Automatic Blood Analyzer Research Articles

Frequency of Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia among Students in Khartoum, Sudan

Background: Megaloblastic anemia is a generative macrocytic anemia characterized by nuclear dysmaturity and the nucleus immature appearance in comparison to the cytoplasm due to a defect in DNA synthesis anemia is a rare ailment in children that is usually caused by a vitamin deficiency or gastrointestinal disorder Objectives: The main objective of this study was to detect the frequency of nutritional megaloblastic anemia in male elementary-school children by measuring hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), and serum folate levels. Methods: This study examined 300 male primary-school children in Khartoum, Sudan. A 2.5-ml of blood was drawn from each student and placed in an ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vial to estimate the Hb level, RBC count, and HCT using an automated blood analyzer. Another 2.5 mL of blood were drawn from the same students into a plain container and examined for serum folate. Results: The mean Hb was 12.7 g/dl (two standard deviations), the RBC count was 4.71012 cells/L, and the mean packed cell volume (PCV) was 37.2%, and the mean serum folate was 4.4 ng/L. Conclusion: The blood parameters and serum folate were found to be within normal ranges. According to the findings, the nutritional status of the primary-school students was good, and megaloblastic anemia was not common. This type of research should be done on a frequent basis to assess children's nutritional health.

Investigation of virginiamycin to improve health of growing and finishing steers: I. Effects on ruminal acidosis and liver health*

ObjectiveOur objective was to observe the effects of the interrelationship among virginiamycin (VM) inclusion (240 mg/d), ruminal pH dynamics, and hepatic plasma metabolites on rumen and animal health during a 150-d feeding trial. Materials and MethodsSteers (304 ± 27 kg; n = 120) were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments: no VM (T000); VM for the last 50 d (T001); VM for the last 100 d (T011); VM for the first 50 d (T100); VM for the first 100 d (T110); and VM for 150 d (T111). All animals were orally administered 2 indwelling rumen pH and temperature recording boli on d 0 and 84. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on d −7, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140, and plasma was analyzed for concentrations of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total protein using an automated blood analyzer. Concurrently, haptoglobin (HPT) was measured following a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity. A random coefficients model with pen and animals within treatment as a random effect was used. Results and DiscussionAnimals that received VM for the first 100 d (T110 and T111) had greater mean ruminal pH during d 50 to 100 when compared with animals that did not receive VM (T000 and T001; 6.12 vs. 6.00, respectively). Moreover, T111 tended to have less time under pH 5.8 (3.01 h/d) when compared with T100 and T001 (5.83 and 6.45 h/d, respectively). At slaughter, overall, 3.36% of cattle in the study were identified with liver abscesses (A and A−), and 24.3% had lung lesions. Plasma metabolite concentrations before slaughter did not predict the presence of liver abscesses (P ≥ 0.182). Based on acute phase responses, HPT was notably lower on d 84 after diet transition in VM-treated animals (46.1 vs. 68.9 mg/L). Additionally, VM inclusion boosted indicators of overall health with greater alkaline phosphatase levels and albumin-toglobulin ratios. Implications and ApplicationsVirginiamycin has practical implications for rumen health and overall cattle health, where supplementation during the whole growing to finishing phases was more effective in capturing its full potential.

Comparative studies between humans and golden Syrian hamsters via thromboelastography.

Thromboelastography (TEG) is a widely utilized clinical testing method for real-time monitoring of platelet function and the thrombosis process. Lipid metabolism disorders are crucial risk factors for thrombosis. The lipid metabolism characteristics of hamsters resemble those of humans more closely than mice and rats, and their relatively large blood volume makes them suitable for studying the mechanisms of thrombosis related to plasma lipid mechanisms. Whole blood samples from golden Syrian hamsters and healthy humans were obtained following standard clinical procedures. TEG was employed to evaluate coagulation factor function, fibrinogen (Fib) function, platelet function, and the fibrinolytic system. The whole blood from hamster or healthy human was isolated following the clinical procedure, and TEG was employed to evaluate the coagulation factor function, Fib function, platelet function, and fibrinolytic system. Coagulation analysis used ACLTOP750 automatic coagulation analysis pipeline. Blood routine testing used XN-2000 automatic blood analyzer. TEG parameters revealed that hamsters exhibited stronger coagulation factor function than humans (reaction time [R], p = 0.0117), with stronger Fib function (alpha angle, p < 0.0001; K-time [K], p < 0.0001). Platelet function did not differ significantly (maximum amplitude [MA], p = 0.077). Hamsters displayed higher coagulation status than humans (coagulation index [CI], p = 0.0023), and the rate of blood clot dissolution in hamsters differed from that in humans (percentage lysis 30 min after MA, p = 0.02). Coagulation analysis parameters indicated that prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were faster in hamsters than in humans (PT, p = 0.0014; APTT, p = 0.03), whereas the Fib content was significantly lower in hamsters than in humans (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in thrombin time (p = 0.1949). In summary, TEG could be used to evaluate thrombosis and bleeding parameters in whole blood samples from hamsters. The platelet function of hamsters closely resembled that of humans, whereas their coagulation function was significantly stronger.

Feasibility Analysis of Establishing Combat Readiness Blood Bank Based on Low Titer Group O Whole Blood and Group A Plasma

To explore the feasibility of establishing combat readiness blood bank with low titer group O whole blood and group A plasma. The Galileo automatic blood analyzer was used to detect the titers of IgM anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the samples of group O blood donors and IgM anti-B titer in the samples of group A blood donors. Group O blood donors with antibody titers below 128 were selected and included in the mobile blood bank for combat readiness, group A plasma with anti-B titer lower than 128 and group O whole blood with antibody titers below 128 were included in the combat readiness entity blood bank. A total of 1 452 group O blood donors were selected, and the anti-A/B antibody titers were detected. Both antibody titers were distributed below 512, and both peak values of sample distribution were at titer 4. The proportion of samples with titers>128 for both antibodies was relatively low. There was a significant positive correlation between the titers of the two antibodies (r =0.383), and the proportion of samples with IgM anti-A titer higher than IgM anti-B titer was relatively high. 1 335(91.94%) group O blood donors with IgM anti-A and anti-B antibody titers <128 could be included in the mobile blood bank. The anti-B titer of group A blood was detected in 512 cases and the results showed that as the antibody titer increased, the proportion of blood donors gradually decreased. 99.8% of group A blood donors had anti-B antibody titer less than 128, and only one case did not meet the inclusion criteria. The proportion of group O blood donors whose whole blood meet the low antibody titer standard is high, and almost all plasma of group A blood donors meet the low titer standard, which improves the blood supply rate in emergencies.

Alterations in Blaood Profiles and Spleen Tissue Following Purple Sweet Pota-to Anthocyanin Extract Treatment in Restraint-Stressed Mice

Stress is associated with broad changes in blood and immune cell dysfunction, which are correlated with the spleen as a secondary lymphoid organ. Anthocyanin, a plant bioactive compound from purple sweet potatoes, has previously been reported to have a beneficial effect on stress response behavior. However, the limited studies evaluated anthocyanin's effect on blood profiles and spleen tissue under stress. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of total anthocyanin extract (ANC) from purple sweet potatoes (PSP) on the blood profiles and spleen tissue of restraint stressed mice. A total of 20 male adult BALB/c mice were divided into control (CTRL), stress (STR), stress + ANC 10 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10), stress + ANC 20 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC20), and stress + ANC 40 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10). Restraint stress was applied two hours/day for 14 days. An automatic blood analyzer was used for blood profiling. Immunoblotting of caspase-3 and hematoxylin-eosin-stained histological slides were observed for spleen tissue analysis. Combination of STR and ANC treatment reduced the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and leucocyte count. The ANC-treated groups had a higher percentage of lymphocytes and a lower percentage of granulocytes. The expression of caspase-3 declined among ANC-treated groups. Spleen extramedullary erythropoiesis, vacuolization, and white pulp involution were demonstrated in stress and ANC-treated animals. In summary, restraint stress modified the blood cell profiles and spleen tissue in the mice model. Further research is necessary to evaluate the mechanism of ANC during stress on blood cells and splenic tissue repair enhancement

The effects of aging, sex, and tumor burden on the peripheral blood immune cell profile and absolute counts.

Background: To better assess the peripheral immune status and aid in the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors, we compared the proportion and absolute counting of peripheral immune cell subsets in healthy individuals and tumor patients of varying ages, taking into account the impact of sex and tumor metastasis. Methods: We used peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 520 patients with various tumor types and 109 healthy volunteers. The absolute numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes were identified by an automated blood analyzer, and multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to examine the subsets of natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), T cells (CD3+CD4+/CD8+), and mononuclear cells (CD14+) in PBMC. Results: The percentage of T cells (CD3+) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was 55.83% VS 45.54% (P<0.0001) between healthy volunteers and tumor patients, showing a significant downward trend. Meanwhile, the percentages of monocytes (CD14+) and NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+) showed a significant upward trend. Single factor or multifactor analysis yielded identical findings on the proportion of PBMC between healthy individuals and patients with different malignancies, considering the three confounding variables of age, sex, and tumor metastasis. Conclusion: The proportion and absolute counting of acquired immune T cells, innate immune NK cells, and monocytes in PBMCs all exhibit substantial changes between cancer patients and healthy individuals, and the differences are influenced by age, sex, and tumor progression.

Prognostic significance of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in newly diagnosed stage III/IV non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lymphocytes are effector cells that fight cancer by killing tumor cells. Here, we aim to explore the prognostic significance of both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in newly diagnosed stage III/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In total, 105 cases of newly diagnosed stage III/IV NSCLC from July 2017 to October 2022 at the Tianjin Beichen Hospital were retrospectively investigated. Peripheral blood samples at the time of diagnosis and tumor tissue slices from these patients were collected. General peripheral blood cell composition and TILs were measured and analyzed via an automatic blood analyzer and immunofluorescence staining analysis. The overall survival (OS) time of all patients was also obtained and analyzed. The median overall survival (mOS) of all patients is 12 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 60.5, 28.4, and 18.6%, respectively. Peripheral lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) expression, tumor size, and tumor pathology are the prognostic factors of OS for newly diagnosed stage III/IV NSCLC patients. Moreover, patients with high tumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration survived significantly longer compared to patients with low tumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Compared to low tumor CD33+ cell infiltration, high tumor CD33+ cell infiltration was associated with worse OS (p = 0.018). High tumor CD8+ T cell infiltration was associated with lower peripheral lymphocyte number, lower serum CRP expression, smaller tumor size, and better tumor pathology (p = 0.012, p = 0.040, p = 0.012, and p = 0.029, respectively). Increased numbers of peripheral lymphocytes, CD33+ cells, CD4+ TILs, and CD8+ TILs were significantly associated with OS in newly diagnosed stage III/IV NSCLC patients, which were positively associated with several basic clinical factors.

Increased Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Structural Protein Antibody Positivity Rates in Piglets Orally Treated with Amino-Zinc Complex.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease that occurs in cloven-hoofed animals including pigs. To prevent FMD, vaccines and adjuvants are routinely used to induce an immune response; however, it requires an extended period of time to produce sufficient antibodies to prevent viral infection. In this study, we evaluated the increased effectiveness of the FMD vaccine structural protein (SP) antibody by administrating the Amino-Zn adjuvant to 100 pigs from 3 test pig farms in their feed. The FMD vaccine antibody titer and immunological index were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and the hematological and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed using an automatic blood analyzer. The titer of the FMD vaccine SP antibodies in the 0.2% Amino-Zn-administered group was significantly increased compared to that of the positive control group only injected with FMD vaccine at 4 weeks after the first vaccination and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). The FMD vaccine SP antibody positive rate was 100% until shipment. The IFN-γ and IgA levels were significantly increased by Amino-Zn administration 4 weeks after the first vaccination and 4 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). On the other hand, serum AST, and CPK (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased by Amino-Zn administration. These results show that the administration of Amino-Zn is effective in enhancing the antibody titer and immunogenicity of the FMD vaccine and can be used as an oral adjuvant (OrAd) to prevent viral diseases, such as FMD.

Evaluation of leukocytes cells types counts in blood from patients with different severities of periodontal diseases

Background: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders caused by the accumulation of oral biofilm and the host response to this accumulation which characterized by exaggerated leukocytes and neutrophils attraction to the sites of inflammation by chemoattractants which are a very important part of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to determine and compare the clinical periodontal parameters and the leukocyte cell types in the peripheral blood between patients with gingivitis and periodontitis with different severities compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: This study included 150 male subjects aged between 35-50 years. They were divided into three groups: gingivitis group (n=30), periodontitis patients (n=90) which subdivided into Mild =30 patients, Moderate =30 patients, Severe =30 patients and a control group (n=30) with clinically healthy periodontium. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded ((plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Blood samples were collected then an automated blood analyzer evaluated leukocyte cell types. Results: Significant differences in The counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes exhibited significant differences among the study groups and subgroups. On contrary, differences in monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils counts were not significant. Additionally, severity of periosontitis was significantly correlated with the mean counts of the various leukocyte cell types; however, clinical periodontal characteristics did not show such correlation with these inflammatory cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that periodontal disease with different severities is associated with possible episodes of bacteremia that originate from periodontal lesions which mediate inflammatory conditions that in turn causing changes in the systemic markers especially leukocytes cells types.

Predictive value of procalcitonin level for pharyngocutaneous fistula after laryngectomy

BackgroundPharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is among the most common postoperative infective complications following laryngectomy. Its diagnosis is often late and identified only after the formation of an abnormal, bacterial infection-harboring fistula track between the pharynx and the skin. This study was aimed at determining whether procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil percentage are good predictors of PCF. MethodsWe prospectively analysed 65 consecutive patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Clinicodemographic, surgical, and body mass index data were collected. Data on serum levels of PCT, WBC, CRP, and neutrophils were obtained before surgery and on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 by immunofluorescence, immune turbidimetry, and automatic blood analyzer. The area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated for each marker. ResultsThere were 65 patients with a mean age of 60.34 years. The PCF occurrence rate was 18.46 % (12/65). Serum levels of PCT and CRP determined on postoperative day 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 after surgery were higher in patients with PCF (P < 0.01). PCT level was identified as a good predictor area under the curve (AUC) > 0.800 on postoperative days 2, 4, and 6. Considering the sensitivity and specificity, the best combination was PCT on postoperative days 4, which with a cutoff level of 0.12 μg/L showed 91.67 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. ConclusionsProcalcitonin can predict PCF following laryngectomy. PCT > 0.12 μg/L on postoperative day 4 was a reliable predictor of PCF. This may help guide postoperative antibiotic management.

Molybdenum-Induced Apoptosis of Splenocytes and Thymocytes and Changes of Peripheral Blood in Sheep.

To investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) on apoptosis of lymphocytes and changes of peripheral blood in sheep, a total of 20 5-month-old healthy female sheep were randomly divided into five groups of 4 and orally administered with water containing Na2MoO4·2H2O (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50mg/kg BW/day) for 28days. Jugular vein blood was taken on the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day of Mo treatment, respectively. On the 28th day, the spleen and thymus were removed for observing histopathology and apoptosis-related DNA damage by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and TdT‑mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. The blood routine indexes were determined by an automatic blood analyzer. Further, the apoptosis of lymphocytes and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results showed that excessive Mo induced apoptosis-related DNA damage in the splenocytes and thymocytes and significantly increased the apoptosis indexes of the splenocytes and thymocytes (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatment with excessive Mo significantly decreased the MMP (P < 0.01) and promoted apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.01). And the number of WBC, Lymph, Gran, and RBC and the indexes of HGB and HCT were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while RDW was significantly increased by excessive Mo (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, excessive Mo-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the lymphocytes changed the RBC-related indexes of the peripheral blood in sheep.

Haematological And Inflammatory Markers Among Paediatrics With Sickle Cell Anaemia Attending Tertiary Health Institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Sickle cell anaemia is one of the life threatening health challenges bedevilling many developing countries like Nigeria and the management requires regular monitoring of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine haematological parameters and inflammatory markers among paediatrics with sickle cell anaemia. A total of 90 subjects were recruited for this study comprising of 45 confirmed sickle cell anaemia patients in steady state, 32 males and 13 females and 45 apparently healthy subjects with haemoglobin genotypes AA were used as the controls. Automated blood analyzer was used to analyze haematological parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was estimated by Westergreen method and C-reactive protein was estimated using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent method. Total white blood cell count, white cell differential count, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, platelet count, platelet distribution width, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein was higher in case compared to control. However, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, plateletcrit and mean platelet volume were lower in the case compared to the control subjects. There is no significant (p&gt;0.05) difference in haematological parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein among the gender in both the case and the control except plateletcrit in the case and eosinophil and red cell distribution width in the control. There is similarity in haematocrit in both sex among the case. It is our anticipation that these findings will greatly assist physicians in the better management of Sickle cell patients in our locality.

Effect of Lactation on Haematological and Metabolic Profile in Zobawng Cattle

Background: Zobawng is a local non-descript cattle of Mizoram, a hilly state of North-east India.Current study was carried out to investigate the haemato-biochemical profile of Zobawng cattle with the purpose of analyzing the physiological variations under the influence of different lactation stages in terms of determining possible biomarkers to monitor the energy balance and the metabolic adequacy during lactation. Methods: Eighteen clinically healthy lactating Zobawng cattle were categorized into three groups based on the length of their lactation: group-I (early stage), group-II (mid stage) and group-III (late stage). Haematological analysis was carried by automated blood analyzer (Melet Schlosing4e, France); whereas, metabolic parameters were evaluated by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer (Fuji Dry Chem 4000i, Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) Result: Haematological parameters varied non-significantly amongst the three groups of animals. The value of packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration were found to be lowest during early stage of lactation. Other parameters viz. total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet count were within the normal limits. Similarly, metabolic parameters also differed apparently, but the differences were statistically non significant amongst the groups. The glucose level was recorded to be the lowest in the early stage of lactation; whereas, protein and creatinine concentrations were slightly higher in this stage. No significant alteration in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was noticed amongst the three groups of cattle. Data generated during the study may be useful as reference values for the scientific community as this is the first study of its kind in Zobawng cattle.

57 Evaluation of Virginiamycin Inclusion in the Diets of Feedlot Steers: Interplay between Rumen pH and Liver Health

Abstract In the beef cattle system, liver abscesses are the most common liver abnormality and are the leading cause for condemnations at slaughter. Virginiamycin (VM) has been used to prevent sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and subsequently control liver abscess incidence. This study observed the interrelationship between VM inclusion (240 mg/hd/d), ruminal pH dynamics, and hepatic blood metabolites over a 150-d feeding trial. Housed in a Calan gate system, 120 Angus crossbred steers (291 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments: no VM (T000); VM for the last 50 d (T001); VM for the last 100 d (T011); VM for the first 50 d (T100); VM for the first 100 d (T110); and VM for 150 d (T111). Steers were orally administered 2 indwelling smaXtec rumen pH and temperature recording boluses on d -4 and d 84. On d -7, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140, blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture and all plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total protein using an automated blood analyzer (Carysta High Volume Chemistry Analyzer; Zoetis). Haptoglobin (HPT) was measured following a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model with the pen as a random effect and animals within treatment as the subject. Results indicated that VM did not convalesce hepatic function (P &amp;gt; 0.05), but HPT had increased concentrations on d 84 for VM excluded treatments (42.75 vs. 93.25 mg/L). Comparatively, T111 tended to have less time under pH 5.8 (2.50 h/d) when compared with T001, T100, and T000 (5.27; 4.94; and 4.23 h/d, respectively; P = 0.107). Therefore, VM should be fed from the growing phase to slaughter to capture the full potential of the product on animal health status.

Cytokine as an potential prognostic factor associated with absolute value of neutrophil and serum albumin in breast cancer patients.

e13007 Background: Cytokines are involved in many inflammatory diseases through various ways and play an important role in tumor immune regulation. With the development of molecular biology these years, researchers have found that breast cancer is not only related to genetic and environmental factors, but also to the chronic inflammation and immunity. But at the moment，there are few studies on the prognostic evaluation of serum cytokines in breast cancer. The correlation between serum cytokines and leukocytes was not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of serum cytokines in prognosis of breast tumors and their relationship with leukocyte characters and serum albumin level. Methods: A total of 75 serum samples and clinicopathological data of breast cancer patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were collected. The expression levels of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ) in serum were detected by immunofluorescence method. The absolute value of different kinds of leukocyte were determined by automatic blood analyzer. The concentration of albumin (ALB) was determined by bromocresol green method (BCG method). Univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the influence of the above indexes and clinicopathological features on the prognosis of patients. The correlation between the expression of cytokines and the absolute value of various kinds of leukocyte and serum albumin was studied by using multiple regression analysis. Results: A multivariate Cox proportional risk model was established by including breast cancer stage, molecular typing, IL-10, IL-12p70, absolute value of neutrophil, serum albumin and dipeptide aminopeptidase. It showed that different breast cancer stage (HR=0.415, 95%CI 0.191-0.902, P=0.026), and IL-10 (HR=0.177, 95%CI 0.038-0.821, P=0.027) were independent prognostic factors, Luminal B breast cancer had a statistically significant impact on survival compared with triple negative breast cancer (HR=0.193, 95%CI 0.067-0.554, P=0.002). The effect of other variables on survival was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis model demonstrated that the absolute value of neutrophils (b=1.498, t =2.938, P=0.005) and serum albumin (b=1.253, t=2.777, P=0.007) had statistically significant differences on IL-10, but breast cancer stage (b=0.635, t=1.776, P=0.08) and dipeptide aminopeptidase had no significant difference (b=0.952, t=1.715, P=0.091). Conclusions: Serum IL-10 plays an important role in indicating the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and its expression level was closely correlated with absolute value of neutrophil and serum albumin.

Leucocyte Profiles of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic HIV-1 Subjects in Irrua, EDO State, Nigeria

HIV is pandemic and remains a public health concern for many decades. This infection is associated with life threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies. The aim of this study is to look at the leucocyte profiles of HIV-1 positive subjects in Irrua, Edo state, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and forty four (344) HIV-1 subjects aged 17-60 years and of both sexes were recruited into the study. The HIV-1 subjects were divided into asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. One hundred and fifty (150) apparently healthy HIV-1 negative subjects served as control. The white blood cells total (WBC total) count and differential leucocyte count (DLC) were determined using an automated blood analyzer (Sysmex KX-2IN). Results obtained revealed that the mean WBC total count (x103/µL) of the asymptomatic HIV-1 subjects (5.04 ± 1.14) and that of the control subjects (5.09 ± 1.24) did not show any significant difference (P&gt;0.05). In contrast, the mean WBC total count of symptomatic HIV-1 subjects (4.14 ± 5.06) was significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) in comparison to that of control. However, age and sex did not affect the WBC total counts of the subjects studied. With respect to DLC, the mean neutrophil % of asymptomatic HIV-1 subjects (43.53 ± 8.84) was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05) in comparison to control (43.91 ± 5.91) .Whereas, symptomatic HIV-1 subjects (49.25±5.86) revealed a significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) difference in relation to control (43.91 ± 6.25) and asymptomatic HIV-1 subjects. The mean lymphocyte count % of asymptomatic HIV-1 subjects (42.19 ± 6.25) and that of symptomatic HIV-1 subjects (43.32 ± 6.92) were significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) compared to control (47.11 ± 8.33). Age and sex also did not affect the DLC of the study subjects. In conclusion, it has been revealed that the leucocyte profile of symptomatic HIV-1 subjects were significantly affected compared to asymptomatic and control subjects. It re-emphasizes the prognostic role of leucocyte counts (especially in low resource areas) in the diagnosis of symptomatic HIV-1 subjects in the study area.

Evaluation of Serum Biochemical Profile in Heifer and Adult Sahiwal Cows Reared in Maharashtra

Background: The Sahiwal cattle, one of the best dairy breeds of Zebu cattle in India and Pakistan, originated from the Montgomery district of Pakistan. The performance of this breed in the tropical environment is also better than other cattle breeds. Now a day Sahiwal is choice of farmers in Maharashtra as it is a milch type breed mostly preferred for Deshi cow milk production and for organic farming. Blood profile of an individual is an important indicator of an individual’s well-being. Normal blood levels of various biochemical components are essential for normal function of various systems in the body including reproductive system. Hence, the current study was aimed to evaluate of serum biochemical profile of Sahiwal cows reared in Pune district of Maharashtra. Pune district of Maharashtra comes under western Maharashtra plain zone with Grayish black soils. The annual rainfall ranges from 150 to 700 mm. Soils formed from trap rock are grayish black in colour and varying texture. The natural vegetation is of shrub. The area mostly grows paddy, sugarcane, pearl millet, sorghum and groundnut. Methods: Serum biochemical profile of Sahiwal heifers and cows were evaluated at different stages i.e. below 1 year heifer, above 1 year heifer, early lactating cow, mid lactating cow, late lactating cow, dry pregnant cow and dry non pregnant cows. Total seventy (70) animals was selected i.e. ten (10) animals from each group stage. All animals were maintained under standard feeding and management conditions. The blood samples of selected cows were collected by puncturing in jugular vein in heparinized vacationer tubes. Analysis of serum profile of 70 blood samples were carried out by using automatic blood analyzer machine (Miura 200 I.S.E. group, Italy). Result: The concentrations of serum cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, total protein, globulin, A: G ratio ALP, ALT and AST were significant in different stages of Sahiwal cows. The non-significant difference was observed in different stages of Sahiwal cows in regards to serum concentration of amylase, bilirubin direct, bilirubin total, creatinine, urea, albumin, magnesium, iron and GGT.

Frequency of Leukoerythroblastic Picture and Hematological Parameters in COVID-19 Patients and Association With Disease Severity

Introduction: Patients infected by COVID-19 can present with severe lung damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and have a significant mortality risk involving all body system such as cardiovascular (CVS), gastrointestinal (GIT), neurological (CNS), immune system and haemopoietic system.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: To determine frequency of Leukoerythroblastic picture, compare complete blood counts and cell ratios (NLR, PLR, LMR) of positive COVID-19 patients with suspected COVID-19 patients and their association with severity as stratified by mode of admission and clinical status.&#x0D; Place and duration of study: King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore from December 2020 to January 2021.&#x0D; Material &amp;Methods: 75 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 and 75 suspected patients of both genders and aged above 18 years were included. Severity was classified by mode of admission and patient status. CBC samples of all patients were analyzed for counts, differential and LE picture on Sysmex XE-1000 automatic blood analyzer. NLR, LMR and PLR were calculated in both groups. Peripheral smear findings were noted for leukoerythroblastic picture in all patients.Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, p value ?0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: Each group consist of equal (75) number of patients with male predominance. Mean age of patient in confirmed and suspected groups were 58±14 and 61±15 respectively in both groups. Majority were admitted in HDU and ICU compared to isolated wards (P: .000). Frequency of LE picture in both groups was (2.7%) (P:0.12) by Chi-square. Mean± SD were determined, of hematological parameters and ratios in confirmed and suspected groups. ANC (P:0.022), ALC (P:0.032), NLR (P:0.002) were significantly different when compared in both groups.&#x0D; Median (IQR) of Hb (p: 0.05), WBC (P: 0.000), platelet (P: 0.008), ANC (P: 0.000), NLR (P: 0.000), LMR (P: 0.016)&#x0D; were significantly correlated with severity, when analyzed by independent-sample Kruskal Wallis Test.&#x0D; Conclusion: Leukoerythroblastic picture is not associated with severity in COVID-19. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is important prognostic factor in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Effects of Different Kinds of Hand Sanitizers on Complete Blood Count and Leukocyte Differential Count.

To explore the effects of different contents and types of hand sanitizers on the complete blood count and leukocyte differential count. EDTA anticoagulant whole blood samples of healthy individuals were selected, and were treated with 75% alcohol, liquid hand sanitizer, and gel hand sanitizer. The samples were detected by the Sysmex automatic blood analyzer, and the capillary blood smear was prepared. The appearance of cells was examined under the microscope. The absolute lymphocyte count, MCV, MCHC, and HGB were significantly increased, while PLT and MCH were significantly decreased after adding 1 µL 75% alcohol (p < 0.05). By adding 1 µL liquid hand sanitizer, the absolute counts of lymphocyte, neutrophil and basophilic, MCHC, HGB, and PLT were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The results of WBC, MCHC and HGB were significantly increased when 1 µL gel hand sanitizer was added. The classification of leukocytes was obviously abnormal and could not be detected by the instrument. The effect of gel hand sanitizer on WBC was time-dependent. Pyknotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis of nuclei were observed under microscope. Three kinds of hand sanitizers had effects on complete blood counts and leukocyte differential counts, in particular, gel hand sanitizer has the greatest impact on the results of tests. Therefore, gel hand sanitizer is not suitable for hand disinfection of operators before the collection of capillary blood samples.

Evaluation of humoral pattern detection performance of Mindray BC-6000PLUS blood analyzer based on WS/T 662-2020.

Manual microscopic examination is the gold standard of humoral cell count test. However, it has some limitations and cannot fully meet clinical needs. Compared with the manual method, the automatic blood cell analyzer has the advantages of a high degree of automation, minimal error, high speed, high precision, and easy standardization. This study intends to verify the detection performance of the body fluid model of the Mindray BC-6000PLUS automatic hematology analyzer. This study was performed in accordance with the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) Hematology Analyzer Evaluation Guide (version 2014) and the requirements of WS/T662-2020 "Clinical humoral examination technique". The humoral white blood cell-body fluid (WBC-BF), humoral red blood cell-body fluid (RBC-BF), monocyte (MN), polymorphonuclear (PMN) were measured to verify the performance indicators of the instrument, including background counting, intra-batch precision, accuracy, carrying contamination rate, and linear range. Referring to the WS/T514-2017 (Establishment and verification of detection capability for clinical laboratory measurement procedures), the limit of blank (LoB) and limit of detection (LoD) values of WBC-BF and RBC-BF in the humoral mode of the instrument were established. The blank count of WBC-BF and RBC-BF, and contamination of Mindray BC-6000PLUS analyzer were zero; the coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-batch precision at different levels of each item was less than 10%. There was a high correlation between instrument test results and manual microscopic examination results (r>0.95). The linear range of the instrument was wide, and the linear verification parameters was good (R2>0.999). The LoB value and LoD value of WBC-BF established by the instrument were 0×109/L and 0.004×109/L, respectively. The LoB value and LoD value of the RBC-BF established by the instrument were 0×1012/L and 0.004×1012/L, respectively. The lower detection limits of WBC-BF and RBC-BF were set as 0.004×109/L and 0.004×1012/L, respectively. All performance indicators of the Mindray BC-6000PLUS automatic blood analyzer met the requirements of the manufacturer's criteria. This instrument can fulfill the requirement of body fluid sample routine test in clinical practice.