Automatic Car Parking Research Articles

Solving Parking Problems with Micro Controller Smart Car Parking Systems

The aim of this paper is to provide a simple automatic car parking allocation system with basic components like microcontroller that provides solution to the problems in car parking allocation. Parking allocations provided in shopping complexes, malls, multi-store buildings etc usually have persons allocated to supervise manually the traffic and to allocate spaces available for parking, directing vehicles to be parked without any disturbances making the process more complex. A simple parking automation system with IR sensors provided at the parking space to detect the presence of vehicle parked, LED notification board to show specific empty parking slots and a display to direct individuals can avoid trafficking at the gateways of parking slots and helps them to park their vehicles easily. Therefore, the proposed research work designs and implements a prototype system model, which will regulate trafficking in parking garages along with providing information to the drivers about the availability of spaces.

Design & Development of an Automatic Car Parking System in Crowded Places

In this paper, the design & development of an automatic car parking system is designed & developed in crowded places. The smart car parking project aims at providing a confusion free and easy parking. This project helps the drivers of the cars to park their vehicles with minimum wastage of time with accurate information of the availability of the space to park. Thus, we designed a “Smart Parking System Project” to overcome this problem. This project helps the car’s driver to park their car with minimum wastage of time with accurate information of the availability of the space to park. The difference between our project of automated car parking systems is we hope to minimize human interaction as much as possible and make the parking area fitted with sensors that will help us execute a safe and efficient way of parking. Hence, we aim to provide a completely safe and automated experience that is robust and can be implemented in real time and hopefully be implemented as the general norm for parking systems in the future. The work presented here is the mini-project work of the second sem students of electronics & communication engineering department of Dayananda Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore.

Research of intelligent car parking system

The analysis and evaluation of modern automatic car parking systems is carried out. Perspective intelligent systems based on the theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin is considered, which can be used to control the car when parking. The structure of the intelligent car parking system based on the functional diagram of the intelligent system is highlighted. Keywords car, automatic parking system, intelligent system, functional system by P.K. Anokhin, action acceptor

Automatic Car Parking System

As the number of cars are increasing on roads, it becomes difficult to find a parking space. People drive around for half an hour or more to avoid facing this challenge. Automatic car parking is an autonomous car maneuvering system that takes the car from a traffic lane to a parking space. To provide more simplicity into people’s lives, this paper will develop a system that enables car to park itself in parallel way. The system uses ultrasound sensors and Arduino microcontroller to detect the parking place automatically, and then moves the car to park in the accurate position. The system uses a four-wheel drive miniature vehicle to simulate the mechanism of a real car. This system becomes necessary for an inexperienced driver, especially in a narrow parking space without damaging his/her car or other cars nearby. In addition, disabled drivers can benefit from this technology. A prototype parking system that can perform parallel parking maneuvers autonomously has been implemented and tested. It performs as expected.

Automatic Car Parking with Arduino, LDR Sensor

Now days it is very important to save the time, money in terms of travelling and parking too. If any one goes to the shopping, people didn’t know, is there any space to the vehicle parking or not,in such a cases to save the public time, automatic car parking helps. Working principle is depends on the sensors which is already arranged in the parking area and LDR sensor which is at the entrance of car parking. It’s all manage with LDR sensors and Arduino micro controller .the simulated results with proteus software pursued .

A novel adaptive pseudospectral method for the optimal control problem of automatic car parking

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel adaptive pseudospectral (NAP) method for solving the time‐energy optimal control model to minimize the parking time and the energy output of the vehicle. The time‐energy optimal control model is first discretized into a nonlinear programming problem at Gauss collocations by the NAP method. Subsequently, we prove the equivalence between the nonlinear programming problem derived from the NAP method and the time‐energy optimal control model problem. Compared to those of the interior point method and the piecewise gauss pseudospectal method, simulation results show that the NAP method has higher computational efficiency and accuracy in solving the time‐energy optimal control model problem.

WITHDRAWN: PLC established automatic binary car parking system

Abstract The prime objective of this newspaper was to plan and apply a car space arrangement. The suggested co-ordination works on two ways such as ON and OFF. The arrangement established is enough to check the existence of the automobiles stand-up at the chief car space entrance through a proximity sensor. These proximity sensors give their result to the PLC. Because of deficiency of parking places and expert workers, there is a world-wide transferable towards the programmed car parking arrangement to compute exact area vacant for car and fee collection as a car parks charge. This different order offers an upgrading and trustworthiness in the existing car parking arrangement and this arrangement can be applied simply because it is much helpful and reasonable as it works without the interaction of human and reduces the unnecessary investment in protecting them. Index Terms—Proximity sensors, PLC (programmable logic controller), DC motors, Relays, etc.

CORRIGENDUM: FACTORS CAUSING REWORK AND THEIR IMPACT ON PROJECTS' PERFORMANCE IN EGYPT

The article “Factors causing rework and their impact on projects’ performance in Egypt” by Assim Muwafaq Al-Janabi, Mohamed Shawky Abdel-Monem, Karim Mohamed El-Dash, published in the research journal Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(7), 666-689, https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12916 contained following errors: 1. Some confusion related to ($) value against (EGP) appeared at Research method paragraph, page 670. Instead of ($1 = 1.65 EGP) the value should read:($ 1 ≅ 16.5 EGP) 2. A mistake in establishing the correct contract value for the automatic multistorey car parking project appeared at Research method paragraph page 670, Table 2. The value 2.49 billion should read:249 million. Corrected version of the article is available online. The authors regret the errors.

Smart Parking System using IOT

With the development of road infrastructure, there is a significant increase in number of private vehicles which results in traffic congestion, directly effecting the flow of traffic, and life of citizens. Parking becomes a significant problem in the urban areas (Cao & Menendez, 2015). The research paper proposes a smart parking system to solve the current parking problem at affordable cost. Previously automatic car parking system were proposed to reduce the space or size required for parking especially in crowded places with few spaces, such as a multi-story car park providing cars with parking on multiple levels stacked vertically to increase the number of parking spaces (Ibrahim, 2017). The proposed system utilizes the latest advancement in the Information and Communication Technologies and consists of four layers: Application, Middleware, Networking, and sensor layer. It offers environmental friendly, reduces harmful emissions during parking, and is a computerized system pre-programmed without human intervention. The research paper highlights the comparison of traditional parking system with smart parking system using IoT. The paper also proposes a framework for smart parking system.

Simulation of a PLC-based Car parking system

Parking is an integral component of the transport system. It plays a crucial role in the management of traffic and congestion. On-street parking constitutes one major problem that makes traffic situation chaotic in Nigeria cities. Most roads in Nigeria cities are narrow and lack pedestrian lanes. As we all know, vehicles are used extensively for transportation. It is also important to have easy and effective system for maintaining the vehicles cleanliness as well which necessitate this simulation experiment. The simulation experiment involves the use of LADDER SIMULATOR which allows the Programmable Computer to simulate a Programmable Logic Controller such that Ladder Logic PLC programs can be developed in a simple ‘Drag and Drop’ manner. The system entails the use of several proximity sensors and components like Timers (On-Delay), Counters (Count-Up and Count-Down), LEDs to control the process of cars moving in to the car park with the proper arrangement of cars entering the car park and the exit of the cars. The sensors transfer the outputs to the PLC (programmable logic controller). This type of setup is an Advanced Parking System (APS) which acquire information any about available parking spaces, process the information and then present it to drivers by means of variable message signs using LADSIM simulation technique. The problem of car parking space is enormous which made this work relevant due to insufficient parking spaces and lack of skilled security men. There is a worldwide and global shift towards the automatic car parking system to calculate accurate space available for car and for revenue collection as parking fees. Opinion statistical analysis sample test with KMO and Bartlett's validity test conducted among fifty students revealed a strong positive significant (0.759) in support of the use of automated car parking system in Nigeria. The significant of this new scheme is that it provides an improvement and reliability in the present car parking system and this system can be implemented easily because it is very economical, dependable and cheap. Keywords— Sensors, PLC (programmable logic controller), Car parking; LADSIM; Ladder Logic.

Design and implementation of embedded auto car parking system using FPGA for emergency conditions

<span>An automatic car parking system using FPGA based on emergency conditions was proposed to detect the driver’s condition and perform specific tasks such as warn the drivers and automatic parking depends on the behavior of the driver. Long journey driving on highway will lead loss of concentration of driver quickly and also cause the driver doze off. Based on statistics, driver tends to fall asleep more on high-speed, long, boring highway. Most crashes occur between 4.00a.m-6.00a.m and midnight 12.00a.m till 2.00a.m. Besides, heart attack during driving will also harm to other road users. The risk of accident will increase due to these conditions. <br /> In this paper, automatic car parking system using FPGA based on emergency conditions was proposed to detect the driver’s condition and perform specific tasks such as warn the drivers and automatic parking depends on the behavior of the driver. At the same times, this system can avoid all the obstacles and cars on the road from time to time. Input data management unit was designed as control unit for input data sensors of input and output control. Main processing was designed as speed controller and also the steering controller. Speed controller used to control the speed of vehicle while driving on the road by detecting the obstacles. Steering controller was designed to control automatic car parking and also assisted with sensors around the vehicles. Sensors were tested with many materials so that the system can flexible with any conditions. The total of 1083 logic elements and 676 registers being used in this project and up to 1.6GHz as operating frequency. The complete design is able to avoid obstacles surrounding of host vehicles and parked at a safe area automatically after heart attack of driver detected. Then, GSM send GPS coordination to hospital.</span>

Autonomous 4WD Smart Car Parallel Self-Parking System by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Automatic car parking obtains information about available parking space, process it and then place the car at certain position. It is inevitable for the people to update with the growing technology and generally people are facing problems on parking vehicles in parking slot in a city. The Automatic car parking which enables the user to find the nearest parking area and gives availability of parking slots in that respective parking area with the help of LCD display and it mainly focus on reducing the time in finding the parking slots and also it avoids the unnecessary travelling through filled parking slots in a parking area. Thus, it reduces the fuel consumption which in turn reduces carbon footprints in an atmosphere. Sometimes, it is very difficult to find a suitable parking place in parking lot. This research paper has proposed a suitable solution to this problem.

AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING SURF AND RANSAC ALGORITHM

Traffic congestion has become an unavoidable condition in large and growing metropolitan areas across the world creating parking problems. Parking a car is often a tricky task to perform. Several drivers have difficulty in parking theirs car in parallel or in reverse. Some drivers would even avoid to park their vehicles in a parking lot that requires the execution of these maneuvers. This paper proposes an automatic car parking system using SURF and RANSAC algorithm. Here, image color enhancement is carried out by RGB to HSV conversion. The SURF feature is extracted for reference and test and finally the extraction of ROIs is done using colour normalization. The results demonstrate that if absolute sum of difference of ROIs is greater than a predetermined threshold, it would mean that the car is parked in that slot else slot is empty.

ANALISIS KEKUATAN DAN STABILITAS STRUKTUR SISTEM PARKIR OTOMATIS BERBANTUAN SOFTWARE

Abstract: structure analysis software. Resulted of Automatic parking system is a car parking system which moves the vehicle from the parking lot entrance to the parking space automatically with no drivers. Automatic car parking system accepts the load's structure which should be done by the calculation and the structural strength analysis to get a strong and stable structure with expected safety level. structural strength analysis which has been done in this thesis is strong and stable automatic car parking system structure design.The analysis in this thesis is undertaken by using of structure analysis software. Resulted of structural strength analysis which has been done in this thesis is strong and stable automatic car parking system structure design

PLC based Multilevel Automatic Car Parking System

PLC based Multilevel Automatic Car Parking System

Automatic Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System using Matlab

Automatic number plate recognition is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the number plates on vehicles. Existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, or specifically designed systems can be used for the task. This system is very helpful for traffic police to find the details of a car violating the traffic rules. Its applications also includes Automatic toll collection system and car parking systems.(1) In high security areas where parking space is reserved for VIP vehicle owners only, the parking gate will be opened after number recognition. In areas where parking space is allotted to a particular vehicle, wrong vehicle parked can be recognized. ANPR can be used to store the images captured by the cameras and the text from the number plate. Systems use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of day. A powerful flash can also included in cameras, to both illuminate the picture and make the offender aware of his mistake. Due to plate variation from place to place ANPR technology tends to be region specific.

Recent Patents on Automated Transporting Vehicle in Automatic Car Parking System

The application of stereo-garage relieves the problem of short of parking spaces. The automated transporting vehicle applied in automatic car parking system further raises the efficiency and reliability of the system, and from structural considerations, the automated transporting vehicle is divided into two parts: movement mechanism and lifting mechanism. This paper reviews various representative patents related to the automated transporting vehicle, especially focuses on the navigation method of movement mechanism and the type of lifting mechanism. The differences of different methods and different types are compared and analyzed and the characters are concluded. In the end, current and future development of automated transporting vehicle are also discussed. Keywords: Automatic car parking system, automated transporting vehicle, lifting mechanism, movement mechanism, navigation method, stereo-garage.

Number Plate Recognition (ANR) using Crimmins Complementary Hulling Algorithm

The crime of stolen vehicle in the metro city has rise now a days, to track the stolen vehicle the cops required the help of automatic Number Plate recognition (ANR). The use of ANR are not limited to the track stolen car but many more like automatic car parking system, automatic toll collection system etc. but the ANR system has many issues in implementation. Some ANR uses hardware repository to track the number of the vehicle which uses the CCTV camera to capture vehicle image. the extracting the number from the vehicle image. the image has to be noise free. In proposed method I implemented the new approach to remove the noise from vehicle image which is generated by the camera due to low sunlight as a result image will contain salt and paper noise. In proposed method crimmins speckle algorithm is used to remove the salt and paper noise.

Development and Implementation of an Automated Car Parking System

The problems related to shortages in car parking spaces in dense populated cities and areas is addressed, and the categories of automated advanced car parking systems based on their different technologies is presented. The concept of an automatic car parking system is also introduced and demonstrated through the development process of a prototype using a PIC microcontroller. Simulation for the system's circuits is done with the aid of Proteus software. The hardware circuits, which are built on printed circuit boards (PCB) are interfaced with actuators and sensors for automation purposes. The hardware is assembled to automatically open entry gates for cars while there are still some unoccupied parking spaces. The entry gate will not be opened, however as long as the car parking facility is full. Proper messages are displayed on a screen to reflect the status of the car parking facility.

A NOVEL APPROACH OF LIFT CONTROL IN AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC

In the today situation, where parking of four wheeler vehicle is very severe problem in urban region. It is crucial time to avoid the wastage of space in urban areas, as the no of vehicles are increasing day by day. An automatic parking (multilevel) strategy should be developed where parking problems arise intensively, which involves space reduction. In this paper a novel approach for lift control is proposed in fully automatic Level Car Parking System which used to take cars in/out of system & park the cars. Entire system is controlled using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). As speed control is required for multiple speed setting & proper stopping accuracy, the lift will be driven by the VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) for speed control. The pallet position on lift, accurate positioning between lift-level & safety interlocks are sensed from dedicated sensor. EPLAN software for used for electrical panel design purpose whileTWINCAT PLC control is used for auto/manual modes programming & simulated results.