AutoCAD Drawing Research Articles

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Cost Houses in Java Island

Among all of the Indonesian islands, Java poses the highest risk for all types of disasters, making it a significant threat to low-cost houses due to its high population vulnerability. The objective is to enhance comprehension of it by conducting a building typology analysis concerning various natural hazards/ risks. The methodology consists of 10 sample houses field observation, AutoCAD drawing, literature analysis, and built environment expert interviews. The results developed four categories of houses emphasising brick or timber walls with a combination of clay tile or zinc roofs. Related to disaster vulnerability, an improper building structure is the main problem. Smooth roof material is significant in a volcano eruption, a complete interconnection of structure is a must for the tornado, light materials are preferable in an earthquake zone, natural material is not recommended for high risk of forest fire, and elevating floor is mandatory in flooding. Focus on designing the four categories’ houses and quality control of the construction process are two strategies recommended. Also, a minimum of two types of disasters in the area should be considered in the design. Resilient low-cost houses will have an impact on reducing casualties, environmental damage, and economic losses. Covering more samples and areas in Java in future studies will provide a comprehensive understanding of low-cost houses.

Application of Geographic Information System for Preparing the Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects

The information required for construction quantities surveying is not only generated by various participants in different construction phases but also stored in different forms including graphics, text, tables, or various combinations of the three. To report a bill of quantities (BOQ), the project manager has to continuously excerpt information from various resources and record it on papers. Without adequate staff and time, this repetitive and tedious process is difficult for the project manager to handle properly and thus reduces the effectiveness and the accuracy of the quantities surveying process which creates problems during the design, tender, and construction supervision of construction projects for designers and contractors practicing because receipts are based upon actual quantities, such variations have an obvious impact on the contractor’s cash flow, once the actual quantities frequently vary from the estimated quantities listed in the BOQ. Hence, automation quantity surveying system has been developed by using GIS to extract the data required for the quantity of different components of any construction project from AutoCAD drawings (spatial data), to report a BOQ after querying, manipulation, and analyzing these data. The system has been implemented on the construction project of Al khawarizmy College at Baghdad University in Baghdad. The main results of using this system are automatic generation a bill of quantity (BOQ) directly from design drawing, with overcome to design changing, accurate, fast, and effective method for estimating the quantities, fewer errors in cost estimating, and better documentation for continuously reusing information in all construction phases. The accuracy of GIS quantities had been proved by comparing these quantities with the quantities of site surveying. Then determining the accuracy percentage (A%) of GIS quantities which equals (98.85%), and the regression line that equals 0.999. These values mean; there are big correlation between the estimated quantities by GIS and the quantities of site surveying.

Development of an Integrated Construction Management System for Building Estimation

Project management are still depending on manual exchange of information based on paper documents. Where design drawings drafting by computer-aided design (CAD), but the data needed by project management software can not be extracted directly from CAD, and must be manually entered by the user. The process of calculation and collection of information from drawings and enter in the project management software needs effort and time with the possibility of errors in the transfer and enter of information. This research presents an integrated computer system for building projects where the extraction and import quantities, through the interpretation of AutoCAD drawing with MS Access database of unit costs and productivities for the pricing and duration of tasks, then exported to MS Project and MS Excel. The system was developed by using Visual Basic and ActiveX automation technology for combining the above software. The system, also, can calculate quantities of materials. The system includes digitizer (on-screen takeoff) calculates the lengths and areas of the drawings to which the form of an image and scanned. The integrated system has been applied to case study, a storages building for hospital 260 beds. The results proved the effectiveness of the system for the conversion of information from the graphical form dwg to numerical formulas xlcx / xlc and mpp can be handled easily pleased and software are covered.

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF UAV OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO LILONG HOUSING: TAKING MEILAN LANE AS AN EXAMPLE

Abstract. Vernacular architecture has always captured professionals’ attention for its unique approaches to construction, its typical way of integrating man and nature and the way it is used. Being a combination of traditional courtyard houses in China with townhouses in the West, Lilong houses or Shikumen houses are representatives of Shanghai vernacular housing. In terms of applying UAV oblique photogrammetry to preserving and documenting historic architectures, some studies have been done in China, but scant literatures are found on Lilong houses. This research is an attempt to preserve and document Lilong houses by adopting UAV in 3D modelling, to explore a rational approach for the application of UAV oblique photogrammetry to narrow lanes and to establish a collection of models to document the ongoing changes as well as nuances of each building more carefully. In this research, Meilan Lane is chosen as an example. Aided by AutoCAD drawings, flight routes and angles are designed. parameters for each flight are pre-set in GoodStation to send quantified instructions to the drone. A total of 4,531 photos are gathered and 4 models are built by ContextCapture Master. Two models with flight height at 40m and 115m are generated for macro-level study and two models with flight height from 20m to 32m are for micro-level study. Through this research, this paper elaborates the pros and cons of using UAV techniques in documenting Lilong residences and tries to find an applicable approach to building other Lilong complex models for more comprehensive studies in the long run.

A Study on Check Dam Design at Peat Soil Area for Peat Fire Management

In the past decade, incidents of peatland fires have occurred in Malaysia, especially during the prolonged dry weather between February to May and July to October of each year. The canal blocking system or check dam is commonly used to control water tables in peatland. The objectives of this paper are to review the common check dam used for peat fire management. Next to propose a suitable check dam for peat fire management and to prepare a Sketchup model. The case study at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) is located in the district of Muar, Johor State, with a total area of 3,797 ha. There are four phases in designing a check dam. There are four phases in designing a check dam. Phase I is to review the check dam that have has been produced before. Next, phase II is a design concept for a check dam that is suitable for construction on peatland areas. Phase III, engineering design, involves calculations related to engineering, AutoCAD drawings, and construction price estimates. Phase IV is the last phase to produce a model using a paper model or Sketchup software. In conclusion, the study manages to innovate a check dam for peat fire management at Ayer Hitam, Muar.

Design and Development of BRRI Solar Powered Light Trap

This research intends to design, assemble and evaluate the performance of an eco-friendly solar light trap to reduce the insect population in rice fields as well as to minimize the use of harmful chemical pesticides. An AutoCAD drawing tool 2016 was used to sketch the design of solar light trap. The main component of this light trap was bulb, solar panel and battery. Design of solar panel and battery was done considering by 5W LED bulb. A total of five bulbs with different colors were selected to test the insect’s reaction by visible light. Study indicated that ultra violet-blue bulb showed the best performance compare to others based on the high percentage of insect trap (31.22%). A 20-watt solar panel and two 4.5 ah batteries of 6 volts were used to operate the solar light trap. The current, voltage, solar intensity was recorded to check overall performance of solar panel. The solar panel generated more power in April than May due to higher solar radiation in the study area. Study suggested that only 4.26 sunshine hours were required to full charge the battery. The solar light trap was operated 5.5 hour in night which was sufficient to reduce the insects in rice field. Moreover, the light sensor was showed 100% functional for ON/OFF purposes. The dominant insects like yellow stem borer (YSB), green leafhopper (GLH) were mostly observed. The average largest numbers of YSB and GLH were 900 and 600 respectively. In conclusion, the solar light trap is eco-friendly, low cost, easy and self-sufficient in term of solar energy. Finally, the newly developed light trap could be helpful for manufactures, decision makers, and engineering community as well as farmers as a best tool to protect nature in comparison to other pesticide using practices.

392. 3D-DOSS – Using Digital Twins and Spatiotemporal Data Mapping for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Investigations

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light the importance of contact tracing in outbreak management. Digital technologies have been leveraged to enhance contact tracing in community settings. However, within complex hospital environments, where patient and staff movement and interpersonal interactions are central to care delivery, tools for contact tracing and cluster detection remain limited. We aimed to develop a system to promptly, identify contacts in infectious disease exposures and detect infectious disease clusters. MethodsWe prototyped a 3D mapping tool 3-Dimensional Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (3D-DOSS), to have a spatial representation of patients in the hospital inpatient locations. Based on the AutoCAD drawings, the hospital physical spaces are built within a game-development software to obtain accurate digital replicas. This concept borrows from the way gamers interact with the virtual world/space, to mimic the interactions in physical space, like the SIMS franchise. Clinical, laboratory and patient movement data is then integrated into the virtual map to develop syndromic and disease surveillance systems. Risk assignment to individuals exposed is through mathematical modeling based on distance coordinates, room type and ventilation parameters and whether the disease is transmitted via contact, droplet or airborne route. ResultsWe have mapped acute respiratory illness (ARI) data for the period September to December 2018. We identified an influenza cluster of 10 patients in November 2018. In a COVID-19 exposure involving a healthcare worker (HCW), we identified 44 primary and 162 secondary contacts who were then managed as per our standard exposure management protocols. MDRO outbreaks could also be mapped.ConclusionThrough early identification of at-risk contacts and detection of infectious disease clusters, the system can potentially facilitate interventions to prevent onward transmission. The system can also support security, environmental cleaning, bed assignment and other operational processes. Simulations of novel diseases outbreaks can enhance preparedness planning as health systems that had been better prepared have been more resilient in this current pandemic. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Monitoring the Construction Project by 4D Application of GIS

Construction technology is more important for project management, as it influences on construction schedules and monitoring. The construction commerce requires a very perfect preparation of planning, development of schedule and monitoring the construction process of the plan exertion which permits the complete optimization of the rate, spell and incomes. The paper promoting the 4D GIS concepts and integration technique and representation of non-spatial and spatial information’s such by means of drawing, resource, and prepared schedules in same GIS environment. s Instead of using the older, traditional methods of auto CAD drawings and schedule sheets, one can integrate them on a stage to create a 4D view of the project using GIS. The project presenting a 4D application of GIS in construction technology and management, by introducing Microsoft project (MSP) and ARCGIS or ARCMAP, which integrates schedules, 3D model of Building plan and resources composed through 4 Dimensional skill to deliver 3Dimensional + 1 Dimensional =4Dimensional Graphical picturing ability for monitoring the construction project site. In this project a G+1 building has been selected for the research in which all the working drawing are converted into 3D plan and according to it schedules are prepared in MSP software then they are imported into ArcGIS environment to get 4D output. This 4D output provides better visualization of construction work progress by which the engineers can trace the technical error of the project by taking better decision and can monitor the delay of work to reduce the cost overrun of project and rework can be avoided by early notification.

Interface Development of Ship Indoor Lighting

In this research study, a lighting interface was designed to draw lighting wiring diagrams of ships using a Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program. By means of the utilization factor method for calculating the lamp number in the cabin, the luminaires and wiring are drawn with an AutoCAD drawing. From the design concept and manufacturing cost, the VBA program can build a construction layout, indoor lighting systems drawing, description of the luminaires, and cost estimation. Illumination experiments can calibrate the lamp number and illumination correctness; last, we use ant colony algorithms to calculate the optimized path and reduce the costs. 1. Introduction Light is a basic need of people in their daily lives, and it can affect people's physical and psychological behavior. Bellia et al. (2011) and Flynn et al. (1973) explained light sources with visual and nonvisual effects in terms of different spectral power, and the traditional method of lighting design uses the lowest illumination and lighting position to achieve an effective average illuminance of the environment. In addition to considering the lowest illumination, the visible and nonvisual aspects of lighting design must be estimated by designers. In general, lighting design is affected by daylight, and the daylight is from the sun and sky; the intensity of light in the sunlight is reduced in the atmosphere by the irradiation direction problem, and the sky's illumination is affected by the sun's radiation (Elvegård & Sjöstedt 1940). In recent years, there have been many lighting designs using computer simulations that account for the effects of sunlight. For example, Ng et al. (2001) used simulation software for lighting to assist the interior lighting design of buildings after recording the sunshine data, which allowed designers to more efficiently control the building's lighting conditions. Li and Tsang (2005) simulated indoor corridor illumination; the simulation results would be detected by light sensors, and the compared results were used to predict the consumption of lighting energy and to achieve energy savings. Yun and Kim (2013) accurately predicted the lighting energy consumed by the integrated simulation method, setting the scale model parameters that are required for simulation, through the split-flux, radiosity, and Daysin daylighting algorithms; the simulation results were considered for comparing the lighting of the energy consumption. Díaz-Vilariño et al. (2014) used simulation software to automatically generate a 3D geometrical model that can import lighting simulation software to perform an illumination analysis. Jia et al. (2014) integrated a dynamic environment simulation and illumination algorithms to provide quantitative visualization for lighting and position, to simulate and evaluate the impact of the lighting system.

Automatic drawing technique for horizontal projection diagrams of exploration borehole deviations

The objective of this paper is to propose an automatic drawing technique for horizontal projection diagrams of exploration borehole deviation. In this study, a computer program was developed so as to achieve AutoCAD automatic creation of horizontal projection diagrams with low computational complexity. The main procedures include: the original borehole deviation data are used, the coordinates of the measuring points are calculated by using the average zenith angle and azimuth angle, the coordinates of the middle points are determined using the average borehole section length, and the final coordinates and the respective AutoCAD drawing exchange files are outputted. The conclusions are: the drawing exchange files can be called directly by the AutoCAD software, thereby achieving the automatic drawing of the horizontal projection diagrams of the borehole deviations. An example is provided to demonstrate that the proposed automatic drawing method is correct, concise, and efficient. And this automatic drawing technology provides significant advantages, avoiding the shortcomings of inefficient and error-prone method in the past.

Program for creature of longitudinal profile of riverbed by digital elevation model

According to program of the Government of Russia "Development of the water management complex of the Russian Federation in 2012-2020" it plans to conduct large-scale works on the restoration and ecological rehabilitation of water objects, as well as the construction and reconstruction of engineering protection and bank protection structures. To improve the quality and reduce the complexity of performing pre-project topographic survey and design work on very long and complex objects, it is proposed to use the program developed for constructing the longitudinal profile of the river bed. The program is written in the high-level programming language AutoLISP in the Visual LISP development environment built-in into the AUTOCAD software package. It allows in the interactive mode to build the longitudinal profile of the river bed in the digital format of AUTOCAD drawings according to the digital model of the terrain

Research on AutoCAD secondary development and function expansion based on VBA technology

AutoCAD is the most widely used drawing tool among the similar design drawing products. In the process of drawing different types of design drawings of the same product, there are a lot of repetitive and single work contents. The traditional manual method uses a drawing software AutoCAD drawing graphics with low efficiency, high error rate and high input cost shortcomings and many more. In order to solve these problems, the design of the parametric drawing system of the hot-rolled I-beam (steel beam) cross-section is completed by using the VBA secondary development tool and the Access database software with large-capacity storage data, and the analysis of the functional extension of the plane drawing and the parametric drawing design in this paper. For the secondary development of AutoCAD functions, the system drawing work will be simplified and work efficiency also has been greatly improved. This introduction of parametric design of AutoCAD drawing system to promote the industrial mass production and related industries economic growth rate similar to the standard I-beam hot-rolled products.

Improved Method for Determining the Height of Center of Gravity of Agricultural Tractors

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the method for determining the position of the center of gravity for agricultural tractors. Methods: The proposed method uses trigonometric functions and coordinate transformation. Data were measured according to the ISO 789-6 test procedures for the center of gravity of agricultural tractors. The height calculated using the proposed method was compared with that determined from an AutoCAD drawing. To find the center of gravity of the tractor, the algorithm for finding the intersection of the two lines was used. Results: The vertical height from the ground to the center of gravity is 682.06 mm. The vertical coordinates obtained from the calculation and the drawing were the same. Conclusions: The developed method uses trigonometric and polar coordinate transformation. The method was compared and verified with the AutoCAD drawing results. The results indicate that users can apply this developed method instead of the plotting method which is an inconvenient and time-consuming. Further, users can program Microsoft Excel to easily determine the vertical coordinate. In addition, researchers will propose this method to the ISO as a standard method for determining the center of gravity in accordance with ISO 789-6.

A remote measurement and mapping technique for orderly rapid aggregation of building stock geometry

Abstract Traditional surveying of building facades through direct measurement are time consuming and expensive to carry out and can breach home owner privacy. Replacing direct measurement methods with a remote method allows for the rapid extraction of facade information. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to remove the need for physical site surveys and to develop a Remote Cataloguing Measurement and Mapping method (RCMM) to extract facade and roof geometry data to support the construction of detailed 2-D AutoCAD drawings and Sketch-up 3-D models. The RCMM uses photogrammetric techniques through the use of static panoramic viewports from Google Street View© and aerial spot images from Google Earth©. This approach speeds up the survey process and generates large scale building stock geometrical databases remotely. Cork City's local authority housing stock is used as a case study to test the methodology with geometrical information successfully extracted from terrace house typologies. Measurements were validated against traditional direct survey measurements to a 5% level of significance with no significant variation found between results.

AUTOCAD IN THE OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

Operational management of the construction is usually based on information analysis systems, which are aimed at the monitoring of working schedule and volumes as consistent with predicated schedules. The result of such systems’ operation is traditional information graphics (diagrams, charts, etc.), which provides idea on the current state of the construction site and deviations from the planned settings. The author considers the visualization technology of construction of objects using an image of the situation on the AutoCAD drawings, converted into an interactive format. The article focuses on imperfections of the existing technologies of information support of the managers. The creation of unified IT platform is offered on the basis of CAD for creating an integrated information storage and visualization of the environment using electronic drawings and diagrams. Using interactive methods it is possible to illustrate the condition of almost any part of the construction project using these drawings and diagrams. E-drawings contain the basic information resources - estimates, plans, sections, specifications, technology, construction, etc. necessary for the calculation of indicators. The author proved that implementation of visualization is most efficient in case of electronic drawings in 3D format.

An automated high-granularity tool for a fast evaluation of the yield of PV plants accounting for shading effects

In this paper, an automated tool for the evaluation of I–V characteristics and energy yield of photovoltaic (PV) plants is proposed. The tool translates an AutoCAD drawing of the plant and surrounding obstacles into an in-house Matlab code that automatically generates an equivalent circuit representing the system, which is in turn solved by PSPICE. The plant is described at a high-granularity single-cell level, so that also the non-intuitive influence of small-area shadows can be accurately predicted. Nevertheless, the robust PSPICE engine ensures short simulation times.

Application of Layer Isolation Technique on Plotting AutoCAD Assembling Drawings

AutoCAD has obvious advantage on plotting AutoCAD assembling drawings at present, but the plotting speed and difficulty of assembling drawings are always two problems to puzzle most architects and draftsmen. Making use of AutoCAD drawings object property, layers and layer isolation function, a sort of fast effective drawing method is innovated, and it can solve the above problems perfectly. Practice proves that this method can be applied effectively to the plotting of mechanical assembling drawings, and it can obviously enhance plotting efficiency and reduce plotting difficulty.

Reconstrucción visual (gráfica, ilustrada y digital) del Templo Hampi

The existing temple complex in Hampi, Karnataka, India was extensively studied, analyzed and documented. The complex was measured-drawn and digitized by plotting its edges and vertices using AutoCAD to generate 2d drawings. The graphic 2d elements developed were extended into 3 dimensional objects using Google sketch-up. The tool has been used to facilitate the visual re-construction to achieve the architecture of the temple in its original form. 3D virtual modelling / visual reconstruction helps us to visualize the structure in its original form giving a holistic picture of the Vijayanagara Empire in all its former glory. The project is interpreted graphically using Auto-CAD drawings, pictorially, digitally using Sketch-Up model and Kinect.

Architectural Design Using AutoCad and Sketchup

Architectural design is a creative work, the final results of it is image and visually expressed in the form of drawings. AutoCad technology and Sketchup software combined with architecture design are the combination of computer application technology, especially the inevitable outcome of the development of computer graphics technology. Usage of the two softwares is not only able to design construction drawing with specification, beautiful buildings, and can effectively help designers improving the design level and work efficiently, this is the manual drawing. Mastering the AutoCad and SketchUp architectural drawings in other words is to have the advanced and standard of architectural design language tools.

Visual Design and Computational Analysis of the Hydraulic Support Based on MATLAB

In the fully mechanized coalmining face, all the main hydraulic supports have the four-bar connecting rod. The design of the four-link mechanism is an important part of the modern hydraulic support design. This paper has analyzed the hydraulic supports four-bar connecting rod design process according to the deflective mount of the top beam. Simplified support model has written kinematic and mechanical equations of the four-bar type hydraulic support. This paper has proposed a method which can design the four connecting rod of hydraulic support based on matlab and solve nonlinear equations of kinematics, and has compiled into a visual computing program. Gives an example of the design requirements, applying this procedure design and calculation parameters of the hydraulic support, and using the AutoCAD drawing to verify results, calculation results are correct. The program improves efficiency of the hydraulic support design. The application of this procedure can be repeated, variables are modified until getting a satisfactory design results.