Automatic Packaging Research Articles

Dynamic Control of Cardboard-Blank Picking by Using Reinforcement Learning

Abstract Standard packaging lines with high output rates often struggle when dealing with uncertainties in the conditions of the handled materials. This paper focuses on a piece of machinery in an automatic packaging line, namely, an automated apparatus that extracts cardboard blanks from a buffer and transfers them to the next section through suction cups. In this context, the success of the operation depends on various controllable parameters, disturbances, and time-dependent variables, whose mutual relationships are not easily identifiable and whose understanding has so far been entrusted to the experiential knowledge of human operators. Currently, drops in picking success rates require the machine to be stopped and operators to intervene on-site, making use of their expertise to identify the issue and recalibrate the machine. To address the problem, this paper presents an artificial-intelligence-enabled controller, capable of continuously and autonomously recalibrating the apparatus and compensating for disturbances, in order to avoid missed or incorrectly picked cardboard blanks. In particular, this work exploits experimental data to build a model of the system, on which a reinforcement-learning algorithm is trained. The controller is tasked with regulating the controllable parameters while monitoring process variables. The developed agent is tested on the real apparatus to assess its performance.

To Integrate and Optimize the Use of Programmable Logic Controller in Development of Horizontal Flow Wrap Packaging Machinery for Industry Needs

This paper focuses on the use of PLC and HMI in the automation industry for a highly effective and versatile horizontal flow wrap plastic film packaging solution. The machine's functioning and efficiency are thoroughly evaluated through extensive testing and validation procedures across multiple criteria. The main aim of this paper is to do the automatic plastic film packaging of any product with packaging dimensions of 4cm X 5cm. For the process automation the FX5U 32MT PLC of Mitsubishi is used for controlling and automating the system using ladder logic. The result shows that the developed system provides fully automatic wrap packaging of products and able to do automatic packaging of 24 packets in one minute. Additionally, the results show the increased efficiency of product rate in less time for automatic packaging system. Finally, it has been observed that the system is very beneficial for the automatic packaging process using PLC and the process can be monitored and visualized on a display screen using HMI. Future advancements are required in the system to meet industry4.0 needs. By incorporating some smart technologies, deeper integration with Industry 4.0 principles could boost capabilities in data analytics, connectivity, and remote monitoring for predictive maintenance.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ МОДЕЛИ РАСЧЕТА ВРЕМЕНИ ВЫПУСКА ДОРАБОТОК ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕЛИЗНЫМ ЦИКЛОМ

The paper proposes a mathematical model for calculating the release time of a new software release. This model allows you to evaluate the difference between the operation of a production system during the release cycle and after it. The relevance of the proposed methodology determines the need for its application to the problem of assessing the effectiveness of an information complex and an automated release process cycle. The object of the study is the information department of the bank, ensuring automation – the process of estimating the release time of software improvements. The goal of the work is to build a model for calculating the release time of software improvements after the implementation of a release cycle management system, ensuring regular, fast and stable implementation of new software versions. To achieve this goal, within the framework of the work, an architectural solution for a system that automates the release cycle process was designed; a new process of personnel interaction was modeled after the implementation of the release cycle system; a pipeline for automatic delivery of software to an industrial environment and a process for automatic packaging of software into containers have been developed; a mathematical model was built to calculate the release time of software improvements after the release cycle management system. To solve these problems, we used the Gitlab CI/CD class system, which provides the ability to automatically assemble containers and deploy them into environments, and the Deckhouse system for container orchestration.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengemas Biji Kopi Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Uno

Before coffee products are marketed, packaging is generally carried out first. Apart from protecting against damage, the packaging also aims to make it easier to carry while traveling. The conventional packaging process is quite time and energy consuming. This results in the packaging process being less efficient. With an automatic packaging system, it is hoped that it will make things easier and save time and energy. Automatic coffee bean packaging tools are built using several electronic devices. Arduino Uno is used as a controller, a load cell sensor to weigh the coffee packaging, a DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the packaging sealer and a proximity sensor to detect plastic packaging. In the actuator section, a servo motor is used to open the coffee bean reservoir valve (hopper tank), a DC motor is used to pull the packaging plastic and a stepper motor is used to press the packaging plastic. The plastic press is equipped with a heating mechanism using nickel wire so that the two layers of plastic can stick together. An LCD module is used to display information on the weight value of the coffee packaging, the temperature value of the sealer and the status of the packaging process. From the test results, it is known that the coffee bean packaging tool is capable of packaging coffee beans automatically. Coffee beans can be packaged in plastic with the weight and length of the packaging according to the design with a success rate of up to 87.5%

Rancang Bangun Pengemasan Produk Kacang Goreng Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler

The working system of this Automatic Fried Bean Product Packaging tool uses Arduino Mega2560 as a microcontroller, then a screw on the funnel to accelerate the descent of the product into the packaging plastic and prevent blockages, infrared sensors to detect product availability in storage containers. The tool made uses volume measurements to minimize error on the scales using a load cell sensors. The type of research used in making the final assignment is action research which is carried out carefully, logically and systematically. The conclusions of this research are (1) The system can detect the supply of fried peanuts in the funnel/silo using infrared FC-51 sensor with a distance range of 1 – 8 cm. (2) The system can read the mass input selected by user, namely 75 g, 100 g, and 150 g with a push button and displayed through the LCD. (3) The system can fill the fried peanuts into packages according to the mass that has been set through the KY-008 laser sensor and laser receiver, using the tube volume formula with a percentage error of 4.5% for a mass of 75 grams, 3.83% for a mass of 100 grams, and 5.41% for a mass of 150 grams. (4) The system can perform the package closing process using servo motors, heating elements, and stepper motors. The duration of time required by the heating element in gluing the plastic ranges from 3 to 4 seconds.

Application of a Digital Twin Model in the Packaging Process of the Panel Furniture Industry

Abstract The packaging process in panel furniture manufacturing enterprises is the final process in production. However, there exists a lack of effective interaction and integration between the manufacturing processes and the information system. This challenge becomes more significant in the context of intelligent manufacturing. To address this, we propose a generalized digital twin workshop model for the packaging process in panel furniture manufacturing enterprises. Using this model, we establish a digital twin workshop for Company W’s packaging process, which improves interaction and integration with the information system. By analyzing the data from the workshop service system and the workshop twin data, we identify inefficiencies in the automatic packaging line and propose an optimization scheme using the digital twin workshop model. Through simulation in the virtual workshop and actual verification, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the production efficiency of the automatic packaging line by approximately 20 percent and reduces the need for 5 to 6 packaging workers. Our study presents a new solution for upgrading the information system in the packaging process of panel furniture, contributing to the development and optimization of the furniture industry in the era of intelligent manufacturing.

An automatic dried shrimp peeling system

This study focuses on designing an automatic dried shrimp peeling system. The system has two operating modes: manual and automatic. The process is from feeding dried shrimp into the beating cage, peeling the shrimp and floor to remove broken shrimp shells from shrimp meat, and peeling dried shrimp shells to form a complete system. Construction system with automatic packaging and vacuum function. The solution is to use the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to communicate with the inverter to control the 3-phase motor to run at many speed levels to suit the peeling of different types of shrimp and the output of the system is dried shrimp packaged and vacuum sealed. The HMI control and monitoring unit will be applied to set parameters on the number of dried shrimps in each batch and the type of shrimp that needs to be evaluated and quantified in the package.

Deep Learning-Based Oyster Packaging System

With the deepening understanding of the nutritional value of oysters by consumers, oysters as high-quality seafood are gradually entering the market. Raw edible oyster production lines mainly rely on manual sorting and packaging, which hinders the improvement of oyster packaging efficiency and quality, and it is easy to cause secondary oyster pollution and cross-contamination, which results in the waste of oysters. To enhance the production efficiency, technical level, and hygiene safety of the raw aquatic products production line, this study proposes and constructs a deep learning-based oyster packaging system. The system achieves intelligence and automation of the oyster packaging production line by integrating the deep learning algorithm, machine vision technology, and mechanical arm control technology. The oyster visual perception model is established by deep learning object detection techniques to realize fast and real-time detection of oysters. Using a simple online real-time tracking (SORT) algorithm, the grasping position of the oyster can be predicted, which enables dynamic grasping. Utilizing mechanical arm control technology, an automatic oyster packaging production line was designed and constructed to realize the automated grasping and packaging of raw edible oysters, which improves the efficiency and quality of oyster packaging. System tests showed that the absolute error in oyster pose estimation was less than 7 mm, which allowed the mechanical claw to consistently grasp and transport oysters. The static grasping and packing of a single oyster took about 7.8 s, and the success rate of grasping was 94.44%. The success rate of grasping under different transportation speeds was above 68%.

Development of a PLC Based Automation Cell for Industry

In recent years there is a considerable growth and development of automation mainly in industrial sectors. This technological revolution is quickly reducing the need of humans to operate machines. To reduce cost and increase the production rate every industry tries to invent new technology. Bringing automation in the industrial sector is one of them. Automation in the industrial sector reduces human effort, makes the system smooth and also increases productivity. For this tendency every industry wants to design an automatic production process with minimal amount of cost (MAC). The main purpose of this paper is to give an idea about automatic shrink packaging of the final product and sorting technique which reduces the overall packaging and sorting time and also increases productivity. In this project a PLC based low-cost automation cell will be developed for industry. This automation cell combines two different types of work in one frame. One is shrinking packaging of final products and another one is sorting which is done by measuring the size of the product. The purpose of combining two different types of work in frame is to reduce the overall production time. Pneumatic system introduced here for sorting purpose. This pneumatic system works faster than an electric pusher which finally reduces the sorting time. This pneumatic system is also safe from fire hazard where there is a high chance of fire hazard in electric pusher. Sorting is done here by using a double acting cylinder acting as a pneumatic pusher and this cylinder is controlled by a 5/2 Solenoid valve. Here Sorting is done after finishing the packaging of the final product. To perform different tasks in one frame it will be helpful for industry because both labor cost and time will be reduced as well as increased the production rate of industry. By using the PLC whose model name is Siemens S7-200 and using the Micro-WIN software for making the ladder diagram, the entire system will be controlled. The experimental findings demonstrate that the system has high sorting accuracy, is reliable, and satisfies the design specifications.

New Scheme of Microlens Fiber Array for High Coupling Efficiency in Si-Photonics Module

A new scheme of microlens 4-fiber array (M4FA) for high-coupling efficiency in Si-photonics module employing automatic packaging a silicon V-groove array and microlens fibers is demonstrated. The silicon V-groove array was fabricated by KOH wet etching. The microlens fibers were precisely controlled by automatic grinding and calibrated spin-on-glass (SOG) liquid electrostatic coating to achieve the required minor radius of curvature of 1.3- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for achieving high coupling efficiency. In comparison with other microlens fabrication by mechanical grinding and multiple fusing techniques, the proposed M4FAs enable to adjust the fiber offset, radius of curvature, and alignment tolerance by SOG coating after fiber grinded, resulting in high-average coupling efficiency of 60% from Si-photonics module to M4FA. The newly developed M4FA by automatic grinding and calibrated SOG coating is beneficial for the applications of Si-photonics modules use in many low-cost and high-performance light-wave interconnections.

Bioinspired Soft Wrist Based on Multicable Jamming With Hybrid Motion and Stiffness Control for Dexterous Manipulation

Dexterous manipulation is important for modern logistics automation. Industrial robots remain inferior to human labor in this area, especially in handling unknown objects in unstructured scenarios. It is observed that the human wrist contributes significantly to the dexterous manipulation capability by agilely changing the hand orientation to approach the target object and adjusting wrist stiffness to adapt to dynamic interaction. Inspired by the human wrist, we propose a novel soft wrist to achieve hybrid motion/stiffness control in a compact and lightweight structure. The dexterous motion and stiffness adjustment are simultaneously enabled by a novel multicable jamming mechanism, which is achieved by a precalibration of the relationship between stiffness with robot length and bending angle to adapt to both compliant and forceful tasks. Dedicated experiments were performed to validate its motion dexterity and variable stiffness property. A soft grasping system was developed to demonstrate the manipulation capability of the soft wrist by tasking it with automatic packaging, which is challenging for robots. Overall, the proposed soft wrist demonstrates a promising solution to enhance robotic manipulation capability to a human comparable level.

Design of an automated plastic bag packaging machine

Thin plastic bags are common in Vietnam's sweets and food stores. Currently, due to the need to preserve dried goods, the majority of these items will be stored in fully sealed plastic bags. In order to improve package efficiency, design, and eliminate packaging errors, a completely automatic packaging machine is required to assure safety and cleanliness, enhance performance, and enhance the aesthetics of packaging designs. The study provided an approach for designing a prototype of plastic bag product packaging. Use the SolidWorks to design, analyse, and select materials based on machine concept. Then, an electrical and pneumatic system was constructed, followed by the fabrication and testing of a prototype to demonstrate the validity of the model.

Analysis of packaging defect on goat milk caramel candy in Etawa Agroprima

Goat's milk has the same benefits as cow's milk. Goat's milk contains many nutrients, especially complete protein from all kinds of essential amino acids. Etawa Agroprima is a company engaged in the processing and marketing dairy products. One of the products produced is goat's milk caramel candy. These candies are packaged using candy wrappers and diamond paper, which is covered with paper again, then put into PE plastic, sealed using a sealer, and put in a cardboard box. This packaging is intended to maintain the quality of the candy because the candy is easily runny if left open so that the caramel candy is not easily damaged. Writing this final project aims to determine the types of defects that occur in caramel candy products, the number of defective products for the entire product, and the causes of product defects—analysis of product types and defects using Pareto diagram analysis, while the cause using fishbone diagram analysis. Analysis of the data obtained on Etawa Agroprima using the two diagrams shows that the results of the Pareto diagram analysis show three types of defects, including torn packaging 75.56%, damaged packaging 13.33%, and no expiration label 11.11%. Then from the fishbone diagram analysis, it can be seen that the main factor causing defects in goat's milk caramel candy products is the packaging factor. Some root causes include manual production and packaging work, not using modern packaging equipment, contamination by physical contact, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to use automatic packaging tools.

Topology Optimization of Package Sealer Jaw Chassis of Automatic Packaging Machine

After the Covid-19 epidemic, the need to reach hygienic and sealed packaged food products has gained importance and the packaging machinery sector has become an important sector. In this context, the need for special packaging machines has increased. The jaw mechanism of the packaging machine developed within the scope of the study performs the package closing function by opening and closing 200 times per minute, and the jaw chassis carrying the jaw mechanism is exposed to the same series of movements. The design of the jaw chassis should be as light as possible so that no additional load is placed on the motors that provide the movement, while its strength should be high since it carries the entire load from the jaw plates to the motors. To solve this problem, a structural optimization solution called topology optimization, which regulates the distribution of the elements in the design volume within the framework of the determined constraints, is used. With the performed topology optimization study, it has been determined that the new solid model, which continues to provide sufficient strength when exposed to 5000 N force, provides 11% weight gain. This work has been a pioneer for new research to obtain lightweight designs.

Design of an Automatic Packaging Machine for Syringes

Design of an Automatic Packaging Machine for Syringes

Thyroid dose assessments due to inhalation of 131I for nuclear medicine workers.

In general, medical staff who work in nuclear medicine should be entirely safe in their professional environment. Nevertheless, we already know that the working environment of the nuclear medicine staff is not completely safe due to the handling of high amounts of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapy applications, which is especially relevant for 131I (as a non-sealed source). The goal of this study was to assess the inhaled 131I thyroid dose in nuclear medicine workers and to introduce a simple method for internal exposure monitoring. Using 2-IN*2-in NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer and its supporting software (InSpector Maintenance Utility and Genie 2000), from 2019 to 2021, internal thyroid irradiation monitoring, an internal thyroid irradiation monitoring investi A NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer and its sugation was carried out for 3 consecutive years, between 2019 and 2021, in staff members of nuclear medicine departments engaged with iodine therapy. 131I activity was found highest in the thyroid of nuclear medicine workers involved with the manual packaging and delivery of the radioisotope, while it was not detected in staff members involved with the automatic packaging and drug delivery. The activity range was found to be 30.00 ± 6.60-6070.00 ± 1335.40 Bq for the exposed personnel, and the estimated dose was 0.05-6.77 mSv. In 2021, three workers had an annual equivalent dose above 5 mSv. By monitoring the thyroid 131I in staff members of the nuclear medicine department, it was found that there are 131I internal occupational exposure risks. The best solution is automatic packaging and drug delivery.

Design and implementation of automatic packing machine system based on PLC

In the commodity industry, the commodity packaging machinery products are rich in variety, the shape, nature, packaging requirements of the commodity are very different, and the output is large. In view of the urgent needs of domestic commodity enterprises for all kinds of automatic packaging machines, we design a commodity packaging machine control system to solve the problem. The software system of an automatic packing machine based on PLC is designed in order to improve the automation of the equipment and improve its production efficiency. PLC software control system has greatly improved the production capacity of the equipment, and can ensure the stability of the equipment. In terms of human-computer interaction, it adopts a more intuitive touch screen technology, which makes human-computer interaction more convenient and intuitive, so that workers can better understand the operation of the equipment. The equipment designed by this software system has good stability, convenient and intuitive operating platform, which improves the working performance and efficiency of the packaging machine.

Analysis of the Reduction of Ergonomic Risks through the Implementation of an Automatic Tape Packaging Machine.

Many industrial sectors still lack automation resources to optimize their production processes, aiming to make manufacturing leaner and offer better working conditions to operators. Without these improvements, workers can suffer physical and even psychological damage from the ergonomic risks of the activities performed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present the ergonomic evaluation of packaging tapes workstation before and after the implementation of an automatic packaging machine, called Guzzetti. In the Guzzetti context, the paper shows the implementation of an electrical system based on controlling a mechanical device powered by servomotors and controlled by a PLC is necessary. For ergonomic evaluation, the paper presents the application of three methods: Suzanne Rodger, Strain Index, called Moore and Garg and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). With the results collection, was possible to obtain improvements in ergonomic risks that changed from the intermediate level to low level in all methods.

Повышение надежности и ресурса силовых станций автоматических линий

For technological operation of pressing, punching, riveting, bending, etc. mechanisms are used to transform the movement of the executive link, which provides the required force impact on the processed materials. The paper discusses the original mechanism of the power station of the automatic packaging line ALB 165. The analysis of the power stroke lever of the power station showed an insufficient margin of safety, which was the reason for the mechanism failure. Based on the calculations performed, options for modernizing the design of the lever were proposed, which made it possible to reduce the maximum stresses and displacements in the part by 30 and 32 %, respectively.

APPLICATION OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE IN THE PACKAGING PRODUCTION

To solve the problem of predictive maintenance for packaging manufacturing, we propose a hybrid model that optimizes the maintenance plan. The model is based on monitoring the state of many components of a multi-position automatic packaging machine and makes it possible to predict their future malfunctions and estimate the remaining service life of the equipment. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated with the help of a real industrial multi-position machine for the automatic production of film bags and packaging of paste in them. The methodology is based on the analysis of diagnostic information using an expert system.