Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Performance Research Articles

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

An analysis of the performance of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data received from the Grand Forks, North Dakota International Airport was carried out in this study. The purpose was to understand the vulnerabilities of the universal access transceiver (UAT) ADS-B system and recognize the effects on present and future air traffic control (ATC) operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated all the general aviation aircraft to be equipped with ADS-B. The aircraft flying within United States and below the transition altitude (18,000 feet) are more likely to install a UAT ADS-B. At present, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and autonomous air traffic control (ATC) towers are being integrated into the aviation industry and UAT ADS-B is a basic sensor for both class 1 and class 2 detect-and-avoid (DAA) systems. As a fundamental component of future surveillance systems, the anomalies and vulnerabilities of the ADS-B system need to be identified to enable a fully-utilized airspace with enhanced situational awareness. The data received was archived in GDL-90 format, which was parsed into readable data. The anomaly detection of ADS-B messages was based on the FAA ADS-B performance assessment report. The data investigation revealed ADS-B message suffered from different anomalies including dropout, missing payload, data jump, low confidence data, and altitude discrepancy. Among those studied, the most severe was dropout and 32.49% of messages suffered from this anomaly. Dropout is an incident where ADS-B failed to update within a specified rate. Considering the potential danger being imposed, an in-depth analysis was carried out to characterize message dropout. Three flight parameters were selected to investigate their effect on dropout. Statistical analysis was carried out and the Friedman Statistical Test identified that altitude affected dropout more than any other flight parameter.

System specifications for developing an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) monitoring system

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system placed in aircraft that periodically transmits state vector estimates and other information to air traffic control centers and other nearby aircraft (and may also receive traffic and weather information from various entities). The state vector estimates are derived from navigation avionics and are transmitted via a common communications channel, which means that ADS-B is highly dependent on aircraft navigation and communication systems. ADS-B also requires ground stations to receive information from aircraft. As a result of this complex architecture, the ADS-B system is prone to various failure modes.A systematic and comprehensive performance monitoring system is required to ensure the safe use of ADS-B data for air traffic control operations. It is vital that such monitoring systems are in place before a global ADS-B implementation date is mandated by the International Civil Aviation Organization. A number of air navigation service providers and regulators have developed ADS-B performance monitoring methods without a standardized guideline for system specifications. These include Airservices Australia, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, EUROCONTROL, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and the Civil Aviation Department of Hong Kong.This paper presents a holistic set of system specifications for ADS-B monitoring systems. In particular, the paper analyzes the ADS-B infrastructure, conducts a systematic review of existing ADS-B monitoring systems, classifies the system characteristics to identify gaps, and derives a set of specifications for developing ADS-B monitoring systems. The paper also assesses the compliance of existing ADS-B monitoring systems against the proposed specifications using a mapping exercise. The system specifications serve as a foundation or minimum requirements for air navigation service providers and original equipment manufacturers to develop systematic and comprehensive ADS-B monitoring systems.

정보융합 기법을 활용한 ADS-B 성능 개선

In this paper, we proposed an information fusion method for enhancement of automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B) system which is one of the next generation navigation system. Although ADS-B provides better performance than traditional radar, ADS-B still has error due to dependence of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) information. In this paper, we improved the ADS-B performance using information fusion of multilateration (MLAT) and wide area multilateration (WAM). Information fusion provides accurate data compared to original data. Mostly, information fusion methods use Kalman filter or IMM(interacting multiple model) filter as a subfilter. However, we used Robust IMM filter as a subfilter to improve the aircraft tracking performance. Also, we use actual ADS-B data not virtual data to increase reliability of our information fusion method.

Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Communication Infrastructure for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is one of the fundamental surveillance technologies to improve the safety, capacity, and efficiency of the national airspace system. ADS-B shares its frequency band with current radar systems that use the same 1,090 MHz band. The coexistence of radar systems and ADS-B systems is a key issue to detect and resolve conflicts in the next generation air transportation system (NextGen). This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of ADS-B with existing radar systems and performance optimization of ADS-B systems to improve the safety and efficiency of conflict detection and resolution in NextGen. We have developed a simulation environment which models the complex interplay among the air traffic load, the radar systems, the ADS-B systems, and the wireless channel. A simple model is used to derive an analytical expression for a performance metric of ADS-B. This model is then used to design an adaptive ADS-B protocol for maximizing the information coverage while guaranteeing reliable and timely communication in air traffic surveillance networks. Simulation results show that the effect of ADS-B interference on the current radar system is negligible. The operational ability of ADS-B meets the performance requirements of conflict detection and resolution in air traffic control. However, upgrades are required in the current radar system for operation within an ADS-B environment since the current radars can significantly degrade the ADS-B performance. Numerical results indicate that the proposed adaptive protocol has the potential to improve the performance of conflict detection and resolution in air traffic control.