Automated Code Checking Research Articles

개방형BIM기반 건축설계 외부요소의 설계 적합성 자동검토 방안 연구

개방형BIM기반 건축설계 외부요소의 설계 적합성 자동검토 방안 연구

Graph-based learning for automated code checking – Exploring the application of graph neural networks for design review

Although automated code checking (ACC) has been a subject of interest for many years, we have not yet seen significant breakthroughs in the field that may lead to the development of generic, comprehensive tools for ACC. Hard-coded rules are the backbone of all emerging platforms for ACC. These rules require a significant amount of engineering, which often requires manual labor; and the resulting rule sets are strict and difficult to scale to other building models. On the other hand, approaches relying purely on classic machine learning (e.g. SVM) are too coarse and unable to accurately express building information. In our hope to come up with a more scalable solution, we investigate here a novel workflow that relies on graph-based learning algorithms instead of processing rule sets. We illustrate the suggested workflow by checking accessibility requirements in residential houses, which we believe is one of the more promising rule sets that can be checked using graph-based learning methods. The high accuracy of the obtained results is encouraging to continue exploring Graph Neural Networks (GNN) for this type of ACC, yet rule-based and classic ML-based approaches show other advantages as well (rigor and speed, respectively). The main contribution of this work is therefore its identification of meaningful limitations and directions for future research, including alternative graph structures and GNN architectures.

BIM features to enhance building permit process activity: A partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach

Construction permit issuance is considered one indicator to measure a country's business. Applying for digital building permits seeks to increase the ease of doing business. Still, over time the performance of the permit process must continue to be improved to increase competition in the ease of doing business between countries and encourage the level of foreign investment. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology can enhance digital building permits. A quantitative method, based on the partial least squares structural equation modelling, was used to verify the proposed hypotheses. The findings display four process stages of building permits in the form of consultations, zoning assessments, technical recommendations and building assessments that affect the permit time performance. Two significant BIM features to implement in the permit process are 3D model visualization and automated code checking.

Code Checking using BIM for Digital Building Permit: a case study in a Brazilian municipality

There is a growing interest from municipalities around the world in digitizing the building permit process using building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) for automated code checking. However, technical, political, and commercial barriers still prevent digitization from becoming a reality and being widely implemented and locally adapted. The main objective of this research is to analyse best practices and lessons learned by a Brazilian municipality for BIM-based electronic system implementation. The adopted methodology included a comprehensive literature review of existing international initiatives in America, Europe, and Asia. Data collection occurred in a case study in a Brazilian municipality implementing BIM to digitize the different types of existing permits. The results indicate the leading practices and lessons learned by the municipality in their internal stage for developing the automated code checking system and promoting changes in processes, policies, and organizational culture. The findings also highlight best practices and promising international experiences, a comparative analysis with the Brazilian municipal context. The main contribution of this study is to provide a greater understanding of the required practices and the BIM/GIS role in the digital building permit process. As a practical contribution, the experiences in the Brazilian context provide valuable inputs for the journey of smart cities.

AUTOMATED CHECKING SYSTEM FOR MODULAR BIM OBJECTS

With the increasing popularity of modular buildings, many manufacturers have made BIM objects for use by designers. However, these BIM objects must satisfy specific regulations and requirements, and their quality needs to be verified. In this study, the authors propose an automated checking system for modular BIM object quality verification. The system includes three parts, which are modular BIM object guideline, pre-checking module and automated code checking module. The modular BIM object quality verification system is proposed to be applied to government modular product certification site for checking the modular BIM objects. It is expected that the use of this automated checking system will make it possible to connect users and manufacturers to promote the circulation of modular building products, as well as provide designers with standardized modular BIM objects for design purposes.

APPLYING AI TECHNOLOGY TO RECOGNIZE BIM OBJECTS AND VISIBLE PROPERTIES FOR ACHIEVING AUTOMATED CODE COMPLIANCE CHECKING

Automated code compliance checking is an effective approach for assessing the quality of building information modeling (BIM) models. Various automated code compliance checking systems have emerged, wherein users need to input all information accurately according to BIM modeling guidelines, in order to ensure the accuracy of checking results. However, as this process involves human inputs, it is difficult to ensure that each input is accurate. In the case of errors or missing inputs, the checking results will be erroneous. Although automated checking systems can be developed accurately, it is difficult to apply these systems practically. Therefore, this paper proposes the application of AI technology to recognize BIM objects and visible properties, in order to improve the operability of automated code compliance checking. The two necessary elements – object names and properties – could be automatically extracted to a certain extent, following the application of the proposed method to the automated code checking process. The error rate of the input could also be reduced, thus making the application of the code checking system more practically feasible. The proposed recognition method for BIM objects and visible properties is also expected to be used widely in BIM-based building e-submission systems and BIM-based forward designs.

Loose coupling of GIS and BIM data models for automated compliance checking against zoning codes

Modeling urban data is crucial for supporting automated code checking processes. Ideally, digitally modelled building codes and urban data should be retrieved from municipalities, and the digital building model should be checked automatically based on the collected information. However, BIM tools do not contain and do not allow managing geographical information at a neighborhood scale. Current GIS applications also do not store all of the information required by building codes. Even if they did, interoperability between GIS and BIM environments are problematic.This paper describes the development of a zoning domain model for automated compliance checking of building projects. The proposed model is illustrated through a proof-of-concept GIS application, where geometric and semantic data are stored, queried and exported as a GML file. Use of this data model for automated code checking is an example for how GIS data can seamlessly complement BIM data making expansion of BIM schemas unnecessary.

Fire Safety in Tall Timber Building: A BIM-Based Automated Code-Checking Approach

Fire safety regulations impose very strict requirements on building design, especially for buildings built with combustible materials. It is believed that it is possible to improve the management of these regulations with a better integration of fire protection aspects in the building information modeling (BIM) approach. A new BIM-based domain is emerging, the automated code checking, with its growing number of dedicated approaches. However, only very few of these works have been dedicated to managing the compliance to fire safety regulations in timber buildings. In this paper, the applicability to fire safety in the Canadian context is studied by constituting and executing a complete method from the regulations text through code-checking construction to result analysis. A design science approach is used to propose a code-checking method with a detailed analysis of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) in order to obtain the required information. The method starts by retrieving information from the regulation text, leading to a compliance check of an architectural building model. Then, the method is tested on a set of fire safety regulations and validated on a building model from a real project. The selected fire safety rules set a solid basis for further development of checking rules for the field of fire safety. This study shows that the main challenges for rule checking are the modeling standards and the elements’ required levels of detail. The implementation of the method was successful for geometrical as well as non-geometrical requirements, although further work is needed for more advanced geometrical studies, such as sprinkler or fire dampers positioning.

개방형BIM기반의 건축법규검토를 위한 법규유형화 및 적용방안

Recently, Productivity of the construction industry has been decreasing than other industries. Because of this, BIM is being spread in the construction industry. However, quality criteria for BIM data is insufficient. Regulation information is an important factor for initial architectural design evaluations. However, building code and related regulation are numerous. National building code structure in Korea is much more complex than other countries. The purpose of this study is to suggest the typology method of building code and apply to real regulations. To achieve this purpose, the authors have extracted required information to from original regulation for code checking and suggested mapping methods between extracted information and information of IFC scheme. In addition, the authors have represented EXPRESS-G diagram for extracting information from IFC scheme and suggested code checking method through stair case. Output of this study can be used as a base line data for automated code checking system based on open BIM. Automated code checking system will be utilized in architectural design evaluations and supported to increase design quality. It can be used to mount in SEUMTER that is the construction administration system of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT).

개방형BIM환경에서의 룰기반 초고층건축물 피난법규 검토모듈 개발

IFC based open BIM has internationally developed as a solution for interoperability problem among different software applications. Despite much interest and effort, the open BIM technologies are rarely introduced to the construction industry and need more technical development for a practical application as well. This research aims to develop automated code checking modules for quality assurance process of BIM data. The research have analyzed domestic regulations focusing on super-tall buildings and developed open BIM-based code checking modules for the evacuation regulations. The modules are able to validate evacuation regulations such as installation of emergency elevator and fire safety zone. The authors expect to improve the process of BIM quality assurance and enhance the quality of BIM data by this research on automated checking system.

An Approach to Share Architectural Drawing Information and Document Information for Automated Code Checking System

The purpose of this study is to suggest a way of optimized managing and sharing information between standard architectural drawings and construction documents in Korea architectural industry for automated code checking system by linked STEP and XML. To archive this purpose, the authors have analyzed current research and technical development for STEP and XML link and developed a prototype system for sharing information between model based drawings and XML based construction documents. Finally, the authors have suggested practical use scenario of sharing information through linked STEP and XML using test case of automatic code checking. In the paper, the possibility of constructing integrated architectural computing environment through exchange and sharing of drawing information and external data for the whole building life-cycle, from the conceptual design stage to the construction and maintenance stage has been examined. Automated code checking through linked STEP and XML could be enhanced through collaboration business, more completed code, improved building performance, and reduced construction costs.