Automated Highway Systems Research Articles

Formation of New Technology in Automated Highway System in Peripheral Highway

There will be a dramatic shift in the transportation sector with the advent of autonomous highway systems, which might boost safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Modernizing India's transportation system may be as simple as installing state-of-the-art equipment along the Western Peripheral Highway. This abstract explores the potential impacts of autonomous highway systems on the Western Peripheral Highway, a vital piece of infrastructure. The development of autonomous highway systems is facilitated by a number of critical technologies, including artificial intelligence, sensor fusion, communication networks, and autonomous vehicles. These innovations enable cars to navigate themselves, exchange data with each other and roadside infrastructure, and make split-second decisions, all with the goal of enhancing traffic flow and roadway safety. By using high-definition mapping and precise localization systems, vehicle positioning and navigation are assured to be accurate, even in complex urban environments. The installation of Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway along the Western Peripheral Highway in India is widely anticipated as a potential solution to the country's dire transportation issues. Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway offer a realistic solution to increase mobility, decrease emissions, and alleviate congestion, all of which are contributing factors to the growing demand for efficient logistics networks brought about by rapid urbanization. Smart grid technology and renewable energy sources, when integrated into highway infrastructure, can make the transportation sector more resilient and eco-friendly. To make Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway a reality, many things and challenges must be taken into account. Make sure the communication protocols and car manufacturers are compatible for a smooth integration and operation. Urgent action is needed to address privacy and cybersecurity concerns in order to ensure the security of data and autonomous driving systems. The development of autonomous highway systems along India's Western Peripheral Highway finally presents a chance to drastically change transportation and urban mobility. It is possible for India to use cutting-edge technology and promote cooperation between the government, businesses, and universities to build highways that are safer, more efficient, and less harmful to the environment in the future. With sufficient investment, innovative thinking, and meticulous planning, Formation of new technology in Automated highway system in peripheral highway have the potential to transform urban landscapes and improve the quality of life for countless Americans.

A Dynamic Threat Prevention Framework for Autonomous Vehicle Networks based on Ruin-theoretic Security Risk Assessment

In recent years, Autonomous Vehicle Networks (AVNs) have gained significant attention for their potential to make transportation safer and more efficient. These networks rely on Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication to exchange critical information, such as location, speed, and driving intentions. However, V2V communication also introduces security vulnerabilities that can be exploited to compromise the safety and privacy of drivers and passengers. Malicious or selfish drivers can potentially intercept, modify, and manipulate V2V communication, causing confusion among vehicles or stealing sensitive data. Therefore, in order to identify and mitigate security threats that could jeopardize V2V communication in AVNs, the implementation of a threat prevention framework is imperative. This paper presents a threat prevention framework that assesses security risks dynamically to facilitate secure message forwarding in V2V communication. First, we propose a dynamic risk assessment technique that utilizes the PIER approach to evaluate the level of security threats posed to V2V communication, and ultimately generate a risk score. Second, we develop a security decay assessment method that utilizes ruin theory to continuously monitor security risk within the AVNs. Third, we design a risk-aware message forwarding protocol based on coalitional game theory to facilitate secure V2V communication. Our experiments using the simulator Veins demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed framework in preventing potential damage caused by common security threats and enhancing the security of the Automated Highway System (AHS).

Adaptive Highway Networks: An IoT Solution for Improving Road Safety at Turnovers and U-Turns

Highway construction is a crucial component of any region's infrastructure, and it is carried out in several different ways nowadays. Adaptive Highways Network (AHN) uses sensors and microprocessors for automatic design. Innovative highway design employs roadside controls and intelligent vehicles for traffic management and control. The Automated Highway System enhances highway safety, operational efficiency, and other vehicle and user characteristics. This innovation has enhanced the architecture of highways and reduced vehicle emissions. AHS, or Smart Road, is a projected intelligent transportation system technology for driverless automobiles on specific roadways. It is commonly employed to alleviate traffic congestion since it reduces following distances and permits more vehicles on the road. Together, the car and the roadway strive to avoid barriers, boost traffic flow, and decrease congestion. The AHS concept integrates vehicle intelligence, intelligent highway infrastructure, and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology.

Scalable Collaborative Intrusion Detection in Autonomous Vehicular Networks: A hierarchical framework based on game theory

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) networks are vulnerable to security attacks targeting data integrity and service availability. To successfully operate in emerging automated highway systems (AHS), securing communications among the AVs and with the transportation infrastructure is paramount. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is the foremost defense artifact against malicious AV activities. However, individual IDS on board of the AV may not be sufficient enough against diverse and increasingly emerging new threats. In addition, not all security vendors synchronize their update of new IDS security features. Therefore, the collaboration among individual IDSs of AVs enables the vehicles to benefit from the collective knowledge and information of their neighbors and achieve more accurate intrusion detection. This paper presents a hierarchical framework for a Collaborative Intrusion Detection Network (CIDN) that allows the AV platoons to share detection knowledge based on trust and increase the accuracy of their individual IDS. The proposed CIDN involves intra-platoon and inter-platoon collaborations to improve scalability. The experimental results show that collaborative IDSs yield higher accuracy than individual IDSs in detecting misbehaviors in AV networks while achieving scalability.

Vehicle Following Control Design for Automated Highway Systems [25 Years Ago

Automatic vehicle following is an important feature of a fully or partially automated highway system (AHS). The on-board vehicle control system should be able to accept and process inputs from the driver, the infrastructure, and other vehicles, perform diagnostics, and provide the appropriate commands to actuators so that the resulting motion of the vehicle is safe and compatible with the AHS objectives. The purpose of this article is to design and test a vehicle control system in order to achieve full vehicle automation in the longitudinal direction for several modes of operation, where the infrastructure manages the vehicle following. These modes include autonomous vehicles, cooperative vehicle following, and platooning. The vehicle control system consists of a supervisory controller that processes the inputs from the driver, the infrastructure, other vehicles, and the onboard sensors and sends the appropriate commands to the brake and throttle controllers. In addition, the controller makes decisions about normal, emergency, and transition operations. Simulation results of some of the basic vehicle following maneuvers are used to verify the claimed performance of the designed controllers. Experiments on Interstate-15 that demonstrate the performance of the throttle controller with and without vehicle-to-vehicle communications in an actual highway environment are also included.

Path Planning for Autonomous Platoon Formation

In the context of automated highway systems (AHS), this work proposes an approach that enables a vehicle to autonomously join a platoon with optimized trajectory in the presence of dynamical traffic obstacles. A notable aspect is the use of Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimization of the planned path, in conjunction with a variant of the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT*) algorithm for the purpose of platoon formation. This combination efficiently explores the space of possible trajectories, returning trajectories that are smoothened out with respect to the dynamic constraints of the vehicle, while at the same time allowing for real-time implementation. The implementation we propose takes into consideration both localization and mapping through relevant sensors and V2V communication. The complete algorithm is tested over various nominal and worst-case scenarios, qualifying the merits of the proposed methodology.

Distance‐based formation control for multi‐lane autonomous vehicle platoons

This paper investigates the formation control of connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) platoons moving in multi lanes using distance-based formation control techniques based on rigid graphs and V2V communication. A hierarchical architecture is proposed to decompose the cooperative control into velocity planning and vehicle dynamic control. A new velocity planning method is first developed via a distributed distance-based formation controller so that each vehicle can keep platoon and change lane. Then, for the vehicle dynamics with nonlinearities and bounded disturbances, an adaptive controller is designed for regulating driving/braking torque to achieve the longitudinal velocity output of the velocity planner. The steering controller is designed to adjust the yaw angle of each vehicle to track and change lanes. Furthermore, stability analysis is conducted based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the applications of the proposed control designs to various of automated highway system (AHS) scenarios including lane-change, curve lane and platoon overtaking, are simulated and numerically analysed to validate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

TRAFFIC CONTROL MANAGEMENT FOR CONNECTIVITY ROADS FROM HYDERABAD TO WARANGAL HIGH WAY (NH163)

Due to the ever increasing need for transportation, there will be increasingly automobile overloads except if some sweeping measures are taken. There are numerous conceivable approaches to diminish blockage, (for example, constructing new streets, new evaluating strategies, move of transport from street to prepare or send, et cetera). In any case, since activity blockage is a squeezing issue that seriously affects both the economy and nature, there unquestionably is a requirement for measures that can be executed on the here and now. In this paper we talk about from a frameworks and control perspective a portion of the techniques that can be utilized to decrease activity clog issues. We will center around Warangal high way (NH 164) and ring streets First we quickly examine the Automated Highway Systems (AHS) structure, which prompts a decrease of activity clog and to a superior utilization of the accessible limit of the transportation organize. ATMS utilize propelled displaying, recreation, streamlining and media transmission procedures to create and to actualize different activity strategy measures to decrease movement blockage. The between vehicle detachment, which relies upon the vehicle braking ability, control circle delays and working velocity, is then used to process siteautonomous upper limits on AHS limit with regards to a given blend of vehicle classes. The affectability of the limit as for the level of between vehicle participation, registration strategies (administering least adequate vehicle-braking capacity), thruway speed cutoff points, and path utilize arrangements (overseeing the sharing of a path by numerous vehicle classes) is additionally examined.

A New Approach to the Robust Control Design of Fuzzy Automated Highway Systems

In this paper, a new approach to the decentralized control design for vehicle platooning for uncertain automated highway systems is proposed. The uncertainty in the system, which is nonlinear and (possibly) fast time-varying, is bounded. The bound is assumed to be within a prescribed fuzzy set. A creative transformation is made to the system, which converts a local problem to a global problem. Based on the fuzzy description of the uncertainty bound and the transformation, a class of decentralized control is proposed in which each vehicle only needs the knowledge of its preceding vehicle in the platoon. No acceleration feedback or the information of the leading vehicle is required. Both the vehicle platooning system and the control are deterministic, hence not if-then fuzzy rule-based. The performance of the resulting controlled system is twofold. First, the collision avoidance performance is guaranteed under any safe initial conditions regardless of the value of the uncertainty. Second, the minimization of a fuzzy-based performance index is guaranteed based on an optimal choice of a control design parameter. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Analysis and design on intervehicle distance control of autonomous vehicle platoons

This paper presents an intervehicle distance control (IDC) to solve the problem of autonomous vehicle platooning, motivated by future automated highway system (AHS) or smart road which is proposed as intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology. First the velocity and position control of the single vehicle is studied based on internal model compensator. And then the platooning problem on multiple vehicles is solved in the light of multiagent concept. Moreover, the platoon condition is derived for the corresponding scheme. Further we analyze the influence of controller parameters on the whole system, and propose the guidance for parameter design. Finally some simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IDC scheme with an analysis on controller parameters.

Travel Time Prediction-Based Routing Algorithms for Automated Highway Systems

Travel Time Prediction-Based Routing Algorithms for Automated Highway Systems

Robust Decentralized Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Large‐Scale Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems With Strong Interconnection and Application to Automated Highway Systems

AbstractA novel decentralized adaptive fuzzy controller is developed for a class of large‐scale uncertain nonaffine nonlinear systems in this paper. Incorporating the benefits of fuzzy systems, implicit function theorem, and robust control technique, the interconnections between subsystems are extended to general unknown nonlinear functions. No a priori knowledge of lower and upper bounds on lumped uncertainties is required to implement each local controller. The resulting closed‐loop large‐scale system is proved to be asymptotically stable. The controller design is applicable to an automated highway system and simulation results confirm its practical usefulness.

Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control for Interconnected Systems With Application to Automated Highway Systems

In this paper, a decentralized control strategy based on sliding mode techniques is proposed for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems. Both matched uncertainties in the isolated subsystems and mismatched uncertainties associated with the interconnections are considered. Under mild conditions, sliding mode controllers for each subsystem are designed in a decentralized manner by only employing local information. Conditions are determined which enable information on the interconnections to be employed within the decentralized controller design to reduce conservatism. The developed results are applied to an automated highway system. Simulation results pertaining to a high-speed following system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Vision Based Intelligent Vehicle Steering Control Using Single Camera for Automated Highway System

Generally, stereoscope vision is used for guiding autonomous intelligent road vehicles, as image depth can be calculated easily. However, when one of the camera fails, it will advantages to have suitable guidance algorithm that can detect the lane marking using single camera. The primary objective of this work is to develop and implement control algorithms for identifying and guiding the intelligent road vehicle in the assigned lane using image-processing techniques, using single camera. It deals with dividing the video being taken by the camera, into several number of frames. Then, the obtained frames are processed using Image acquisition techniques in Matlab. It detects the lane to be followed through image processing, calculates the angle of movement required for the robot to stay in the assigned path and commands the steering system with appropriate control algorithms. The identification of lane is done using color detection and boundary marking techniques. The image initially undergoes Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM) for viewing the 3-D space in a 2-dimensional array. Once the IPM of the acquired image undergoes lane detection algorithm, the angle of any curve in the lane is detected using angle detection module. The robot is also made to move at the center of the path using Fuzzy Logic algorithms, where it takes distance from the left detected edge as the input and outputs the angle to be moved by the robot to stay in the center. The developed algorithm has been tested using P3-DX Pioneer mobile in laboratory condition. The experimental result obtained show that the algorithm used by the vehicle to follow the center of the lane, with any given angle or position of initiation, has worked all the times under given experimental conditions, with a maximum error of 2 cm.

Attack on Vehicular Platooning and Mitigation Strategy: A Survey

Through vehicular platooning, a group of autonomous vehicles move together under the same control law with maintaining constant inter-vehicle distance and velocity. Owing to many advantages in the aspect of economy, environment, and safety, platoon has been developed for AHS (Automated Highway System). But there is little study of platoon in adversarial environment. Since vehicle safety is directly related to a passenger’s life, the in-depth study of adversarial platooning is of crucial importance. In this paper, we present that an attacker in platoon can cause serious accident just by slightly modifying control law and also discuss the control system designed for mitigating the damage of accident caused by the attacker.

Toward Robust Vehicle Platooning With Bounded Spacing Error

Intelligent transportation has become an essential field of cyber-physical systems. Among various intelligent transportation technologies, the automated highway system (AHS) has its unique advantage of being able to coordinate a platoon of vehicles as a whole unit. The major challenge of building a robust AHS is the nonlinear and (potentially) fast time-varying uncertainty induced by parameter variations and external disturbances. Finally, reflected as the spacing between neighboring vehicles, such uncertainties can be a serious concern for maintaining safety. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a mathematical transformation scheme to bound the spacing error and build a distributed control algorithm on such a basis. The propose algorithm achieves a spacing error satisfying both uniformly boundedness and uniformly ultimate boundedness. Our decentralized algorithm is communication efficient in the sense that it only requires the state information of the preceding car and the acceleration feedback and does not need to communicate with all other cars.

Capacity and safety analysis of hard-shoulder running (HSR). A motorway case study

Operational motorway conditions can be improved by introducing traffic flow management and control systems, such as ramp metering (RM), high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, real-time variable speed limits (VSLs), reversible lanes (RL), automated highway systems (AHS) and hard-shoulder running (HSR). The effects of such devices need to be examined in terms of capacity and safety. This paper examines the case study of the Italian motorway A22, which is supposed to be equipped with an HSR system implemented along 128km in order to reduce congestion with consequent improvement in levels of service (LOS). We studied the traffic processes (capacity, flow distribution between lanes, reliability, etc.) and estimated the expected capacity and safety conditions. These latter were studied with the method provided by the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), as well as by undertaking sensitivity analyses to quantify the expected changes in crash frequency at varying HSR activation hours (from 30 to 200h) in a year. It has been observed that HSR activation does not involve significant variations in the general safety conditions in the presence of a considerable capacity increase up to 35%. Moreover, have been identified the cases which require speed limit implementation (with VSLs system) in function of the values of reliability ϕ and velocity process V‾, and also suggested a speed limit sign system.

Automated driving and autonomous functions on road vehicles

In recent years, road vehicle automation has become an important and popular topic for research and development in both academic and industrial spheres. New developments have received extensive coverage in the popular press, and it may be said that the topic has captured the public imagination. Indeed, the topic has generated interest across a wide range of academic, industry and governmental communities, well beyond vehicle engineering; these include computer science, transportation, urban planning, legal, social science and psychology. While this follows a similar surge of interest – and subsequent hiatus – of Automated Highway Systems in the 1990s, the current level of interest is substantially greater, and current expectations are high. It is common to frame the new technologies under the banner of ‘self-driving cars’ – robotic systems potentially taking over the entire role of the human driver, a capability that does not fully exist at present. However, this single vision leads one to ignore the existing range of automated systems that are both feasible and useful. Recent developments are underpinned by substantial and long-term trends in ‘computerisation’ of the automobile, with developments in sensors, actuators and control technologies to spur the new developments in both industry and academia. In this paper, we review the evolution of the intelligent vehicle and the supporting technologies with a focus on the progress and key challenges for vehicle system dynamics. A number of relevant themes around driving automation are explored in this article, with special focus on those most relevant to the underlying vehicle system dynamics. One conclusion is that increased precision is needed in sensing and controlling vehicle motions, a trend that can mimic that of the aerospace industry, and similarly benefit from increased use of redundant by-wire actuators.

Extending cost–benefit analysis for the sustainability impact of inter-urban Intelligent Transport Systems

The paper reports research involving three cost–benefit analyses performed on different ITS schemes (Active Traffic Management, Intelligent Speed Adaptation and the Automated Highway System) on one of the UK's busiest highways — the M42. The environmental scope of the assets involved is widened to take into account the possibility of new technology linked by ICT and located within multiple spatial regions. The areas focused on in the study were data centre energy emissions, the embedded emissions of the road-side infrastructure, vehicle tailpipe emissions, additional hardware required by the vehicles (if applicable) and safety, and all aspects of sustainability. Dual discounting is applied which aims to provide a separate discount rate for environmental elements. For ATM, despite the energy costs of the data centre, the initial implementation costs and mitigation costs of its embedded emissions, a high cost–benefit ratio of 5.89 is achieved, although the scheme becomes less effective later on its lifecycle due to rising costs of energy. ISA and AHS generate a negative result, mainly due to the cost of getting the vehicle on the road. In order to negate these costs, the pricing of the vehicle should be scaled depending upon the technology that is outfitted. Retrofitting on vehicles without the technology should be paid for by the driver. ATM will offset greenhouse gas emissions by 99kt of CO2 equivalency over a 25year lifespan. This reduction has taken into account the expected improvement in vehicle technology. AHS is anticipated to save 280kt of CO2 equivalency over 15years of operational usage. However, this offset is largely dependent on assumptions such as the level of market penetration.

A Macroscopic Forecasting Framework for Estimating Socioeconomic and Environmental Performance of Intelligent Transport Highways

The anticipated introduction of new forms of intelligent transport systems (ITS) represents a significant opportunity for increased cooperative mobility and sociotechnical changes within the transport system. Although such technologies are currently technically feasible, various socioeconomic and environmental barriers impede their arrival. This paper uses a recently developed ITS performance assessment framework, i.e., Environmental Fusion (EnvFUSION), to perform dynamic forecasting of the performance for three key ITS technologies: active traffic management (ATM), intelligent speed adaptation (ISA), and an automated highway system (AHS) using a mathematical theory of evidence. A consequential lifecycle assessment (c-LCA) is undertaken, which forms part of a data fusion process using data from various sources. The models forecast improvements for the three ITS technologies in line with social acceptability, economic profitability, and major carbon reduction scenarios up to 2050 on one of the U.K.'s most congested highways. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) are used to weight criteria that form part of an intelligent transport sustainability index (ITSI). Overall performance is then synthesized. Results indicate that there will be a substantial increase in socioeconomic and emissions benefits, provided that the policies are in place and targets are reached, which would otherwise delay their realization.