Automatic Service Discovery Research Articles

Efficient Composition Algorithm Strategies on Semantic Web Services Using Nature Inspired Approach

Web services are used all around the world for commercial purposes. It works majorly by Universal Resource Locators, which are stored in the repository UDDI. The different web service has to be composed for creating new business services. It is time dependent for composing more web services, which is massive. A semantically described WSDL description solves automatic composition of web services. Also with ontological models and languages, such as RDF, OWL, and SWRL, the better automatic discovery, selecting, integration, and composition of services have been done. Service requirements, such as connectivity, quality-of-service properties, correctness, and scalability, need to be satisfied. For achieving these, many evolutionary algorithms will be used for improving quality of service parameters. This paper describes many optimizations algorithms which will be used efficiently in optimizing composition techniques in semantic web.

Crane Cloud: A resilient multi-cloud service abstraction layer for resource-constrained settings

Developers and users situated in low-resource settings are faced with unique contextual and infrastructure challenges when accessing and consuming cloud-based services. In low-resource settings, access to cloud services and platforms is usually characterized by low-end computing devices and often unreliable and slow mobile broadband Internet connections. In this paper, we discuss key challenges for developing for and accessing cloud services in resource constrained settings, namely, (1) Frequent Internet partitions and bandwidth constraints, (2) Data jurisdiction restrictions, (3) Vendor lock-in, and (4) Poor quality of service. Inspired by these challenges, we propose a set of important design considerations and properties for a resilient multi-cloud service layer, that includes: (1) Containerization and orchestration of applications, (2) Application placement and replication, (3) Portability and multi-cloud migration, (4) Resilience to network partitions and bandwidth constraints, (5) Automated service discovery and load balancing, (6) Localized image registry, and (7) Support for platform monitoring and management. We present an implementation and validation case study, Crane Cloud, an open source multi-cloud service abstraction layer built on-top of Kubernetes that is designed with inherent support for resilience to network partitions, microservice orchestration (deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications), a localized image registry, support for migration of services between private and public clouds to avoid vendor lock-in issues and platform monitoring. We evaluate the performance and user experience of Crane Cloud by implementing and deploying a computational and bandwidth intensive machine learning system. The results show lower response times of the system on Crane Cloud compared with hosting on other public clouds. The Crane Cloud platform is serving as a cloud-service for students and developers in low-resource settings and also as an education platform for cloud computing.

Dynamic service composition in enterprise cloud bus architecture

Purpose Service composition phenomenon based on non-scenario aspects are become the latest issues in enterprise software applications of the multi-cloud environment due to the phenomenal increase in a number of Web services. The traditional service composition patterns are hard to support the dynamic, flexible and autonomous service composition in the inter-cloud platform. To address this problem, this paper aims to describe a dynamic service composition framework (SCF) that is enriched with various structural and functional aspects of composition patterns in a cloud computing environment. The proposed methodology helps to integrate various heterogeneous cloud services dynamically to acquire an optimal and novel enterprise solution for delivering the service to the end-users automatically. Design/methodology/approach SCF and different composition patterns have been used to compose the services present in the inter-cloud architecture of the multi-agent-based system. Further, the proposed dynamic service composition algorithm is illustrated using a hybrid approach, where service are chosen according to various needs of quality of service parameters. Besides, a priority-based service scheduling algorithm is proposed that facilitates the automation of delivering cloud service optimally. Findings The proposed framework is capable of composing the heterogeneous service and facilitate the structural and functional aspects of service composition process in enterprise cloud-based applications in terms of flexibility, scalability, integrity and dynamicity of the cloud bus. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it helps to minimize the execution cost, processing time and get better success rate in delivering the service as per customer’s need. Originality/value The novelty of the proposed architecture coordinates cloud participants, automate service discovery pattern, reconfigure scheduled services and focus on aggregating a composite services in inter-cloud environments. Besides, the proposed framework supported several non-functional characteristics such as robustness, flexibility, dynamicity, scalability and reliability of the system.

An adaptive and scalable framework for automated service discovery

A large number of redundant Web services, offering similar functionality with different quality of service (QoS), can truly benefit an organization, if offered an adaptive discovery framework. State-of-the-art approaches cannot meet these requirements for enterprise setups that offer a managed infrastructure. This paper proposes a self-healing and self-managed open-source adaptive QoS-aware discovery framework. An optimal global optimization approach is developed as part of the framework. It yields the shortest route to the best service. Simulation results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed framework to run-time QoS changes and service failures. The run-time adaptation of the system during service downtime is analyzed using graphs. These graphs illustrate the change in client QoS constraints against time. The results indicate the least impact on the client during service failure using the proposed framework.

Semantic SPA Framework for situational Student-Project Allocation in Education

Web 3.0 technologies have redefined the way classical problems in education are solved. The classical problems are constrained by interoperability challenges that can be addressed using semantic technologies. Student-project allocation (SPA) is one such classical problem in education, whose solution lies in finding a stable matching between student-project pairs. Although many methods exist to solve the SPA problem, recent developments in higher education, such as globalisation, has triggered interoperability challenge because of diversity in student and expert availability across disciplines, campuses, and universities. The author proposes the semantic SPA framework that addresses the interoperability challenge, by leveraging the existing semantic investments made by the educational institutions. The framework standardises the SPA data elements formally using semantic Web concepts, proposes reference ontology for the situational SPA problem, and adopts a semantic Web service approach, using OWL-S, for development. The OWL-S specification enables the automatic discovery, composition, and invocation of the Web services by educational Institutions or semantic agents on the Web, for situational SPA scenarios.

Feature Selection and Recognition Methods for Discovering Physiological and Bioinformatics RESTful Services

Many physiology and bioinformatics research institutions and websites have opened their own data analysis services and other related Web services. It is therefore very important to be able to quickly and effectively select and extract features from the Web service pages to learn about and use these services. This facilitates the automatic discovery and recognition of Representational State Transfer or RESTful services. However, this task is still challenging. Following the description feature pattern of a RESTful service, the authors proposed a Feature Pattern Search and Replace (FPSR) method. First, they applied a regular expression to perform a matching lookup. Then, a custom string was used to substitute the relevant feature pattern to avoid the segmentation of its feature pattern and the loss of its feature information during the segmentation process. Experimental results showed in the visualization that FPSR obtained a clearer and more obvious boundary with fewer overlaps than the test without using FPSR, thereby enabling a higher accuracy rate. Therefore, FPSR allowed the authors to extract RESTful service page feature information and achieve better classification results.

A dynamic service description for mobile environments

With the increasing processing capability of mobile platforms and advancements in Internet of Things, modern mobile devices have shown a favorable prospect for on-the-go service provisioning. However, there is much to be done to realize this. A detailed, dynamic, and lightweight service description is an important requirement for automatic and efficient discovery, selection, and subsequent provisioning of services over mobile devices. Traditional approaches for service description are usually not directly adaptable to mobile environments owing to the latter’s dynamic and distinct nature. In this paper, we propose a dynamic, lightweight, extensible, and detailed service description especially designed for mobile environments, considering crucial aspects such as isolated data source, collaborator partners, and hardware aspects along with the functional, non-functional, business, and contextual aspects. The description has been partitioned along these lines and various parts of the description are distributed between service registries and the mobile service providers. An up-to-date and light weight description has been achieved by this, without compromising on the overall consistency of the description. A prototype of the proposed system has been implemented with the intent of validating the feasibility of the approach. Further, the proposed approach is suitable for a heterogeneous environment comprising both wired and wireless systems.

Service identification using k-NN machine learning

Web service categorization is a daunting task since it requires semantic descriptions of those services which are not provided to the majority of those websites. The proposal of a Semantic based automated service discovery requires a request from the user that can be analyzed which then provides the user with a list of related webs services based on the request that instigated the search. The problem with these service categorizations listed in the Universal description Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is the way the information is related to one another. The relations follow a syntactic method. Semantic based service descriptions is necessary for accurate web categorization. With the help of machine learning we can also predict the user’s service request automatically based on previous searches and also select the best web service for a particular request that the user has made using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm. By doing this we can distinguish between the various types of user requests, provide services that are suitable for that particular request as well as suggest other services that might potentially suit the needs of the user.

Multi-agent System for Cloud Manufacturing Process Planning

The fundamental concern of building a distributed Cloud manufacturing (CM) platform is how wide variety of manufacturing services (SaaS, PaaS, HaaS, IaaS) can be integrated under a common cloud platform? More technically, this concern is related to the classical data integration problem, i.e. how to universally map information from heterogeneous data sources. Adoption of CM may become possible if collaborative agents can automatically discover a set of suitable CM services, and invoke them in a particular order to achieve a certain manufacturing task. Cloud computing community suggested semantic web services in order to enable automatic discovery, invocation and orchestration of web services. In this paper, we describe a novel multi-agent framework, where agents are configured based on Belief, Desire, and Intention (BDI) formalism. In this proposed framework, agents are capable of autonomously discovering and orchestrating manufacturing services based on their intrinsic and extrinsic awareness of the manufacturing knowledge at its most contemporary state. The internal structure of agents are constructed by Horn-DL rules, arguing such DL-safe rules will be able to extract and analyze manufacturing knowledge bases, built with OWL-DL. This chapter also introduces a novel method of selecting suitable services, from the intrinsic semantic in Horn-DL rule. This integration of Horn-Dl and semantic cloud services is designed based on a logical extension of Horn-DL.

Semantic Representation of Cloud Patterns and Services with Automated Reasoning to Support Cloud Application Portability

During the past years the Cloud Computing offer has exponentially grown, with new Cloud providers, platforms and services being introduced in the IT market. The extreme variety of services, often providing non uniform and incompatible interfaces, makes it hard for customers to decide how to develop, or even worse to migrate, their own application into the Cloud. This situation can only get worse when customers want to exploit services from different providers, because of the portability and interoperability issues that often arise. In this paper we propose a uniform, integrated, machine-readable, semantic representation of cloud services, patterns, appliances and their compositions. Our approach aims at supporting the development of new applications for the Cloud environment, using semantic models and automatic reasoning to enhance potability and interoperability when multiple platforms are involved. In particular, the proposed reasoning procedure allows to: perform automatic discovery of Cloud services and Appliances; map between agnostic and vendor dependent Cloud Patterns and Services; automatically enrich the semantic knowledge base.

A SEMANTIC MODEL FOR WEB SEARCH AND DATA MATCHING USING LDA

An abstract architecture for semantic web services is requisite to present a conceptual model to assist in the principled design and implementation of semantic web service applications. The architectural structure we portray stands on the shoulders of two promising technical conceptions: Web Services and the Semantic Web. Automatic discovery is acknowledged as a key task and semantic description is the foundation for automatic service discovery. We portray a novel approach for automatic discovery of semantic Web services which utilize LDA to match a user request, articulated in service discovery language, with a semantic Web service description. Our approach to semantic based web service discovery entails semantic-based service categorization and semantic enhancement of the service request. We intend a solution for accomplishing functional level service categorization based on an ontology framework. Furthermore, we exploit clustering for precisely categorizing the web services based on service functionality.

New IoT proximity service based heterogeneous RFID readers collision control

Purpose Internet of Things’ (IoT’s) first wave started with tracking services for better inventory management mainly using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Later on, monitoring services became one of the major interests, including sensing technologies, and then more actuation for remote control-type of IoT applications such as smart homes, smart cities and Industry 4.0. In this paper, the authors focus on the RFID technology impairment. They propose to take advantage of the mature IoT technologies that offer native service discovery such as blutooth or LTE D2D ProSe or Wifi Direct. Using the automatic service discovery in the new framework will make heterogeneous readers aware of the presence of other readers and this will be used by the proposed distributed algorithm to better control the multiple RFID reader interference problem. The author clearly considers emerging Industry 4.0 use case, where RFID technology is of major interest for both identification and tracking. To enhance the RFID tag reading performance, collisions in the RFID frequency should be minimized with reader-to-reader coordination protocols. In this paper, the author proposes a simple distributed reader anti-collision protocol named DiSim that makes use of proximity services of IoT network and is compliant with the current RFID standards. The author evaluates the efficiency of the proposal via simulation. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the author proposes a simple distributed reader anti-collision protocol named DiSim that makes use of proximity services of IoT network and is compliant with the current RFID standards. The author evaluates the efficiency of the proposal via simulation to study its behavior in very dense and heterogeneous RFID environments. Specifically, the author explores the coexistence of powerful static readers and small mobile readers, comparing the proposal with a standard ETSI CSMA method. The proposal reduces significantly the number of access attempts, which are resource-expensive for the readers. The results show that the objectives of DiSim are met, producing low reader collision probability and, however, having lower average readings per reader per time. Findings DiSim is evaluated with the ETSI standard LBT protocol for multi-reader environments in several environments with varied levels of reader and tag densities, having both static powerful RFID readers and heterogeneous randomly moving mobile RFID readers. It effectively reduces the number of backoffs or contentions for the RFID channel. This has high reading success rate due to the avoided collisions; however, the readers are put to wait, and DiSim has less average readings per reader per time. As an additional side evaluation, the ETSI standard LBT mechanism was found to present a good performance for low-density mid-coverage scenarios, however, with high variability on the evaluation results. Research limitations/implications To show more results, the author needs to do real experimentation in a warehouse, such as Amazon warehouse, where he expects to have more and more robots, start shelves, automatic item finding on the shelve, etc. Practical implications Future work considers experimentation in a real warehouse equipped with heterogeneous RFID readers and real-time analysis of RFID reading efficiency also combined with indoor localization and navigation for warehouse mobile robots. Social implications More automatization is expected in the future; this work makes the use of RFID technology more efficient and opens more possibilities for services deployment in different domains such as the industry which was considered not only in this paper but also in smart cites and smart homes. Originality/value Compared to the literature, the proposal offers the advantage to not be dependent on a centralized server controlling the RFID readers. It also offers the possibility for an existing RFID architecture to add new readers from a different manufacturer, as the readers using the approach will have the possibility to discover the capabilities of the new interaction other RFID readers. This solution takes advantage of the available proximity service that will be more and more offered by the IoT technologies.

Apple ZeroConf Holes: How Hackers Can Steal iPhone Photos

Usability-oriented zero configuration (ZeroConf) designs, with automatic service discovery plug-and-play techniques, give rise to security implications. A study focusing on Apple--the major proponent of ZeroConf--brings to light a disturbing lack of security: major ZeroConf components are mostly unprotected, and popular apps and system services are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks.

A Semantic Web Services Classification approach based on IG-C4.5

Semantic Web services have emerged as the solution to the need for automating several aspects related to service-oriented architectures, such as service discovery and composition, and they are realized by combining Semantic Web technologies and Web service standards. The increasing number of available Web services has raised the need for their automated and accurate classification. Services Classification would be useful to enact powerful capabilities such as automatic selection, invocation, composition, location or discovery of web services. In this paper, We proposes a approach of Semantic Web Services classification taking into account the feature of textual description and the semantic annotations of OWL-S advertisements. An experimental test of the proposed techniques is reported, showing positive results, the efficiency and accuracy of the automatic service portfolio has been improved.

Enhancing Interface Understandability as a Means for Better Discovery of Web Services

Service-oriented architecture has greatly influenced web-based development. However, the dream of system integration and automatic service discovery has only been partially fulfilled. Discovery within poorly defined web services has raised several concerns about the visionary promise of service-oriented computing, most notably in terms of the ability to understand and assemble application functionality from loosely coupled services. Well-developed Web Service interfaces enable service consumers to choose and bind to valid and well-understood web service interfaces. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach that allows the utilization of a large number of currently published web services that lack proper descriptions and that therefore are not considered during the traditional search and discovery process. The author develops a new metric for web service clarity to enhance quality control during the registration and operation phases. The results prove that using the proposed approach, the discovery process can be significantly enhanced.

Semantic Techniques for IOT Data and Service Management on to Smart System

In 2020 more than 50 billions devices will be connected over the Internet. Every device will be connected to anything, anyone, anytime and anywhere in the world of Internet of Thing or IoT. This network will generate tremendous unstructured or semi structured data that should be shared between different devices/machines for advanced and automated service delivery in the benefits of the user's daily life. Thus, mechanisms for data interoperability and automatic service discovery and delivery should be offered. Although many approaches have been suggested in the state of art, none of these researches provide a fully interoperable, light, flexible and modular Sensing/Actuating as service architecture. Therefore, this paper introduces a new Semantic Multi Agent architecture named OntoSmart for IoT data and service management through service oriented paradigm. It proposes sensors/actuators and scenarios independent flexible context aware and distributed architecture for IoT systems, in particular smart home systems

A scalable automatic service discovery approach based on probabilistic topic model

Current service discovery approaches mainly focus on syntax matchmaking, which contains little semantic information to discover services automatically. This paper proposes a scalable automatic serv...

A scalable automatic service discovery approach based on probabilistic topic model

Current service discovery approaches mainly focus on syntax matchmaking, which contains little semantic information to discover services automatically. This paper proposes a scalable automatic service discovery approach based on probabilistic topic model. Specifically, a novel service description model PTWSDM is proposed. With this model, heterogeneous service descriptions can be represented in a topic vector form on the same homogeneous plane. For the scarcity of word co-occurrence patterns in service functional descriptions, Biterm topic model is introduced to extract latent topics. Finally, a stream algorithm for topic model updating is introduced in order that the proposed approach is scalable and adaptable for large-scale dynamic registry. Experimental results confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of precision and normalised discounted cumulative gain values. It also has good time performance and scalability.

Semantic Similarity Assessment Using Differential Evolution Algorithm in Continuous Vector Space

The assessment of semantic similarity between terms is one of the challenging tasks in knowledge-based applications, such as multimedia retrieval, automatic service discovery and emotion mining. By means of similarity estimation, the comprehension of textual resources can become more feasible and accurate. Some studies have proposed the integration of various assessment methods for taking advantage of different semantic resources, but most of them simply employ average operation or regression training. In this paper, we address this problem by combining the corpus-based similarity methods with the WordNet-based methods based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Specifically, this DE-based approach conducts similarity assessment in a continuous vector space. It is validated against a variety of similarity approaches on multiple benchmark datasets. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing works and more conforms to the human judgement of similarity. The results also prove the expressiveness of continuous vectors learned from neural network on latent lexical semantics.

Automatic Discovery of Relevant Web Services with Semantic Ranking

The main objective of this study is to discover and rank relevant web services from the given set of WSDL documents automatically for the specified user requirements through semantic search. Current web services are described using WSDL that only provides syntactic description of a web service. This syntactic description is related with the implementation details of a service and thus customized towards the requirements of the programmer. Semantic descriptions of the web services are necessary to automatically discover many relevant web services for a specific user request. In the proposed architecture, the semantic descriptions of a given set of WSDL documents are extracted using WordNet Ontology Framework and Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) concepts and these semantic descriptions are stored in the database along with the WSDL documents. The given set of WSDL documents are semantically categorized in to six predefined categories based on the semantic descriptions. These semantically categorized WSDL documents are searched for discovering relevant web services for a refined service request. As these relevant web services are semantically ranked and displayed, the users are facilitated with the required information. The effectiveness of this proposed architecture is evaluated with set of WSDL documents that are collected from OWLS-TC test collection. The analysis of results shows that the proposed architecture provides better improvement on recall, precision and average query response time.