/PAG nanolubricants were compared with PAG lubricants. The condenser pressure and the pressure ratio of the AAC system decreased by an average of 10.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The volumetric heat absorb increased up to 3% and the coefficient of performance increased by an average of 21%. The compressor work and power consumption of the AAC system reduced by 16.5% and 4%, respectively. As a conclusion, it was recommended to use 0.05% volume concentration of SiO2/PAG nanolubricants in AAC compressor for optimum system performance and energy saving.

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Performance of Automotive Air-Conditioning System

The automotive air conditioning is one of the important things to be discovered and analyses to maximize the coefficient of performance (COP). The effects of the global warming in a surrounding world give a big impact on performance of air conditioning system in the vehicle. The significant of these issues make the ambient temperature changing. The ambient temperature it’s different according to the type of the place. The different ambient temperature will effect on the performance of air conditioning system. This study will analysis the energy consumption, temperature distribution and COP at various ambient temperature (30, 35 and 40°C), internal heat load (0, 500,700 and 1000 W) and engine speed (1000, 1500 and 2000 rpm) using HFC-R134a as the refrigerant. Measurements were taken during the 30 minute experimental period for temperature set point which 21°C. The results showed that the performance of the automotive air conditioning system decreases when ambient temperature, internal heat load and compressor speed increased.

Performance of Automotive Air-Conditioning System by Using Ejector as an Expansion Device

An automotive air conditioning system that uses thermal expansion valve (TEV) as an expansion device. The pressure drop from the condenser and evaporator pressure is considered an isenthalpic process (constant enthalpy), where this process causes energy loss (entropy generation) in the expansion process. The ejector recovers energy losses, which was previously lost in the expansion valve, and an ejector can be used to generate isentropic condition in the expansion process. The use of an ejector as an expansion device in this study can reduce power consumption of the compressor and increase cooling capacity of the evaporator. The experiments were conducted with temperature set-points of the conditioned space of 21, 22 and 23°C with internal heat loads of 100, 200 and 400 W. Measurements were taken during the one hour experimental period at a time interval of five minutes. The experiment results indicate that the ejector system is better than TEV and save fuel.