Automatic Lighting System Research Articles

Solar Lights for Highways with Zone-Wise Speed Control System for Vehicle

The challenge of providing adequate lighting along highways, particularly at critical points such as sharp turns and speed breakers, poses significant safety concerns. Traditional energy sources often fail to meet the demands of continuous lighting, especially in remote areas. To tackle this challenge, we present an automatic lighting system aimed at selectively activating lights during nighttime while also reducing vehicle speed near or at danger zones. Entire system is designed as automatic, human involvement is not required; lights are controlled automatically by sensing the vehicles. Whenever the vehicle enters into the danger zone, lights will be energized and they remain in ON state until the vehicle leaves that area. The system will be activated automatically during dark. In this method precious energy acquired from the solar panel can be saved. During the day time the battery will be charged and this stored energy is utilized in the nights[10]. It is a novel approach to vehicle navigation and safety implementation, and also aimed at automatically sensing the areas/zones like Schools, Hospital Accident, etc and automatically reducing the speed of the vehicle for safety purposes.

Bridging the Gap in Elderly Care in Old Age Homes: An Automated Lighting and Handrail Solution

An old age home offers a place to live for the elderlyand those in need who have either been abandoned by their families or require nursing care. They encounter numerous issues in old age homes because of inadequate funding, a lack of infrastructure, mental illness, a lack of emotional engagement between the elderly, a lack of societal support, etc. However, lacking adequate infrastructure amenities might result in numerous illnesses and accidents. Consequently, their independence and standard of living at home are limited. Building an automatic lighting system with handrails as part of our firstyear course "Design Thinking For Social Innovation", allowed us to construct a modest prototype for a proper and simple lighting system to address this issue. We used the user-centered Design Thinking process to design this project, starting with accurate data collection and ending with developing a creative solution. This prototype has railings connected to infrared sensors, and numerous nearby ultrasonic sensors that can identify people and turn on the lights for any specified time when they are detected. The findings of this study show that the stakeholders' input on the solution was generally positive, and they even suggested several significant changes. Although this concept was not really implemented, it would be beneficial if it were in the future with more adjustments. Keywords—Accidents; Design thinking; Handrails; Infrastructure; Lighting system; Old age home.

Photocell Sensor Implementation as an Automatic Lighting System for Public Street Lighting

Photocell Sensor Implementation as an Automatic Lighting System for Public Street Lighting

Saving energy by maximising daylight and minimising the impact on occupants: An automatic lighting system approach

Electric lighting energy expenses has gained importance in the last decades representing a large part of the global energy expense worldwide. The increase of the proportion of glazed building facades is an incomplete solution raising other problems regarding thermal and visual comfort, while rebound effects in terms of lighting usage lowered the energetic benefits of LED technology. Another strategy to address the issue of energy is the well-known strategy of the re-introduction of task lights. The current study presents a system arbitrating the contribution of daylight with general and task electric lighting from the prediction of key performance indicators (work plane illuminance and daylight glare probability) by a machine learning model. It aims at reducing energy consumption while minimizing the impact on occupants’ comfort and productivity. This system was validated by the mean of a controlled user experiment with 60 participants. Altogether, our data revealed that RADIANCE simulations model accurately predicts on-site monitoring (R2=.96) and that the machine learning model accurately predicts RADIANCE simulations for both work plane illuminance (R2=.99) and daylight glare probability (R2=.99) allowing to operate the automated system. Data from the user experiment shows that our system successfully saves 35 Wh on average compared to manual operation of the room by users, by making prior use of daylight and task lighting. This represents more than halving the energy demand. Importantly, the automation impacted neither users’ comfort or task performance. System acceptance constructs such as system reliability or trust in the system were found to be linked with an attribution of the locus of control to powerful others. This result suggests that the key towards high user acceptance might lie in purposefully addressing this dimension. Altogether, the presented results support the potential for energy saving through the development of user-centred lighting automation.

AUTOMATIC MANAGEMENT OF LIGHTING IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SECURITY SYSTEMS

This article discusses the topic of "Automatic lighting control of objects", which is widely used in modern times and is developing rapidly. Issues such as lighting of roads and facilities in the dark, control of lighting in vehicles are one of the most pressing issues in our daily lives as well as security and control system design schemes. This area also includes schemes for the construction of smart homes. For example, in homes, offices, etc., depending on the amount of light falling. This includes the opening and closing of curtains and blinds, and the activation of irrigation systems at sunset for healthy plant growth. This area also includes the construction of roadside traffic signs. In addition, we can create security systems for aircraft and other flight facilities by installing certain systems on high-rise buildings and towers using automatic lighting systems. In general, one of the most pressing issues in the world is the automatic control of lighting systems, the use of lighting systems in control and security systems, and the use of lighting systems in similar areas. For example, in a few years of automotive technology, cars will have a full-fledged autopilot function, which will be more effective in terms of safety. In this regard, there are ready-made options offered by brands such as Quantoom, Premier, Giordon, which are called advanced systems that free the driver from the need to manually adjust the car's headlights. We can cite the advantages of these systems as economy and sustainability. Modern automation systems are not only fashionable, but also have economic advantages: • in the automatic mode the schedule is strictly observed, as the influence of the human factor is excluded; • no need to go to check or turn off the lighting; • If the lighting is not turned off, there is no power loss, as the dispatcher is immediately notified and takes appropriate action • there is no need to go out and read the meters visually to perform technical energy measurements; • telemetry allows you to immediately detect unauthorized connections to lighting networks and detect theft of electricity; • With the help of telemetric measurements of voltages, currents and powers, it is possible to carry out initial diagnostics of the lighting network in case of any accident. It is known that the application of automated control of outdoor lighting allows you to monitor the condition of telecommunications networks and street lighting devices, control lighting modes, remo¬te¬ly control street lighting according to a predetermined schedule, as well as keep records of lighting. A more reliable system built from modern components requires less maintenance costs. The article also examines the circuits built in this area, the photoresistor element used as the main element in these circuits, its working principle, the physical structure of the photoresistor, operating logic, advantages and disadvantages. Also, the economic and safety advantages of automatic control of lighting systems were studied. Keywords: arduino, security systems, automatic lighting, photo resistor, smart dimmers, led lighting strips, availability detectors, web interfaces.

Otomasi Penerangan Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Uno

Along with the advance of development, the need for electrical energy is increasing. Hence, all of that can be seen from the many uses of electronic devicesoand other mechanical devices in each building. As a result, every building requires an adequate supply of electricityoto beeableoto meet the needspof lighting or its mechanicalpproduction, therefore we should assist the state in using electrical energy wisely, namely by usinggit when it isineeded and notousing itowhen it is not needed, such as using room lighting when it is needed. This is small thing that is often underestimated by the community but haspa huge impact on wasting Electrical Energy, based on these problems, we created an automatic lighting system withothe aimpof beingoable tophelp use when needed, this tool was made using Arduino Uno as an automation center, and sensors PIR (Passive Infra Red) as a detector of the presence of room users, so that when a room user iskdetected by a PIR (Passive Infra Red) sensor, the lights in the room will turn on automatically and after five minutes ifothe sensorldoes notjdetect the presence of theiuser, room lights willoturn off automatically, so we hope this tool can help the community in energy saving efforts.

Pengaruh Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap Nyala Lampu dengan Menggunakan Sensor Cahaya Light Dependent Resistor

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the intensity of light hitting the LDR to the resistance and the flame of the light. The research created an automatic lighting system, in which the lighting system was designed to turn on or off lights by light intensity. This research created automatic light controls using LDR light sensor. The LDR light sensor set is used as a switch that turns on or off a light automatically based on the recieved of intensity of light. By using the LDR components, it can design a series of light sensors for such items as outdoor light sensors, sleeping lights, garden lights, road lights that turn on at night and go out during the day automatically. The equipment used of the research were 2 test lamps, and done with 2 lighting sources, a natural source of lighting and an artificial source of lighting. From the research, it showed that the large light intensity affects the light flame by using LDR light sensor. It could be concluded that the greater of the light hitting intensity from the LDR surface was smaller than the value of the resistance and the flickering of the light. In contrast, the less light that affects the LDR, was the greater value of LDR resistance and lighter the light.

Design and Implementation of an LED Automatic Lighting System for Plant Factories

This paper proposed a light-emitting diode (LED) automatic lighting system for plant factories. This system can achieve the simultaneous effects of automatic dimming and seven-segment mixing; the light intensity and color can therefore be adjusted according to the properties of the plants to increase crop harvest. The operation method comprises detection of the light source through a photosensitive diode CdS, and sending the analog value obtained from the light intensity to the single chip dsPIC30F4011 for analog-to-digital conversion. This single chip stores the digital value in the internal pulse width modulation (PWM) register and outputs it to the dimming circuit to achieve the effect of automatic dimming. In addition, the operator can also connect to the system using smartphone Bluetooth and an ATmega328 single chip and manually select the color of the light source through the human-machine interface. The ATmega328 chip receives the operating signal and transfers it to the dsPIC30F4011, which automatically changes the PWM output channel to achieve seven-segment light mixing.

Automatic Light System on basis of Surrounding

Automatic Light System on basis of Surrounding

BEHAVIORAL VERIFICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS SYSTEMS BY PETRI NETS

The rapid development, implementation in all spheres of human activity and the growing responsibility of the functions of the Internet of things systems tighten and complicate the requirements for the reliability of their design decisions at the development stages and operability during the implementation of implementations. Well-known methods of verification of projects and implementations are based on the means of systemic, structural, functional, design and technological analysis and synthesis of Internet of things systems. However, their capabilities do not underestimate the feasibility of developing formalized models and verification methods. This study presents the elements of technology and the steps of the behavioral verification methodology of functional level projects for Internet of things systems represented using Petri nets. General verification is represented by three stages - the analysis of the correctness of the general structural and functional properties, the actual verification of inter-level and inter-component interactions, behavioral online and offline testing in the class of functional type errors. In the proposed analysis, the basic entities and relationships of the Internet of things systems are determined and verified architectural level, defining the structure, components, functions, interfaces, asynchronous-event interactions and represent elements of Petri nets - their positions, transitions, arcs, functions, markup. Online and offline testing for dynamic verification of the behavior of the Internet of things systems is carried out on the basis of, respectively, the background or special formation of many process threads in the Petri net, activated during its modeling and covering the Petri net objects. This paper presents general estimates of resource and time costs for the design of Internet of things systems without verification and with verification, showing their reduction in the event of design errors, redesign and application of verification. Verification is illustrated by the example of Petri nets simulating an automatic lighting system.

Design of an automatic solar lighting system

Today, the worldwide research trends are heading towards producing environmental friendly outcomes. Thus, today the electricity is mostly generated from renewable sources such as sunlight, wind, tides and other to reduce dependency on non-renewable sources like hydroelectrics, fossil fuels and others. This paper presents an innovation of the automatic lighting system with the solar as a source of the system. Charger controller circuit is necessary to cut off the current of the rechargeable battery when reaching its maximum voltage. Dark-on relay circuit functions as an automatic switch to the light so that the light will be automatically turned on when there is no light or at night. Otherwise, the light will be turned off. The system can be applied to the room light, outdoor light, corridor light, spotlight or streetlight. The system is low cost and beneficial for home usage to save electricity bills and when the occupants are absent for relatively long period of time.

Neural Estimator Automatic Fluorescent Daylight Control System

The daylight control system represents an electric light system used in office or design laboratory applications. The system tries to maintains constant the illuminance level on the working plane even the daylight contribution is variable. From other point of view the daylight control system is the lighting system that compensates the daylight variation in a room (office, design laboratory). The importance of this type of lighting system is that it satisfies the following requirements: user visual comfort and electrical energy savings. Considering these requirements the lighting system has to be implemented such an automatic control system with negative feedback. The behavior of the automatic lighting system will depend mainly on the controller behavior. In the present paper, a feed-forward artificial neural network (FANN) was chosen to control the lighting process using the Control by Estimation Iterative Algorithm. Due to the control strategy for a stable behavior of the automatic lighting control system without or with acceptable overshoot (regarding the control system step response) the learning rate of the FANN needs to have very small values and in a short range. To remove this shortcoming in present paper is proposed a modified learning error which allows the learning rate to have a wider range of values for which the automatic lighting control system has a good behavior. Also, is proposed a new way that the user can modify the speed reaction of the automatic control system regarding the daylight changes.

Research on New Energy Automatic Lighting Control System Based on the CAN-Bus

With the continuousdevelopment of modern new energy technologies, Hyundai automation andincreasingly high degree of intelligence, automotive lighting control system isto ensure safe driving is an important part, in order to ensure the safety andconvenience of road lighting, reducing the driver's labor strength, appeared ona variety of new automotive lighting control system, commonly used in daytimerunning auto-dimming, automatic lighting system, the beam adjustment system,delay control. Applications CAN bus can not only simplify the wiring harness toachieve vehicle information sharing, reduce system cost, but also greatlyreduce the failure rate of vehicle lights, and extend lamp life.

Research on Application of Intelligent Solar System in Stadium

With the development of national fitness activities, stadiums with all kinds of standards are established across the country. The functions of illumination and refrigeration inside stadiums have applied electricity. In order to save the consumption of energy, keep the sustainable development of society, as well as reinforce the consciousness of environmental protection, the thesis designs a set of novel light guided automatic lighting system of solar energy. The system realizes indoor illumination with controlling system. In the daytime, the system uses optical materials with automatic following lighting for indoor illumination, while uses stored energy of storage battery provided by daytime solar panel for LED illumination. The solar cell also provides energy for daytime automatic following lighting device. This device can take full advantage of solar energy to deal with the problem of energy waste, as well as proposes a new idea for energy conservation and emission reduction for stadiums.

Measures for Building Lighting Performance in Malaysian Historical Buildings: A Systematic Review

Developing countries, including Malaysia, focus on sustainable development. Development in our country should consider all the elements of sustainability in order to support the government effort as stated in the Ninth Malaysian Plan. Over the past five years, there has been a move away from constructing new buildings to refurbishing older ones. This is the meta-data analysis to review and evaluates the approach to the refurbishment of lighting and analyzes the existing energy efficiency policy and measures, for future improvement in energy efficiency in this type of building. This paper aims to assess the characteristics of electricity use and to identify specific information for potential energy conservation in lighting. The main sources of this literature review are journal articles, and internet searches. The study found that lighting building performance is measured by daylighting, lighting simulation and automatic lighting systems. Occupant satisfaction is another measure to determine the lighting performance in the building. This study adds to knowledge from the perspective of lighting performance. It offers new and valuable insights to enable Malaysia to achieve optimum energy efficiency, with financial savings as well as reducing the environmental impact.

Automatic Lighting System Using Multiple Robotic Lamps

An automatic lighting system using 3-DOF robotic lamps and a laser scanner is proposed in this paper. The 3-DOF robotic lamp, which is designed with a spherical parallel mechanism with a unique forward kinematic solution, has a tilting motion to track a person and zoom-in and zoom-out motions to control the light intensity. In order to minimize the dynamic load, three actuators are installed at the base frame, and a counterbalancing design is considered. The positions of people are detected by a laser scanner, and the Kalman filter and a data association algorithm are applied in order to track the positions of people accurately. Therefore, multiple robotic lamps can track and illuminate each person continuously. We demonstrate experimentally that three robotic lamps mounted on the ceiling illuminate three people independently and control the intensity of the light according to the distance between a person and the robotic lamp.

Detecting Direction of Movement Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors

Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are widely used as a simple but powerful people presence triggers, e.g., automatic lighting systems. In particular, by alternating the effective polarization of the sensing elements in a PIR sensor, it is possible to determine the relative direction of the movement of an object moving on the motion plane of the PIR sensor. In this paper, we present a novel method of detecting a relative direction of human movement (in eight directions uniformly distributed) with two pairs of PIR sensors whose sensing elements are orthogonally aligned. We have developed a data collection unit with four dual sensing element PIR sensors with modified lenses, and collected data set from six subjects walking in eight directions each. Based on the collected PIR signals, we have performed classification analysis with well known machine learning algorithms, including instance-based learning and support vector machine. Our findings show that with the raw data set captured from two orthogonally aligned PIR sensors with modified lenses, we were able to achieve more than 98% correct detection of direction of movement. We also found that with the reduced feature set composed of three peak values for each PIR sensor, we could achieve 89%-95% recognition accuracy according to machine learning algorithms.

Tracking Motion Direction and Distance With Pyroelectric IR Sensors

Passive IR (PIR) sensors are excellent devices for wireless sensor networks (WSN), being low-cost, low-power, and presenting a small form factor. PIR sensors are widely used as a simple, but reliable, presence trigger for alarms, and automatic lighting systems. However, the output of a PIR sensor depends on several aspects beyond simple people presence, as, e.g., distance of the body from the sensor, direction of movement, and presence of multiple people. In this paper, we present a feature extraction and sensor fusion technique that exploits a set of wireless nodes equipped with PIR sensors to track people moving in a hallway. Our approach has reduced computational and memory requirements, thus it is well suited for digital systems with limited resources, such as those available in sensor nodes. Using the proposed techniques, we were able to achieve 100% correct detection of direction of movement and 83.49%-95.35% correct detection of distance intervals.

AN IMPROVED MERCURY VOLUMETER1

This paper discusses several mechanical improvements on the Goodner mercury volumeter, which include a counter-balance for the burette, an automatic light system, and a plunging device. The construction, operation, and advantages of the plunging device are discussed. The advantages of the mechanism are (1) no string or string marks, (2) cleaner mercury, (3) no bulky weight to be deftly handled, (4) less handling of briquets, and (5) more ease and speed in operation.