Automatic Control Research Articles

Electromyographic analysis of upper limb muscles for automatic wheelchair propulsion control

Electromyographic analysis of upper limb muscles for automatic wheelchair propulsion control

Afpdb - an efficient structure manipulation package for AI protein design.

The advent of AlphaFold and other protein Artificial Intelligence (AI) models has transformed protein design, necessitating efficient handling of large-scale data and complex workflows. Using existing programming packages that predate recent AI advancements often leads to inefficiencies in human coding and slow code execution. To address this gap, we developed the Afpdb package. Afpdb, built on AlphaFold's NumPy architecture, offers a high-performance core. It uses RFDiffusion's contig syntax to streamline residue and atom selection, making coding simpler and more readable. Integrating PyMOL's visualization capabilities, Afpdb allows automatic visual quality control. With over 180 methods commonly used in protein AI design, which are otherwise hard to find, Afpdb enhances productivity in structural biology by supporting the development of concise, high-performance code. Code and documentation are available on GitHub (https://github.com/data2code/afpdb) and PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/afpdb). An interactive tutorial is accessible through Google Colab. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Advanced Sliding Mode Design for Optimal Automatic Generation Control in Multi-Area Multi-Source Power System Considering HVDC Link

The multi-area multi-source power system (MAMSPS), which uses a variety of power sources including gas, hydro, thermal, and renewable energy, has recently been implemented to balance the growing demand for electricity and the overall capacity for power generation. In this paper, an integral sliding mode control with a single-phase technique (ISMCSP) is applied to two areas, with each area including gas–wind–thermal power systems with HVDC system. Firstly, a two-area gas–wind–thermal power system with HVDC (TAGWTPSH) is the first model in this scheme to consider the parameter uncertainties of a MAMSPS. Secondly, sliding mode design law with a single-phase technique is introduced to alleviate chattering and oscillation problems. Then, power system stability is ensured by the Lyapunov control theory based on the new LMIs technique. Thirdly, the ISMCSP’s effectiveness in a MAMSPS is also assessed under random load patterns and parameter variations regarding settling time and over-/undershoot. The ISMCSP was created to alter the fundamental sliding mode control, and therefore the suggested approach performs better than recently published approaches. This is demonstrated by the frequency overshoot deviation value in frequency deviations: 0.7 × 10−3 to 2.8 × 10−3 for the TAGWTPSH with the suggested ISMCSP. In the last case, for random changes in load from −0.4 to +0.5 p. u, the proposed ISMCSP method still stabilizes the frequency of the areas meeting the standard requirements for AGC.

THE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PETRI NETS

Context. The important task was solved during this scientific research related to specific development and verification of thefundamental suitability of the software application that provides visualization of the automatic synthesis of Petri nets while setting upthe multi-level control systems. This task is current because the for the first time the integration of means of discrete-continuous networksfrom the DC-Net environment in the Labview environment is realized through the implementation of automatic synthesis ofPetri nets. This makes it possible to automate the processes of synthesis for the control algorithms based on the development of appropriateintelligent systems. Objective. The purpose of the scientific work is to minimize the time and to automatize process in synthesis of the control algorithmsby integrating the means of discrete-continuous networks and implementing the principles of automatic synthesis of Petri nets. Method. This scientific article proposes the principle for automatic formation of Petri nets based on logical algorithm for classifyingvarious uncorrected algorithms. The multilayer neural network in the Labview 2009 software environment was implemented torealize the appropriate algorithm. This artificial neural network provides algorithm formation, automatic synthesis and operation ofPetri nets. The article is devoted to the study of operating principle of the software application implementing such automatic synthesisof Petri nets while setting up the multi-level control systems. Results. A number of experiments were performed on the classification of algorithms and formation of Petri nets based on theready-made software application. The control system was automatically set up based on the Labview 2009 environment applicationfor the determined object. As a result of these experiments we have determined the fundamental suitability of the software application for the synthesis ofsome multi-level automatic control systems. It was also shown during these experiments that all mismatch signals in the system anddeviations from the ratios of values controlled variables are reduced to zero. All parameters of the control systems settings werenoted after the multi-level system setting procedure on the front panel of the virtual stand. Conclusions. The task related to the software application development based on the Labview 2009 environment which providesthe automatic synthesis of Petri nets was solved in this scientific work. Thus the method of automatic synthesis of Petri nets andtechnology for developing certain algorithms based on the functioning of the artificial neural network was further developed.

DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM AND REGISTRATION OF METAL IN CONTINUOUS CASTING

Context. Modern industrial enterprises face challenges that require introduction of latest technologies to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In metallurgy, one of key stages is continuous casting, where quality of products and economic performance of enterprise depend on accuracy and efficiency of process control. Products made using continuous casting technology are widely used in various industries due to their high mechanical properties, structural uniformity and cost-effectiveness. The development of automated metal management and registration system is becoming not only relevant, but also necessary to ensure stable and efficient production. The problem of improving quality of metal products has always been one of most important tasks in steel industry. Imperfect technological processes, human error and equipment malfunctions can lead to defects in finished metal products. This, in turn, affects final characteristics of products, their durability and reliability. To date, available sources have not yet found complete solution to this problem. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate problem and develop algorithm for operation of automated system for controlling and registering metal in continuous casting. Objective. The goal of work is to develop automated metal management and registration system to improve quality of metal products. Method. To achieve this goal, parametric model was proposed, which is formalized on basis of set theory. The model takes into account key parameters of continuous casting process: material characteristics, structural features of crystallizer, casting modes, metal level in crystallizer, and position of shot stopper. Results. The problem was formulated and key parameters were determined, which are taken into account in system’s algorithm, which made it possible to develop system for controlling parameters of continuous casting to solve problem of improving quality of metal products. Conclusions. To improve quality of metal products and stability of casting process, parametric model was created that is comprehensive, allows optimization of key parameters and ensures accuracy of process control by integrating not only modes of product formation, but also takes into account specific properties of source material (chemical composition of material grade, etc.) and design features of casting plant. Algorithm for automated control system has been developed that takes into account relationships between certain key parameters and ensures optimal control of casting process. Based on proposed complex parametric model and algorithm, automated control and metal registration system was created. The focus of work is on quality and efficiency of metal management and registration in continuous casting, based on modern methods of computer science and engineering. A comprehensive experimental comparison of developed system with commercial analogs in real production conditions was carried out, which allowed us to objectively assess its efficiency and reliability.

A study of automatic output power control methods for stand-alone photovoltaic power generation systems

Abstract The conventional power generation system’s output power automatic control structure is generally unidirectional, and the control coverage is small, leading to the increase in the random error obtained in the final test. Therefore, the design and research of this article are proposed. According to the current control demand, the generation system shall be stabilized first, and the power compensation shall be calculated. The multi-step mode shall be adopted to improve the control coverage and design the multi-step automatic control structure. According to this, it is constructed, and the automatic control processing is realized using jump balance. The test results show that compared with the traditional DFIG-DRWT system power output automatic control method and the traditional three-phase asynchronous generation system power output automatic control method, the random error finally obtained by the designed independent photovoltaic power station output power automatic control method is relatively effective. This indicates that the application effect and coverage of the designed power automatic control method are high, that controllability has been significantly improved, and that control flexibility has also been strengthened.

Automatic control algorithm for V2G frequency response mode of electric vehicle charging station

Abstract To solve the problem of excessive fluctuation of the V2G load of the electric vehicle charging pile, this paper proposes an automatic control algorithm for the V2G frequency response mode of the electric vehicle charging pile. The FPGA is used as the core processing unit to collect and process the V2G frequency data of the charging pile; the multiple linear regression model is used to predict the charging and discharging loads, and the automated two-layer control model is established; the sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network to realize the control of the V2G frequency response mode. The experimental results show that the load prediction error of this method is small. After the automatic control, the load fluctuation of the charging pile is small, and the electric vehicle charging pile’s V2G frequency response control effect is better.

Assessing jamming and spoofing impacts on GNSS receivers: Automatic gain control (AGC)

Assessing jamming and spoofing impacts on GNSS receivers: Automatic gain control (AGC)

Equipment control algorithm for cooling plant based on graph theory and path planning

This paper presents a novel path planning-based start-stop control algorithm for equipment in cooling plants designed to address the limitations of traditional serial start-stop control logic. The algorithm employs graph theory and path planning techniques to abstract the cooling plant schematic into a directed graph, enabling the selection of appropriate control paths and facilitating effective start-stop control decisions for the equipment. A key feature is the dynamic updating of the graph after each operation, which enables adaptive control target adjustments and prevents control blocking issues. Validation with real case scenarios demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm in automatic start-stop control, identifying equipment deviations, and handling faulty equipment switching. The algorithm also has the ability to handle some incorrectly turned on equipment, shutting down redundant equipment in the cooling plant system that is not in efficient operation. This algorithm shows the potential as an underlying execution algorithm of an advanced optimization algorithm to accelerate the implementation of advanced optimization algorithms.

Chinese Patent Review of Integrated Management System for Agricultural Machinery

Background: With the rapid development of China's economy and the accelerating process of agricultural mechanization, agricultural machinery has become increasingly popular in agricultural production activities. At the same time, problems in agricultural machinery management have gradually been exposed, hindering the development of modern agriculture. Objective: This study aimed to discuss the development trend of agricultural management and modern agriculture by analyzing and discussing the related patents of agricultural machinery management systems. Methods: The development of agricultural machinery management was summarized, and the representative patents related to agricultural machinery management systems, agricultural machinery automatic control systems, and agricultural machinery terminals were analyzed. Results: By analyzing the existing patents of the agricultural machinery management system, the paper summarized their applications in agricultural management and obtained their future development trend. Conclusion: In agricultural machinery management, we should actively adopt complementary strategies to solve various problems and improve the management level of agricultural machinery. The continuous improvement of the agricultural machinery management system is of great significance to the automation of agricultural production and the modernization of agricultural management in China.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR A SILKWORM INCUBATOR

In this study, the effectiveness of using a mechatronic system in the incubation of silkworm eggs was studied. The incubator consists of an SCD41 sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a TES1-12706 air cooler, an electric heater and a ventilation systembo'lib, harorat, namlik va CO2, which provides automatic control of temperature, humidity and CO2 quantity2. The study showed that when using the new system, the level of egg viability increased by 4.1%, and the yield of cocoons-by 5.8%. However, the overall length of the silk fiber and the continuous length have also been improved. This innovative system can be of great importance for improving product quality and ensuring economic efficiency in the silk industry.

Control System for a Heavy Ion Laser Source at Synchrotron Complex ICCR

The article describes the control system for a laser source of heavy ions. The control system has a hierarchical multilevel architecture, determined by the hierarchical structure of the laser ion source, and is a part of the control systems of the linear heavy ion injector and the entire synchrotron complex. The article describes the basic requirements for the control system and the general principles of its construction, and the circuitry and software solutions selected in accordance with these requirements and principles, such as: organization of data exchange between individual nodes in the automated control system; determination of algorithms for working with individual devices and subsystems of the ion source, and with the ion source as a unified system; selection of types and structural schemes of controllers of individual subsystems. The hierarchical structure of the automated control system and control subsystems for all the main devices of the laser source are also described.

Automatic Noise Monitor and Control in Library

Abstract: This paper introduces imperative to sustain a study-friendly atmosphere in libraries, as noise levels can greatly influence patron satisfaction. In order to reduce noise levels in libraries, this project suggests designing and implementing an autonomous noise monitoring and control system. The device constantly measures ambient noise levels by comparing them to predetermined thresholds using sound sensors and an Arduino. The technology reminds users to keep the environment quiet by sounding alerts and displaying visual cautions when acceptable limits are exceeded. To further reinforce silent norms, automatic audio announcements can be incorporated.

Smart Zone-Based Vehicle Speed Retarding System Utilizing Radio Frequency (RF) in Electronic Vehicles

The proposed system aims in designing an efficient automatic wireless vehicle speed control in low-speed zones using RF communication. The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drivers and advanced control algorithms. The proposed method uses RF transmitter and receiver modules for establishing wireless communication, DC motors for the vehicle movement controller. The status of the project will display on LCD display. The controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller to which RF receiver module, DC motors are interfaced through a motor driver. Whenever the vehicle enters into a low-speed zone, the data from RF transmitter of low-speed zone will be received by the vehicle system. The microcontroller in the vehicle system automatically slows down the speed to the speed limit of that zone. The microcontroller checks the data with the program embedded in it and performs appropriate actions on the electric motors. The microcontroller is programmed using Embedded C language.

Radiating for Two: Quantifying Radiation Exposure to Pregnant Urologists During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Current occupational recommendations limit fetal radiation dose to 1 mSv. With increased gender diversity in urology, understanding radiation exposure during pregnancy is crucial. The purpose of this study was to determine surgeon uterine radiation dose during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and compare effectiveness of several radiation reduction strategies in a cadaver model. Two cadavers were used to simulate the surgeon and patient in a PCNL model. An ion chamber was placed behind the surgeon's anterior uterine wall to measure radiation dose. Three radiation reduction methods were compared: pulsed fluoroscopy (1, 4, 8, 15, 30 pps), low-dose (LD) fluoroscopy, and surgeon shielding (none, 0.35, 0.50, 0.70 mm lead equivalents). The average radiation dose/second was recorded for 20 trials per combination. Assuming 5 minutes of fluoroscopy per PCNL, the number of cases required to exceed the fetal occupational limit was determined. Decreasing pulse frequency from 30 to 1 pps reduced dose by 96% (p<0.001). The LD setting decreased dose by 56% (p<0.001). A 0.35 mm lead apron resulted in a 94% dose reduction (p<0.001), and the 0.50 and 0.70 mm lead aprons further reduced dose by 12% and 47%, respectively. At conventional fluoroscopy settings of automatic exposure control and 30 pps, a surgeon could perform 12 PCNLs using no lead or 189 PCNLs using a 0.35 mm lead apron before reaching the 1 mSv limit. In addition to shielding, employing 1 pps with LD further decreased radiation exposure, allowing over 6000 cases to be performed with <1 mSv uterine radiation exposure. Within the limitations of this cadaver study, these data support that high volume pregnant surgeons employing active radiation reduction techniques such as pulsed, LD fluoroscopy and appropriate shielding can maintain surgical volume with relatively low risk. Fetal dosimeter use with monthly monitoring is still encouraged to confirm safety throughout pregnancy.

Adaptive Free-Form Deformation Parameterization Based on Spring Analogy Method for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

An adaptive Free-Form Deformation parameterization method based on a spring analogy is presented for aerodynamic shape optimization problems. The proposed method effectively incorporates the gradients of the objective and constraint functions, achieving automatic control point adjustment based on variances in design variable components. To evaluate the performance of the adaptive FFD parameterization method, two 2D airfoil optimization design problems are examined. The optimization of the RAE2822 airfoil with 12, 18 and 24 design variables demonstrates superior results for the adaptive method compared to uniform parameterization. The adaptive method requires fewer iterations and achieves lower objective function values. Additionally, the optimization design from NACA0012 to RAE2822 airfoil with 18 design variables shows that the adaptive parameterization method achieves a lower drag coefficient while satisfying the optimization objective. This validates the method’s capability to finely adjust airfoil shapes and capture more optimal design points by exerting stronger control over local shapes. The proposed adaptive FFD parameterization method proves highly effective for optimizing aerodynamic shapes, offering stability and efficiency in the early stages of optimization, even with a limited number of design variables.

Automatic control strategy of electronic and electrical engineering based on FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) have demonstrated significant potential in the field of automation control due to their flexibility, programmability, and high performance. This study designs an FPGA-based automation control strategy for motor control systems, encompassing four core modules: signal acquisition, signal processing, control algorithm, and output drive. The signal acquisition module employs the AD9280 high-speed, high-precision ADC chip to achieve rapid and accurate signal acquisition. The signal processing module utilizes digital filtering and FFT analysis within the FPGA to extract key information such as motor speed. The control algorithm module adopts an adaptive fuzzy control strategy that fine-tunes control rules in real-time to ensure precise control. The output drive module generates PWM signals via the FPGA to drive the motor, guaranteeing efficient and stable operation. Experimental results indicate that the FPGA-based control strategy significantly outperforms traditional methods in terms of response speed and stability, capable of meeting the high-performance requirements of modern industrial motor control systems. This research provides new technical insights and practical references for the field of automation control in electrical and electronic engineering.

Automatic control system for the electric drive of an overhead crane considering elastic connections

Purpose. Investigation of the peculiarities of the automatic control system of an overhead crane electric drive with regard to elastic connections.. Research methods. To achieve this goal, we used the methods of system analysis and modeling with the help of software tools. This made it possible to reflect accurately the processes occurring in the system, as well as to test various operating scenarios and their impact on the overall system efficiency. Results. The study considered the automatic control system of the electric drive and the importance of taking into account elastic connections. The proposed adaptive system uses the RBF neural network. The use of the proposed controller ensures resistance to disturbing influences and allows to level the load oscillations. The adaptability of the system is ensured by changing the parameters (load, speed of movement of mechanisms, stiffness, positioning accuracy, etc.) to meet the operating conditions of the overhead crane. Thanks to this, the system is able to operate efficiently even under variable loads and external influences. Computer modeling of the proposed control system was carried out, which confirmed its effectiveness under various operating conditions. Scientific novelty.This system provides damping of load oscillations and increases the crane positioning accuracy. This is achieved by comparing it with existing control methods according to various criteria. It is proposed to use an algorithm for adapting the parameters of the control system in real time (load, trolley speed, cable length, mechanism stiffness, etc.), which significantly improves (by 5-7% positioning accuracy, by 8-10% stability) the performance of the system. In addition, the study confirmed the ability of the system to adapt to different operating conditions (changed load, variations in travel speed, uneven external disturbances), ensuring the stability and reliability of its operation, which is especially important for ensuring continuous operation of the crane in industrial environments. Practical value. The use of this system can increase the overhead crane productivity by 5-10% compared to traditional control systems. Implementing the system in an industrial environment will significantly improve the efficiency and safety of the crane, as well as reduce maintenance and repair costs. In addition, this system can be used to modernize existing cranes, which will extend their service life and improve their reliability. This opens up new opportunities to improve the efficiency of industrial processes associated with the use of overhead cranes and provides better working conditions for operators.

Application and Effect of Computer-Aided Design in Table Tennis Training

The application of computer technology in the field of sports training is more and more extensive. This paper discusses the application and effect of computer-aided design in table tennis training. More and more automatic control systems which rely on digital model control appear in people’s lives. There is also a lack of introduction of automatic control systems for the training of table tennis players to improve their training efficiency and reaction ability. Therefore, based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, a genetic algorithm is integrated. According to the patting and kicking action of the automatic control system and the camera imaging device, the feature points in the motion process are divided. Based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, feature points are taken as initial values. Through testing, the matrix orthogonality of motion attitude is determined. The influence of computer-aided design on the training effect of table tennis was analyzed. Finally, we will summarize the advantages of computer-aided design in table tennis training and its future development direction.

An Optimization Method for Multi-Robot Automatic Welding Control Based on Particle Swarm Genetic Algorithm

This paper introduces an optimization method for multi-robot automated control welding based on a Particle Swarm Genetic Algorithm (PSGA), aiming to address issues such as high costs, large footprint, and excessive production cycles in multi-robot welding production lines. The method first constructs a multi-axis robotic kinematic model to provide constraint conditions. Then, the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm, which integrates penalty functions into the fitness evaluation, is used to determine the optimal welding path by simulating collective behavior within a group. The GA (genetic algorithm) encodes the position of the welding robot bases into chromosomes to find the optimal layout for coordinated control of multiple robots. The entire process is optimized according to welding standards and requirements. Additionally, a comprehensive production line performance estimation model was used to quantitatively analyze the new scheme. The results show that the optimized production line’s balance rate increased by 10%, the balance loss rate decreased by 10%, the smoothness index increased by 37.8%, the space costs reduced by 44.4%, the equipment demand reduced by 41.1%, the labor demand reduced by 50%, the total costs reduced by 10%, and the average product cycle time was reduced by 5.07 s. Finally, we tested the algorithm in various complex scenarios and compared its performance against mainstream algorithms within the context of this study. The results demonstrated that the optimized production line significantly improved efficiency while maintaining safety standards.