Automated Heating System Research Articles

Maximizing Building Energy Efficiency Through Zone-Based Conditions: An Advanced Dynamic Simulation Approach

Abstract The primary objective of this research is to maximize the building energy efficiency by identifying the zone-based conditions and employing an advanced energy simulation model. It is possible to achieve this by reducing periods of excessive heating and cooling by utilizing a calibrated energy model with 15-minute measured data. Further, by regulating the energy consumption of various functional zones corresponding to the work schedules, building's energy system timetables, and the sensible temperature comfort requirements, additional energy savings can be achieved. To show the effect of dynamic simulation on building energy consumption, periodic 15-min temperature data were collected in different zones to be used both in the calibration of the energy model and in the improvement of the current energy profile. Mean bias error and cumulative variation of the root mean squared error were chosen as a performance indicator. Utilizing measured data, over-heated and over-cooled periods were defined by manually identifying zone-based indoor comfort conditions to predict improvements in overall building energy performance. The potential energy savings that can be achieved by largely eliminating over-heating periods are calculated. In addition, energy needs of different zones were considered and zone-based scheduling and zone-based comfort conditions were applied with the implementation of demand-side management. As a result, 17% energy efficiency can be achieved with an automated heating system that controls the indoor temperatures and ensures that the temperature is always kept at the desired level. As a further improvement, 32% energy efficiency can be achieved by applying zone-based scheduling and comfort conditions.

EVALUATION OF THE INTERRELATION OF HYDRAULIC AND THERMAL RESISTANCE OF WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

The work is aimed at an analytical solution of the problem of establishing the relationship between hydraulic and thermal stability for both traditional multi-storey and modern automated water heating systems for high-rise buildings. From the results of the review of scientific, technical, regulatory literature and patent search, it follows that the data and recommendations obtained are not exhaustive and require further research related to the solution of theoretical and practical tasks of the problem under consideration. Therefore, further improvement of heating systems determines the need to solve new scientific and technical problems, the results of which can create a scientific and methodological basis for improving the hydraulic and thermal stability, energy and overall efficiency of automated heating systems for multi-storey and high-rise buildings. The result of the work was an analytical solution of the problem with the establishment of the regularity of the relationship between general hydraulic and thermal processes in the heating systems of high-rise buildings in order to analyze the conditions for a possible increase in their energy-technological efficiency. With quantitative and qualitative regulation of the thermal power of the systems, taking into account the change in the gravitational component, the actual pressure losses are compared with the drop for the options under consideration. The thermal power of heating systems was presented as the total heat flow from all heating devices, with the "lower" and "intermediate" location of the heat source. A new dependence is obtained by means of an irrational equation, which establishes an analytical relationship between the processes of thermal and hydraulic stability. It is shown that a new technical solution with an intermediate placement of a heat source along the height of the building minimizes the gravitational pressure during the operation of the heating system, as a result of which its vertical hydraulic stability increases, and, accordingly, the variable part of the excess pressure on the automation means decreases.

A lightweight messaging engine for decentralized data processing in the Internet of Things

Today, Internet of Things applications are available throughout many different domains (manufacturing, health, cities, homes), enabling a high degree of automation to ease people’s lives. For example, automated heating systems in a smart home can lead to reduced costs and an increased comfort for the residents. In the IoT, situations can be detected through interpretation of data produced by heterogeneous sensors, which typically lead to an invocation of actuators. In such applications, sensor data is usually streamed to a central instance for processing. However, especially in time-critical applications, this is not feasible, since high latency is an issue. To cope with this problem, in this paper, we introduce an approach for decentralized data processing in the IoT. This leads to decreased latency as well as a reduction of costs.

Living with an autonomous spatiotemporal home heating system: Exploration of the user experiences (UX) through a longitudinal technology intervention-based mixed-methods approach

Rising energy demands place pressure on domestic energy consumption, but savings can be delivered through home automation and engaging users with their heating and energy behaviours. The aim of this paper is to explore user experiences (UX) of living with an automated heating system regarding experiences of control, understanding of the system, emerging thermal behaviours, and interactions with the system as this area is not sufficiently researched in the existing homes setting through extended deployment. We present a longitudinal deployment of a quasi-autonomous spatiotemporal home heating system in three homes. Users were provided with a smartphone control application linked to a self-learning heating algorithm. Rich qualitative and quantitative data presented here enabled a holistic exploration of UX. The paper's contribution focuses on highlighting key aspects of UX living with an automated heating systems including (i) adoption of the control interface into the social context, (ii) how users' vigilance in maintaining preferred conditions prevailed as a better indicator of system over-ride than gross deviation from thermal comfort, (iii) limited but motivated proactivity in system-initiated communications as best strategy for soliciting user feedback when inference fails, and (iv) two main motivations for interacting with the interface – managing irregularities when absent from the house and maintaining immediate comfort, latter compromising of a checking behaviour that can transit to a system state alteration behaviour depending on mismatches. We conclude by highlighting the complex socio-technical context in which thermal decisions are made in a situated action manner, and by calling for a more holistic, UX-focused approach in the design of automated home systems involving user experiences.

Reducing energy consumption in low energy buildings through implementation of a policy system used in automated heating systems

The objective of this article is to analyze the opportunity of the nearly zero energy building (nZEB) concept implementation in Romanian climate conditions. Similar with the values in European Union, the largest share of energy consumption in Romanian buildings is due to the interior space heating. Therefore, our study was concentrated on energy consumption and interior comfort level of the low-energy house, built in the campus of POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest. The study house was built in accordance with the Passive House Institute (PHI) standards and it's equipped with a monitoring and data acquisition system for research purposes. The implemented Smart Building Controller (SBC) has an execution mechanism driven by a complex set of “policies”, which activates the heating system. It was found that the implementation of the SBC assures an optimal interior comfort and the total energy consumption for heating didn’t exceed the value imposed by the PHI (15kWh/m2/year). The energy balance analysis indicates that the total energy consumption can be covert in a major percentage by the energy production system (photovoltaic panels), making the nZEB concept an achievable goal.

Data fusion for PT100 temperature sensing system heating control model

This research examines temperature monitoring and automated heating system control. The temperature sensing module utilizes a wireless ZigBee chip. A terminal interface to the RS232 transmission infrared transmitter module issues a control packet through the infrared transmitter module to the infrared receiver module to control the electromagnetic oven. ZigBee chip wireless transmission is the essential network topology design. The subsequent maintenance advantage uses the terminal interface is a Visual Basic program to design the system monitoring interface. Concrete results are: (1) adaptive weighted fusion algorithm for data fusion computing. (2) Completion of the PT100 temperature sensing modules. (3) ZigBee wireless transmission. (4) The infrared receiver, launch control module developed. (5) The design of the interface in this system covers monitoring, automatic control, manual control functions.

Smart house

Smart Homes have been heralded for decades as the way to make our domestic lives much easier. But so far, integrated technology has only really commercially succeeded in the form of automatic curtains, clap-activated lighting and dubiously sensitive automated heating systems; hardly a technological revolution. But now companies are starting to take the term 'smart' a little more seriously and are manufacturing smart products that integrate with your smart phone to control household appliances, provide access to all aspects of your social media, allow you control your energy usage and drive you from A to B without you needing to put on your driving glasses.