Design Of Automatic Control System Research Articles

Application and optimisation of intelligent control system for home robots

Abstract. As a significant part of the smart home, intelligent home robots can provide a variety of convenient home services such as automatic cleaning, elderly care, entertainment interaction, etc., which are highly valued and favoured by the majority of home users, and the market scale is expanding. However, the design and optimization of the control system represents a crucial technical challenge to truly realize the intelligence and autonomy of home robots. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and optimization of automatic control systems for intelligent home robots, which aims to improve the performance and user experience of intelligent home robots and better meet the needs of families. Through collection and analysis of the research on domestic robots and their control technology ,the core technical elements of the control system are summarized and refined, and the hardware structure and software framework of the control system are analyzed. The research results provide valuable insights for improving the performance and capabilities of home robot control systems to better meet the diverse needs and expectations of home users. These innovations provide a solid foundation for advancing the development of intelligent robots in the home. Future trends in control systems may include enhanced perceptual capabilities and decision-making intelligence to enable robots to better understand and meet the needs of home users.

A Neural-Metaheuristic Kalman Filter for Moving Microburst Wind Shear Identification

Microburst wind shears (MB) are powerful localized three dimensional (3D) columns of wind that occur when cooled air drops from the base of thunderstorms at high speeds. They eventually hit the ground and spread out in all directions. As such MBs are considered a major atmospheric hazard for aircrafts (ACs), especially in terminal flight phases. Though pilots train regularly to survive it, yet the most recommended practice within the aviation community is to avoid its encounter upon detection. Some modern aircrafts have predictive wind shear warning systems, but they have limited short range capability and do not provide quantitative data for engineering application. In this sense, accurate onboard detection and identification of MBs and its characteristics is of importance for flight safety, whose success can lead to design of automatic flight control systems (FCSs) that reduce the risk of aircraft crash landings and accidents. Even though there are some studies on FCS designs for MB encounter, research on MB identification is rare but ongoing. To this aim, the present study is among the firsts that focuses on online identification of multiple and moving MB parameters using onboard aircraft air data and inertial sensors. The identification task is initially performed using the aircraft six degrees of freedom (6DoF) equations of motion (EOM) integrated with a 3D MB model via the utility of nonlinear Kalman filtering (KF) algorithms. Subsequently, an enhanced neural metaheuristic Kalman filter (NMKF) is proposed that improves the estimation accuracy of the MB model parameters. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed NMKF in comparison with previous studies.

Design of Automatic Flood Control System in Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The construction of Yogyakarta International Airport has resulted in land use changes and increased the topography in the area by up to 9 m, which has led to potential flooding. A spatial analysis was conducted on the flow direction after the airport's construction, specifically in the West Carik watershed. It was discovered that the flow direction was uncertain and trapped upstream of the airport. A polder system with automation is proposed as a solution to the drainage problem. An automation system is designed for pump operation with the objective of improving efficiency. The system is expected to reduce the volume of water in the polder by reducing human involvement and providing ease in monitoring. The results of hydrological analysis with a 50-year return period flood resulted in a design flood discharge of 11.73 m3/s. The polder has a storage capacity of 63,312 m3, a depth of 4 m, and a surface area of 1.58 ha. It requires a total pump capacity of 8.4 m3/s, consisting of three pump units, with one unit having a capacity of 1.8 m3/s and two units with 3.3 m3/s. One additional pump with a capacity of 3.3 m3/s is also planned as a backup pump. The pump automation system simulation employs an Arduino UNO as the controller, water level sensor, and relay. This system successfully fulfills the desired operational system for the pump. In the actual implementation, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is required as the controller, with water level sensors, relays, and contactors as inputs and outputs.

Design of Automatic Gluing Control System Based on BECKHOFF Controller

Design of Automatic Gluing Control System Based on BECKHOFF Controller

CONSTRUCTION OF A SET OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS SYSTEMSAND STABILITY IN THE VICINITY OF A PROGRAM MANIFOLD

The problem of constructing a entire set of differential equation systems for a given program manifold is addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions have been compiled to ensure that the program manifold is integral to the systems being developed. These conditions form a rectangular linear algebraic system in relation to the required functions. Using the property of a rectangular matrix, the set of differential equation systems was constructed. Additionally, the problem of designing indirect automatic control systems with rigid feedback is explored. Since the given program is not always executed perfectly due to initial or ongoing disturbances, it is reasonable to require stability of the program manifold with respect to a certain function. This leads to the analysis of the stability of the system of equations in relation to the given program manifold. Through the construction of Lyapunov functions for the system in canonical form, sufficient conditions for the absolute stability of the program manifold are derived. These results can be applied to the design of stable automatic indirect control systems.

СПОСІБ ОЦІНКИ ЙМОВІРНІСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СИГНАЛІВ В УМОВАХ НЕЛІНІЙНОСТІ ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНОГО КАНАЛУ ПЕРЕТВОРЮВАЧІВ ОБЕРТАЛЬНОГО МОМЕНТУ

The paper proposes a method for calculating the probabilistic characteristics of signals for a wide class of nonlinear torque transducers. The presented approach is based on modeling the process of processing the input signal, taking into account the multiplicative error of the transducer. A methodology has been developed for estimating the probability density function and numerical characteristics of the output signal of a nonlinear torque transducer for different distribution laws of the input signal and types of nonlinear transformation functions. To achieve this goal, the following steps were performed: algorithms and computer programs were developed for numerical simulation and calculation of the characteristics of signals at the output of a nonlinear transducer for given input parameters, a series of computational experiments were conducted for different combinations of distribution laws of input signals and nonlinear transformation functions, the influence of different distribution laws of the input signal on the probability density function and numerical characteristics of the output signal was investigated, the influence of different types of nonlinear transformation functions on the probability density function and numerical characteristics of the output signal was studied, the obtained results were analyzed, and recommendations were formulated for the choice of the nonlinear transformation function and the distribution law of the input signal to achieve the desired characteristics of the output signal of the torque transducer. The paper discusses the features of the proposed algorithm, as well as the simulation results for a number of examples of transducers with different nonlinear characteristics and parameters of multiplicative disturbance. An analysis of the accuracy of the obtained estimates of probabilistic characteristics is carried out. The developed algorithm allows estimating the probabilistic characteristics of the output signals of nonlinear torque transducers at the design stage, which contributes to improving the quality of the development of control systems. This method can be useful for engineers and scientists involved in the design and analysis of automatic control systems with nonlinear elements.

Design of traffic signal automatic control system based on deep reinforcement learning

Design of traffic signal automatic control system based on deep reinforcement learning

Design of fibre optic cable communication automatic control system based on embedded technology

Design of fibre optic cable communication automatic control system based on embedded technology

Design of traffic signal automatic control system based on deep reinforcement learning

Design of traffic signal automatic control system based on deep reinforcement learning

Design and self-diagnostics of cyberphysical control devices on SOC platform

The subject of research in this article is models, methods, and procedures for designing and self-diagnosing automated models of logic control devices implemented in SoCs. The object of work is the procedures for automated design and diagnosis of digital devices on the SoC technology platform. The aim of the study is to develop models and procedures for designing and self-testing in the cycle of automated design of automatic logic control systems on the SoC technology platform, which will significantly increase the reliability of their operation. The article solves the following tasks: consideration of the procedures for interacting the processor core with programmable logic as part of the SoC; improvement of the procedures for designing and testing software and hardware systems based on SoC; further development of procedures for automated design, verification, and diagnosis of cyber-physical logic control systems using programming languages and hardware description languages; implementation of the procedure for hardware self-testing of control automata on the SoC technology platform. The following methods are implemented: synthesis of control automata based on graph models, implementation of control automata models in the C programming language using an automata template, diagnostic experiment by traversing the automata transition graph. Results achieved. Based on the analysis of the procedures for the interaction of the processor core and programmable logic on the selected SoC platform, a model of a cyber-physical logic control system was designed. The practical implementation was carried out on the basis of the Vivado/Vitis/Vitis HLS CAD toolkit. The method of hardware self-testing of control automata on the technological platform of SoC ZYNQ-7000 was implemented. Conclusions. The article analyzes the principles of designing embedded cyber-physical systems implemented in system-on-chip. The principles of building verification systems and embedded self-diagnostics of system-on-chip systems containing software and hardware are considered. The developed methods are tested on a model of a traffic light logic control device on the SoC FPGA platform of the ZYNQ-7000 family by Xilinx. The Moore's control automaton is implemented in the PL block in the C programming language, and the operational automaton is implemented in the PS block. During the organization of the self-diagnosis process, a non-destructive diagnostic experiment was performed by traversing all arcs of the transition graph, starting from the initial vertex. In this case, the tester was an operational automaton, the reference logic and time values of which were stored in the memory of the PS unit. Visual observation of the diagnostic experiment was carried out using the LED panel of the ZedBoard board.

The Design of Automatic Soil pH Control System on Aloe vera Cultivation with an Integration of Internet of Things (IoT)

Machine learning and internet of thing (IoT) would be the best option for monitoring the appropriate soil pH condition. This research aimed on the design an automatic soil pH control system based on IoT for monitoring the cultivation of Aloe vera plants. The Telegram application was occupied as an IoT platform and was connected to a free and easy access application, Node MCU 8266. Furthermore, relay, Arduino Uno and smartphone were occupied in the system. According to the system testing, soil pH sensor readings are close to the actual value as evidenced by the linear regression value or R2 on sensors 1 and 2 which are close to 1. Meanwhile, the total percentage of system performance testing was 93% while the error value for the pH sensors were 0.96 and 1.6% for sensor 1 and sensor 2, respectively. Furthermore, the plant observations showed that the average leaf length of plants with a control system was 24.78 cm while with the manual system was 23.11 cm. From the results of the T test obtained, it was found that the control system applied to Aloe vera cultivation had a significant effect on the growth and development of Aloe vera compared to Aloe vera plants with a manual system. Keywords: Aloe vera, Control system, Internet of things (IoT), Soil pH sensor

Retraction Note: Design of electric automatic control system for water gate based on discrete wavelet transform

Retraction Note: Design of electric automatic control system for water gate based on discrete wavelet transform

Design and Experiment of Lightweight Dual-Mode Automatic Variable-Rate Fertilization Device and Control System

China’s agricultural facilities are developing rapidly and are mainly operated through household contracting. Due to a lack of suitable variable-rate fertilization devices, manual and blind fertilization still widely exists, resulting in fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, existing fertilization devices cannot simultaneously meet the needs of different fertilization methods for crop cultivation, increasing the cost of mechanized fertilization. This study developed a lightweight dual-mode automatic variable-rate fertilization device and control system for strip fertilization and spreading fertilization. The least squares method was used to analyze the amount of fertilizer discharged per second at different volumes and rotational speeds of the fertilization device. The quadratic polynomial model fits well, with determination coefficients greater than 0.99. The automatic variable strip fertilization and spreading fertilization control models were established. Experiments with strip fertilization and spreading fertilization were carried out. The results of strip fertilization experiments show that the maximum relative error (Re) for granular nitrogen fertilizer (NF) was 6.81%, compound fertilizer (CF) was 6.2%, organic compound fertilizer (OCF) was 6.83%, and the maximum coefficient of variation (Cv) of uniformity was 8.91%. The results of spreading fertilization experiments show that the maximum Re of granular NF was 7.31%, granular CF was 6.76%, granular OCF was 7.43%, the Cv of lateral uniformity was 9.88%, and the Cv of total uniformity was 14.17%. The developed fertilization device and control system can meet the needs of different fertilization amounts, types, and methods for facility crop cultivation at different stages. This study’s results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for designing and optimizing multifunctional precision variable-rate fertilization devices and control systems.

Design of information and measurement systems within the Industry 4.0 paradigm

The subject of the study is the process of Information and Measuring System (IMS) designing as a component of the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the paradigm of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The aim of the study is to develop methodological support for the design of IMS and Automatic Control Systems (ACS) as components of production CPS (CPPS), in particular, for Digital Factory. Objectives: to determine the conceptual model of IMS; choose the IoT model for structural synthesis, select the appropriate regulatory (sets of standards and implementation models) and hardware; perform R&D of IMS based on NB-IoT sensors; formalize the procedure for integrating components into the CPPS, develop the Asset Administration Shell. The methods used are: heuristic synthesis methods, experimental planning theory. The following results were obtained. The key role of optimally designed IMS level 4.0 in increased decision-making accuracy in CPPS management and control processes is demonstrated. The quality of control is improved both by quickly obtaining accurate information for updating models in cyber add-ons, and at the physical level, in ACS. The universal model of IMS implementation in CPPS was proposed. The stages of choosing the concept, structure, hardware and communication protocols of the IIoT ecosystem IMS + ACS have been performed. The methodology was tested during the development of the NB-IoT Tech remote monitoring system, which has a decentralized structure for collection data on resources consumed. The integration of the ecosystem as a component of CPPS at the appropriate levels of the architectural model RAMI 4.0 has been performed. Regulatory support has been formed and the functional aspect of the Asset Administrative Shell for CPPS integration has been developed. Conclusions. Scientific novelty: it is proposed to design the IMS as a component of the AAS of the cyber-physical system, according to the implementation methodology of its subsystems at the corresponding levels of RAMI4.0 and the selected IoT model. The new approach, called "soft digitalization", combines the approaches of Industry 3.0 and 4.0, it is designed for the sustainable development of automated systems to the level of cyber-physical systems and is relevant for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine. Practical significance of the results: the IoT-Tech system based on Smart sensors has been developed and tested. This information and measurement system is non-volatile and adapted to measure any parameters in automated systems of various levels of digitization.

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitor and Control System

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitoring and Controlling System was pursued to create an automatic irrigation controlling device for efficient water use and turning pumping motor ‘On’ or ‘OFF’ by sensing the moisture percentage in the field surface throgh moisture sensor. Objective was to reduce the involvement of man power for field irrigation monitoring purposes and reduce water requirement. This method can insure the proper use of water without wastage and save water for future. With the konwledge of moisture value in soil, we can estimate how much and when to irrigate crops. When the moisture content level on the output of the sensor or soil becomes less than 30% (desired value), then sensor generated an alarm and turns the motor on automatically. Displayed as ‘motor On’in the LCD display and soil level was shown as ‘dry soil’. Per hour machine data was received and shown in data table. A digital LCD Thermometer hygrometer Humidity Temperature sensor was also used to detect the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere with moisture content level was shown. Different field tests with crop and without crop were done. Total design cost was 4790 taka. Wet soil was tested with oven dry method to get accurate moisture level of the soil. Almost similar moisture percentage with moisture sensor was found. Temperature and relative humidity was also observed with weather station and found similar with sensor reading. Overall designed control and monitoring system was found satisfactory with minor errors.

Development of Conventional Refrigeration Control System Learning Media, Automatically Cooling and Defrost System

Development of Learning Media aims to design a Conventional Automatic Refrigeration Control System Design for Refrigeration and Defrosting Systems so that it can assist the learning process in Class XI Refrigeration Engineering. This research is a type of R&D level 3. This study used a questionnaire as an instrument to collect data from content experts, media experts, and students. The results of the material expert trial obtained a percentage value of 93.33%, with very decent qualifications, the media expert trial results obtained a percentage of 97.64%, with very decent qualifications, the small group trial results obtained a percentage value of 90.25% , with very decent qualifications, the results of the large group trial data obtained a percentage of 90.04%, qualifications Based on the research results, the media is feasible and good to be used as a learning medium in the subject of Refrigeration Systems and Installation in class XI TP majoring in Electrical Engineering, package refrigeration and air conditioning engineering expertise at SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar

Analysis of the use of automatic control systems for the destruction of weeds in the conditions of organic cultivation of vegetable and row crops

Puprose. To analyze the state of development of MTU automatic control systems in the world and Ukraine and determine the rational direction for the development of new systems. Reducing the cost of manual labor for the destruction of weeds when growing environmentally friendly vegetable and row crops. Reduction of protective zones during the destruction of weeds in row-spacings and rows of vegetable and tilled crops. Methods. Monographic, analytical, abstract-logical, structural modeling, design and manufacture of alternative MTU automatic control systems for the implementation of effective methods of weed control in the organic farming system. Results. The analysis of technological solutions was carried out using specialized technical means equipped with automated control systems of the MTU. A technical and economic analysis of the use of technical means for the automated control of the MTU was carried out. The structural and functional scheme of the system for automatically bringing the working bodies of the row cultivator to the row of cultivated plants is substantiated. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that for automatic driving of the MTU in aggregation with agricultural technical means, it is most relevant to use GNSS tools, which are a satellite navigation system created for the purpose of positioning (determining the location in space – that is, coordinates) of objects. The automatic control system developed at the IMA AIP NAAS will allow to increase the productivity and quality of weeding operations by mechanical cultivators when working with minimal protective zones (2–3 cm) or weeding in a row of agricultural crops (corn, sunflower, tomato seedlings, garlic) with polyurethane finger-star discs. Keywords: automatic control system, control system, artificial intelligence, video vision camera, technical means, machine and tractor units, weed control, organic cultivation.

Design of automatic water level control system using fuzzy logic

ABSTRACTWith less rainwater that is absorbed into the ground, and the obstruction of water flow causes flooding. The floodgates on river dams are still using manual systems by utilizing human operators, in this case sometimes mistakes occur in decision making. The solution to this problem is to create an automatic sluice system, so that when the condition of the water discharge at the intake is excessive or insufficient, the sluice can open and close pursuant to the required automation of water flow. Measurement of water discharge using a water flow sensor, the results of the sensor readings will be forwarded to the actuator as a door actuator. In this study, the design of the floodgate control system on the dam was carried out through the fuzzy logic technique. The water level and flow sensor data are processed by fuzzy logic technique to control the opening of the floodgates and the condition of the weir. The benefit of this system is easy to monitor and control the floodgates on the weir, with proper control and supervision it will make the water flow evenly distributed, as well as provide early warning information to anticipate when river water overflows and has the potential to flood.

PID-Based Design of Automatic Control System for a Travel Speed of the 4UM-120D Electric Leafy Vegetable Harvester

The study developed a PID-based automatic control system for travel speed based on the analysis of the entire machine structure of the 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester to enhance the operation quality of the harvester and lessen the workload of operators. Taking the system adjustment time during the process of starting and maintaining the travel speed of the harvester within ±2% of the set value as the main evaluation index, the Box–Behnken test method was applied based on the single-factor test, and the proportional coefficient Kp, the integral coefficient Ki and the initial value U of the travel motor drive voltage of the PID control algorithm were used as the test factors, and the PID-based 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester travel speed automatic control system operating parameters based on PID was studied in a three-factor, three-level experiment, and a multiple regression model of evaluation indexes on each factor was established to analyze the influence of each factor on system rapidity and to obtain the optimal operating parameters. The test findings demonstrated that the beginning value of the driving voltage of the travel motor U, the integration factor Ki, and the proportionality factor Kp had the largest to smallest influences on the system regulation time. When the initial value of the driving voltage of the travel motor was 1.81 V, the integration factor was 0.020, the proportionality factor was 0.127, the system regulation time was 2.14 s, and the relative error was 1.8% compared with the optimized value. The results of the study could provide a way to improve the operation quality of leafy vegetable harvesters and reduce the work intensity of operators.

Design and Research of Automatic Wind Control System

Design and Research of Automatic Wind Control System