Automatic Recording Research Articles

Total sugar intake significantly associated with systolic blood pressure in small sample population

Abstract Background Hypertension contributes to 45% of all deaths from heart disease and up to 51% of deaths from strokes. Dietary factors, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) can play a role, but recent studies have also highlighted the importance of sugar intake on blood pressure. Very few studies have evaluated the impact of these factors and their ratio on cardiometabolic biomarkers. This study aims to assess the impact of dietary sugar intake, Na+, K+ and NA+/K+ ratio on hypertension and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Methods Fasting venous blood was collected to measure glucose, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol, HDL-c, ApoA1, ApoB, or hs-CRP, with enzymatic and turbidimetric techniques, and oxidized LDL by ELISA, and IL-6 and TNFa by Luminex system, the latter’s in a subset sample. Blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and HR) was measured at least twice with an automatic recorder. Dietary intake was obtained using semi-quantitative FFQ, comprising 82 items, and reported to the previous year. Data was analysed using R software through descriptive analysis and partial correlations adjusted to the participant’s BMI. A significant level of 0.05 was used. Results 78 participants, aged from 19 to 80 years old (M = 48,5±13,5) were evaluated, with 47% taking hypertensive medication. BMI ranged from 19,7 to 41,1 Kg/m2 (M = 29,2±5,4). The average intake of Na+, K+ and NA+/K+ ratio were 3805±1397 mg, 3980±1300 mg and 1.65±0,38, respectively. Total mean sugar intake (% energy) represents 21,4%. No significant correlation was found between Na+ or K+ with SBP, HR, and the cardiometabolic biomarkers (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between % sugar intake and SBP (rs = 0,29, p < 0,05), which remains significant after adjusting for BMI, and a positive correlation, in the borderline of significance, with TAG (rs = 0,23, p = 0,0561). Conclusions N+, K+, and their ratio do not associate with SBP, HR and cardiometabolic biomarkers. However, % of sugar intake is positively associated with SBP. Key messages • Sodium and potassium may not always be associated with changes in blood pressure. • Sugar intake might have an important role in the etiopathology of hypertension.

Sistem E-Presensi Berbasis Web Dengan Kode QR di SMK Negeri 2 Cimahi

The web-based e-Attendance system with QR Code at SMK Negeri 2 Cimahi enhances student attendance monitoring digitally. By integrating QR Code technology, students easily record their attendance by scanning a QR Code on the attendance page. The system’s key advantage is automatic attendance recording, providing real-time access for teachers and administrative staff. The user-friendly interface ensures accurate monitoring and efficient data management, minimizing errors and offering a precise understanding of student attendance. The implementation of QR Code technology has improved administrative efficiency and reduced errors, leading to better insights into student attendance. Data analysis enables teachers to take appropriate actions to enhance student engagement, fostering a more responsive learning environment. Overall, the e-Attendance system significantly optimizes student attendance management in the digital era.

An efficient learning based approach for automatic record deduplication with benchmark datasets

With technological innovations, enterprises in the real world are managing every iota of data as it can be mined to derive business intelligence (BI). However, when data comes from multiple sources, it may result in duplicate records. As data is given paramount importance, it is also significant to eliminate duplicate entities towards data integration, performance and resource optimization. To realize reliable systems for record deduplication, late, deep learning could offer exciting provisions with a learning-based approach. Deep ER is one of the deep learning-based methods used recently for dealing with the elimination of duplicates in structured data. Using it as a reference model, in this paper, we propose a framework known as Enhanced Deep Learning-based Record Deduplication (EDL-RD) for improving performance further. Towards this end, we exploited a variant of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) along with various attribute compositions, similarity metrics, and numerical and null value resolution. We proposed an algorithm known as Efficient Learning based Record Deduplication (ELbRD). The algorithm extends the reference model with the aforementioned enhancements. An empirical study has revealed that the proposed framework with extensions outperforms existing methods.

Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Screening in Ukraine

PURPOSE Breast cancer early detection in Ukraine and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often includes opportunistic screening. Evaluation of factors that affect screening is key to improving early detection. METHODS An online survey for primary care physicians (PCPs) was distributed through PCP-focused social media in Ukraine. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS 435 PCPs from all regions of Ukraine completed the survey, including 389 (89.4%) women, 375 (86.2%) family medicine, 60 (13.8%) internal medicine physicians. 349 (80.2%) referred women for screening mammography. 252 (57.9%) conducted screening clinical breast exams (CBE), while 135 (31.0%) referred patients to mammalogists or 133 (30.6%) to gynecologists for CBE. Within one's practice, mammography was available for 81 (18.6%), mammalogists for 39 (9.0%), and gynecologists for 133 (30.3%). Breast cancer screening was prompted by MOH Order 504 for 281 (64%), family history 266 (61%), patient pathway guidelines 94 (21.6%), availability of subspecialists 78 (17.9%), and patient request 132 (30%). Reasons for not conducting CBE screening included insufficient experience 88 (20.2%), patients declining CBE 63 (14.5%), lack of time 59 (13.6%). Reasons for not conducting mammography screening included patients declining (11.7%) and absence of mammography (6.4%).). 350 (80.5%) were familiar with the Ministry of Health (MOH) Order 504, which describes eligibility criteria for breast cancer screening, and 291 (66.9%) used it to guide their screening practice. Others used US or European recommendations (62 (14.3%) and 115 (26.4%), respectively), and institution-specific patient pathways 117 (26.9%). Barriers to breast cancer screening included insufficient PCP training (53%) and experience (40%) and insufficient mammography availability (33%). Strategies for increasing breast cancer screening included improving collaboration between PCPs and oncologists 175 (40.2%), educational materials for patients 169 (38.9%), PCP education/training 168 (38.6%), automatic electronic health record reminders 150 (34.5%). CONCLUSION We identified important barriers and facilitators of breast cancer screening from the point of view of PCPs in Ukraine. Our results were limited by online convenience sampling.

Development and validation of the MultiScent-20 digital odour identification test using item response theory

Although validated and reliable psychophysical tests of olfactory function are available, an easy-to-use and feasible test has yet to be developed. This study aimed to design a digital odour identification test, evaluate its validity, assess its reliability, establish a normative curve, and explore the impact of demographic factors. The odour identification test was presented with the Multiscent-20, a hand-held, tablet-like digital scent device that features an integrated odour digital delivery system. The identification performance on the 20 odours was assessed using item response theory (IRT). The normative curve was established by administering the test to a large sample of participants (n = 1299). The mean identification score was 17.5 (SD = 2.1). The two-parameter logistic IRT model provided the best fit, revealing variation in item discrimination and difficulty parameters. Educational attainment influenced performance, with primary education associated with lower scores. Additionally, sex was not found to be associated with performance. This study provides initial evidence supporting the validity and reliability of use of the Multiscent-20 as a digital odour identification test. The test’s automation and portability enable the standardized delivery of olfactory stimuli and efficient automatic recording and scoring of responses.

A computer-assisted tool for automatically measuring non-native Japanese oral proficiency

This study presents the development of an automated tool for assessing the speech of non-native Japanese speakers. The tool integrated an accent-trained automatic speech recording system based on deep neural networks, audio-text transcription, and natural language processing technologies to perform annotation, analysis, calculation, and scoring. A dataset consisting of audio recordings from 1000 Japanese learners across 16 countries was used for machine training. Validity and reliability tests were parallelly developed to evaluate: (a) the measures’ ability to distinguish test takers with different oral proficiency levels; (b) the agreement between the annotations and scoring performed by the tool and human raters. The results, obtained through precision, recall, F-Score, quadratically-weighted kappa, proportional reduction of mean squared error, Pearson correlation, and multi-faceted Rasch measurement, demonstrated a relatively high reliability of the automated tool. The tool provides users with both a holistic score and individual scores for each criterion, allowing them to gain insights into their overall performance as well as detailed evaluations for each aspect of their proficiency. Consequently, it can be utilized for employment, education, and self-learning purposes.

A versatile recording device for the analysis of continuous daily external activity in colonies of highly eusocial bees.

As pollinators, bees are key to maintaining the biodiversity of angiosperm plants, and for agriculture they provide a billion-dollar ecosystem service. But they also compete for resources (primarily nectar and pollen), especially the highly social bees that live in perennial colonies. So, how do they organize their daily temporal activities? Here, we present a versatile, low-cost device for the continuous, automatic recording and data analysis of the locomotor activity in the colony-entrance tube of highly eusocial bees. Consisting of an in-house built block containing an infrared detector, the passage of bees in the colony entrance tunnel is registered and automatically recorded in an Arduino environment, together with concomitant recordings of temperature and relative humidity. With a focus on the highly diverse Neotropical stingless bees (Meliponini), we obtained 10-day consecutive recordings for two colonies each of the species Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta varia, and also for the honey bee. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis identified a predominant circadian rhythmicity for all three species, but also indications of ultradian rhythms. For M. quadrifasciata, which is comparable in size to the honey bee, we found evidence for a possibly anticipatory activity already before sunrise. As all three species also presented activity at night in the colony entrance tube, this also raises questions about sleep organization in social insects. The cost and versatility of the device and the open-source options for data analysis make this an attractive system for conducting studies on circadian rhythms in social bees under natural conditions, complementing studies on flower visits by these important pollinators.

Acceleration inside an aircraft in parabolic flight

This paper aims to present and analyse the acceleration data inside an aircraft during a parabolic flight. The data used were obtained during the flight from the automatic recordings of the aircraft and from a portable data logger with a built-in 3-axis accelerometer connected to a graphic calculator. There is good agreement between the accelerations obtained by the two methods. Based on the altitude data collected during each parabolic manoeuvre performed by the aircraft, it was possible to estimate the gravity of Mars and the Moon, as well as the values of the acceleration of gravity during the moments of microgravity. The analysis presented can also help to improve the understanding of the concepts of inertial forces and the equivalence between gravity and acceleration.

Morphological identification of brugada type 1 pattern using loop recorder: a feasibility study

Abstract Introduction The presence of spontaneous type 1 Brugada pattern (BP1) is associated with an elevated risk of arrhythmic events. Diagnosis of this condition is often underestimated due to its intermittent nature. While periodic ambulatory ECG monitoring can distinguish patients with pharmacologically induced patterns from those with spontaneous patterns, the diagnostic capabilities of this method are limited. Implantable cardiac monitors (ICM), designed to continuously record heart rhythm, may offer higher sensitivity in detecting patients with intermittent patterns. However, the ICM's ability to morphologically identify the ST segment elevation associated with BP1 remains uncharted. Purpose This study aimed to assess the ICM's capacity to morphologically identify the ST segment elevation associated with BP1. Methods We enrolled all patients who underwent ajmaline testing (AT) between November 2022 and September 2023 in our centre. For positive patients, the external simulator of a loop recorder was utilized to evaluate four positions (I-II left intercostal space at a 45° tilt, II-III left intercostal space at a 45° tilt, II-III right parasternal intercostal space, and II-III left parasternal intercostal space). These positions were selected to capture the trace with the most significant ST segment elevation at the J point during the peak positivity of the ECG during the ajmaline test. Measurements from the recorded traces were acquired using dedicated software. Results Out of 50 patients, 21 (male-to-female ratio 1.62:1, mean age 43.4±13.1 years) had a positive AT result. Seventeen patients exhibited ST segment elevation in the simulator trace during the highest ajmaline dose. Among these patients, the optimal recording position was in the I-II left intercostal space at a 45° tilt in 66.7% of cases. The median ST segment elevation recorded by the simulator was 0.9 mm (interquartile range 0.6-1.1 mm). Notably, there was no observed correlation between the extent of ST segment elevation in the ECG and that recorded by the simulator trace (Pearson linear coefficient = 0.09). Conclusions ICM may offer the potential to record BP1, a finding that holds significant diagnostic and prognostic implications for asymptomatic patients with pharmacologically induced BP1. Further research is needed to develop useful programming algorithms for the automatic recording of this pattern.

Development and Field Testing of the Technical Implementation Unit for Lowland Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR BTR) for Water Level Measurement in Jejangkit Lowland Irrigation Area, South Kalimantan

Observation of water levels using tide gauge is typically conducted by designated personnel or observers. However, its on-field implementation is deemed to be less effective due to the relatively low accuracy of readings. Additionally, hourly water level readings are necessary to generate detailed tidal patterns. Hence, Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) plays a crucial role as an alternative to tide gauge. The utilization of AWLR is considered more practical, yielding more accurate reading data. Furthermore, readings can be conducted continuously, ensuring data acquisition in all conditions. The development of the AWLR BTR system involved literature reviews, software development, hardware assembly, device testing, field trials, and data comparison with the Valeport Tide Gauge. Field trials were conducted at DIR Jejangkit, South Kalimantan. The conducted trials involved operating the AWLR BTR and comparing it with the Valeport AWLR data for validation. Through calculations, the comparison of data between AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport demonstrates similar water level values, where the average value from AWLR BTR data is 39,69 and Valeport is 39,55. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the water levels of AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport is found to be 0,9976, indicating a strong positive correlation between these two data variables.

IMPLEMENTING VIRTUAL REALITY TO FOSTER CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS CHECKING AND REPORTING

The scarce human workforce during the economic downturn and the COVID lockdown measures exposed the need for more reliance on in-person construction site visits. During the pandemic, the research team conducted a systematic review to investigate how virtual reality (VR) techniques can be applied to foster more effective construction defect checking and reporting. The findings indicate that VR technologies can be applied in marker-based inspection, which is crucial for developing the automatic defect recording and tracking system. Built on these findings, this paper reports a case study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, demonstrating how VR techniques can be applied to develop practical solutions for enhancing defect checking and reporting in an actual construction project. The solutions focused on reducing the time-consuming and inefficient manual tracking process. This study shows a step forward in assisting human judgment by resolving the in-person marker-based inspections and manual defect tracking encountered in traditional defect checking and reporting practices.

IMPLEMENTING VIRTUAL REALITY TO FOSTER CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS CHECKING AND REPORTING

The scarce human workforce during the economic downturn and the COVID lockdown measures exposed the need for more reliance on in-person construction site visits. During the pandemic, the research team conducted a systematic review to investigate how virtual reality (VR) techniques can be applied to foster more effective construction defect checking and reporting. The findings indicate that VR technologies can be applied in marker-based inspection, which is crucial for developing the automatic defect recording and tracking system. Built on these findings, this paper reports a case study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, demonstrating how VR techniques can be applied to develop practical solutions for enhancing defect checking and reporting in an actual construction project. The solutions focused on reducing the time-consuming and inefficient manual tracking process. This study shows a step forward in assisting human judgment by resolving the in-person marker-based inspections and manual defect tracking encountered in traditional defect checking and reporting practices.

Trends in the use of neuromuscular blocking agents, reversal agents and neuromuscular transmission monitoring: a single-centre retrospective cohort study

BackgroundResidual neuromuscular blockade (rNMB) remains a persistent and preventable problem, with serious risks.MethodsOur objective was to describe and assess patterns in the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), neuromuscular transmission (NMT) monitoring, and factors associated with the use of sugammadex. We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study based on electronic medical records in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands that introduced an integrated NMT monitoring module with automatic recording in 2017. A total of 22,000 cases were randomly selected from all surgeries between January 2015 and December 2019 that required endotracheal intubation with the use of an NMBA. A total of 14,592 cases fulfilled all the inclusion criteria for complete analyses.ResultsRelative NMBA usage remained the same over time. For rocuronium, spontaneous reversal decreased from 86 to 81%, sugammadex reversal increased from 12 to 18%. There was a decline in patients extubated in the operating room (OR) with neither documented NMT monitoring nor sugammadex-mediated reversal from 46 to 31%. The percentage of patients extubated in the OR without a documented train-of-four ratio ≥ 0.9, decreased from 77 to 56%. Several factors were independently associated with the use of sugammadex, including BMI > 30 kg/m2 (odds ratio: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.24–1.60), ASA class 3 or 4 (1.20; 1.07–1.34), age > 60 years (1.37; 1.23–1.53), duration of surgery < 120 min (3.01; 2.68–3.38), emergency surgery (1.83; 1.60–2.09), laparoscopic surgery (2.01; 1.71–2.36), open abdominal/thoracic surgery (1.56; 1.38–1.78), NMT monitoring used (5.31; 4.63–6.08), total dose of rocuronium (1.99; 1.76–2.25), and (inversely) use of inhalational anaesthetics (0.88; 0.79–0.99).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the implementation of NMT monitoring with automatic recording coincides with a gradual increase in the (documented) use of NMT monitoring and an increased use of sugammadex with a more precise dose. Factors associated with sugammadex use include higher age, ASA score, BMI, abdominal and thoracic surgery, higher rocuronium doses, emergency surgery and the use of NMT monitoring.Trial registrationN/A.Key points• Introduction of NMT monitoring with automatic recording coincides with an increase in (documented) use of NMT monitoring.• Sugammadex is more frequently used in patients with a presumed higher a priori risk of pulmonary complications.• Despite increased NMT monitoring and use of sugammadex a significant percentage of patients remain at potential risk of rNMB.

Application of Polynomial Interpolation for Iterative Complementation of the Missing Nodes in a Regular Network of Squares Used for the Construction of a Digital Terrain Model

Due to the continuous increase in the volume of spatially located information, the current requirements imposed on the Spatial Information System (SIS) concern increasing data mining capabilities. Modern measurement systems, based on devices which enable the automatic recording of observation results on a mass scale (LiDAR—Light Detection and Ranging, MBES—Multi Beam Echo Sounder, etc.), allow for a very large volume of information on the surface to be measured and acquired in a relatively short time. One of the methods to reduce the volume of data enabling the generation of a model surface is to convert unevenly distributed measurement points into a regular network of squares (GRID). However, the generation of a complete grid is not always possible. In the measurement spectrum, there may be areas where measurement points have not been recorded. Measurement points can also be eliminated by either filtering the erroneously recorded data or eliminating the measured vegetation or the utilities in the area. To address these problems, the current article proposes a method for complementing the missing internal nodes in a regular network of squares using polynomial interpolation algorithms. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the possibilities of using the presented method for adding additional points between the already existing nodes of the network of squares. The application of the methodology presented in this article enables the effective elimination of (or a reduction in) the gaps in the GRID structure, which, in turn, allows such a network of squares to be used to generate a more accurate Digital Terrain Model.

Land use change analysis and the impact on the streamflow of the Keureuto River

The increasing of population is proportional to the natural resource’s exploitation. Over the past few decades, the activity has converted the natural land into agricultural and plantation fields, urbanized areas, and other types of use. In some watershed systems, land use conversion has reduced the system’s capability both in sustaining water resources and in preventing extreme runoff. Such is the case of the 302 km2 Krueng Keureuto Watershed which supports the water supply for the North Aceh District, both for irrigation and municipal use. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the land use change in the system and its impact on the streamflow. The land use is classified based on the Landsat satellite images of the year 2015 and 2021, using the Supervised Classification tool in ArcGIS. The impact is investigated using a Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The outlet is defined based on the Automatic Water Level Recording (AWLR) station downstream of the Keureuto River. A significant reduction of the forest is estimated at 27.67% in seven years. In contrast, the land use types such as urbanized areas, agricultural fields, and shrubs are increasing to 6.34%; 4.75%; and 5.75%, respectively. Based on the model simulation it is confirmed that the changes in land use have altered the river flow regime.

Flood peak estimation for the keureuto watershed using the hydrological modeling system HEC-HMS

The Keureuto watershed has been the water resource used mainly for irrigation and municipal use. Extreme rainfall along with changes in the system may trigger rainfall excess causing flood at downstream. The occurrences may impact the usability of the system that supports the water resources supply. Investigating the impact of the floods requires initial research on the rainfall-runoff process of the watershed system. Rainfall-runoff modeling is an approach widely used for estimating the discharge hydrograph of the river as the result of the processes. The HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model tool is applied in this study to estimate the peak flood discharge for the Keureto watershed located in the North Aceh region. The data used are satellite Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data and Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) data at the watershed outlet. The 302 km2 Keureuto Watershed is divided into 23 sub-basins for the HEC-HMS model. The SCS Curve Number is applied to the model. The simulated freturncompared to the observed flow using the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria which returns the NSE value of 0.38 for seven years simulation, based on data of year 2015 to 2021. At an event based on October 2020 to March 2021, the NSE value returns 0.52, satisfactory for the simulation data range. The highest peak of the event is captured by the model simulation in the timing and the magnitude which value lower 20% from the observed flow.

Flood hazard comparison based on geomorphic flood index and hydraulic HEC-RAS (Case study in Ciliwung Watershed, Jakarta)

The Jakarta Special Capital Region is a highly vulnerable area to floods due to its location on wetlands laced by 13 major rivers and borders the Java Sea, with more than 40% of its land below sea level and groundwater extraction leading to the ground sinking. The city has experienced several major flood disasters, and climate change has increased the risk, frequency, and severity of flooding in Jakarta. The present study aims to identify areas with flood potential in the Jakarta Special Capital Region (Provinsi DKI Jakarta) using the Geospatial Flood Index (GFI) method recommended by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). The GFI method is an alternative rapid assessment that utilizes the Digital Elevation Model for National Spatial (DEMNAS) data with an 8-meter spatial resolution and employs ARCGIS and QGIS software to identify areas with high potential for flooding and the extent of inundation. To assess the effectiveness of this method, a comparison is made with the Hydraulic HECRAS model for the section from the Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) MT. Hartono to the Manggarai Flood Gate, considering flood return periods Q50 and Q100. The modeling results indicate that the inundation area estimated by the conventional GFI modeling is 150% larger than that the HECRAS Hydraulic model predicted.

Methods of assessing emissions of contaminants from sties into the air

Provision of competitiveness in the sphere of animal farming in Ukraine requires the introduction of innovative systems of technological support involving modern microprocessor control-measurement systems and devices. The method of continuous automatic record of emissions of contaminants from animal premises reveals patterns in emissions of the main air contaminants and allows their mass concentrations and dynamics of emissions to be tracked over 24 h period. By employing this method, we determined the coefficients of 24 h emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from premises for fattening young swine. The coefficients of 24 h emission of ammonia were found to be significantly lower in the sty with a slatted floor in pens for the winter, spring, and autumn periods compared with the sties with concrete floor. However, coefficients of 24 h emission of methane were significantly higher by 76.1–286.9% in the sty with a slatted floor, which is associated with the peculiarities of technology of the self-cleaning system. Two-times removal of manure from the sty with concrete floor significantly reduced the average annual coefficients of emission of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane, by 12.1%, 22.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. Analysis of emission of the main contaminants from the sties with slatted and concrete floor in pens indicated a significant effect of this factor on the amount of emission, structure, and presence of seasonal and daily variability in those parameters. Accumulation of experimental materials regarding emission of contaminants will allow average actual parameters of emissions from small pig farms to be identified, which will allow adequate assessment of the effect their activity has on the environment, particularly in residential areas, and substantiate the minimal allowable distances to sanitary-protective zones.

Supraglottic Airway Devices: Present State and Outlook for 2050.

Correct placement of supraglottic airway devices (SGDs) is crucial for patient safety and of prime concern of anesthesiologists who want to provide effective and efficient airway management to their patients undergoing surgery or procedures requiring anesthesia care. In the majority of cases, blind insertion of SGDs results in less-than-optimal anatomical and functional positioning of the airway devices. Malpositioning can cause clinical malfunction and result in interference with gas exchange, loss-of-airway, gastric inflation, and aspiration of gastric contents. A close match is needed between the shape and profile of SGDs and the laryngeal inlet. An adequate first seal (with the respiratory tract) and a good fit at the second seal of the distal cuff and the gastrointestinal tract are most desirable. Vision-guided insertion techniques are ideal and should be the way forward. This article recommends the use of third-generation vision-incorporated-video SGDs, which allow for direct visualization of the insertion process, corrective maneuvers, and, when necessary, insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) and/or endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation. A videoscope embedded within the SGD allows a visual check of the glottis opening and position of the epiglottis. This design affords the benefit of confirming and/or correcting a SGD's position in the midline and rotation in the sagittal plane. The first clinically available video laryngeal mask airways (VLMAs) and multiple prototypes are being tested and used in anesthesia. Existing VLMAs are still not perfect, and further improvements are recommended. Additional modifications in multicamera technology, to obtain a panoramic view of the SGD sitting correctly in the hypopharynx and to prove that correct sizes have been used, are in the process of production. Ultimately, any device inserted orally-SGD, ETT, NGT, temperature probe, transesophageal scope, neural integrity monitor (NIM) tubes-could benefit from correct vision-guided positioning. VLMAs also allow for automatic recording, which can be documented in clinical records of patients, and could be valuable during teaching and research, with potential value in case of legal defence (with an airway incident). If difficulties occur with the airway, documentation in the patient's file may help future anesthesiologists to better understand the real-time problems. Both manufacturers and designers of SGDs may learn from optimally positioned SGDs to improve the design of these airway devices.

Innovative Approach to Convert Geographic Information System-Based Highway Models into Multidimensional Building Information Modeling Platforms Using Dynamo

This study proposes an innovative process of transforming a geographic information system (GIS)-based highway model into a robust building information modeling (BIM) platform using Dynamo visual programming tool. The existing GIS system used by the Indiana Department of Transportation for highway network representation has significant limitations of data storage and handling capacity, representation of complex entities, and inclusion of crucial traffic data from weigh-in-motion and automatic traffic recorder stations. The developed process involves converting poly-curves from the GIS model into model-curves compatible with BIM, classifying attributes into shape families, and integrating traffic data from traffic recorder stations. The resulting multidimensional BIM platform, extending from three to eight dimensions, encompasses essential project details and traffic data. To ensure interoperability, an Open BIM process involving the generation of an industry foundation classes (IFC) file is utilized, allowing efficient data exchange among different software platforms and stakeholders.