Auto Mechanic Research Articles

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Auto Mechanics in Aba Metropolis, South East, Nigeria Who Were Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products

Background: Every day, humans come into contact with heavy metals in the environment. These metals are widespread throughout the world and are known to affect and create specific biological changes that may be detrimental to the body. Auto mechanics are known to come in contact with these hazardous substances during vehicle maintenance and repair activities, which may lead to the release of heavy metals into the body as well as the environment. Aim: To evaluate the levels of heavy metals that auto mechanics are exposed to from petroleum and petroleum products in mechanic workshops in Aba Metropolis. Study Design: A cross sectional study with a total of 204 participants, 123 of whom were auto mechanics and 81 of whom were non auto mechanics (controls), had blood samples taken from them. Place and Duration of Study: The blood samples were taken from auto mechanic working in mechanic workshop spread around four locations of Aba Metropolis during the period of May 2022 to November, 2022. Samples were analyzed at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Methods: The levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, and As) in blood were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1 was used to analyse the data from the study. Results: The serum concentration of heavy metals in reducing order, were Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd in the exposed individuals while in the control subjects, the order from the highest concentration was; Cr > Pb >As > Cd > Hg. The blood of auto mechanics had a significantly higher level of Pb and Hg than that of non-auto mechanics (p<0.05). Duration of exposure of the auto mechanics to petrol and its product showed an adverse effect from the results gotten in this study. Conclusion: Heavy metal contamination still poses a threat to health and well-being of the auto mechanics in Aba Metropolis.

Occupational Health and Safety Issues among Artisans in the Bibiani Municipality

This study sought to identify and document key issues affecting occupational health and safety among artisans in the informal sector in the Bibiani Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. To realize this objective, a descriptive cross-sectional study using the qualitative approach was employed. This was done after an ethical clearance had been obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Committee and prior consent was sought from all participants and managers of the study sites. A total of fifteen artisans participated in the study. The artisans spanned three major categories namely: fabrication, construction, and auto mechanic. A semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain responses from the participants through in-depth interviews. Valuable notes were also made from observations during the interview process. Data from the interview were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Firstly, most respondents displayed adequate knowledge of the concept of occupational health and safety, especially in the area of hazard identification. Secondly, most of the respondents showed positive attitudes toward occupational health and safety. This was evident in their expressed prioritization of occupational safety among all other factors needed to be productive at work. Thirdly, the artisans exhibited an appreciable level of occupational safety practices. Each respondent used at least one PPE on a regular basis. Finally, it was observed that the emergency preparedness of the respondents in the area of first aid responses and fire outbreak management was inadequate. The findings showed that there is more room for improvement for the artisans in the informal sector with regard to their knowledge, attitudes, and utilization of safe practices. There must be regular training for artisans to help update their knowledge and practices on occupational health and safety issues. The district and municipal authorities together with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must organize such training on a regular basis for artisans. Artisans must be strongly encouraged to join well-organized associations to make such training effective. There must be a national law targeting occupational health and safety issues for workers in the informal sector, with an enforcement regime visible at the local level. This will help improve compliance and minimize the incidents of workplace injuries and ill health.

Assessment of Availability, Adequacy and Functionality of Workshop Facilities for Effective Skill Acquisition of Auto Mechanics Students in Technical Colleges in Delta State

This study investigated the availability, adequacy and functionality of workshop facilities for effective skill acquisition of Auto Mechanics students in technical colleges in Delta State. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The instrument for data collection was the check list of workshop facilities titled Availability, Adequacy and Functionality of Auto Mechanics Workshop Facilities (AAFAMWF). The checklist was used to match the availability of the various workshop facilities in technical colleges in line with NBTE minimum standard to determine their level of adequacy and functionality. The data collected were analyzed using frequency count and percentages. The findings revealed that the required auto mechanic workshop facilities are available but not adequate. It was also revealed that most of the available workshop facilities are not functional. The study therefore recommends that government at various levels should double effort in provision of workshop facilities required in technical colleges. In addition, government should make provision for periodic repair and maintenance of the available facilities in auto mechanic workshops in technical colleges so as to enhance effective skill acquisition of auto mechanic students

A Quasi-Experimental Study on the use of Models and Students’ Interest in Auto Mechanics

This quasi-experimental study focused on the use of models and students’ interest in auto mechanics. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 203 Year I auto mechanics students of Technical Colleges in Lagos State, Nigeria. Auto-Mechanics Interest Inventory (AMII) was the instrument used for the study. The reliability coefficient of the AMII was found to be 0.81 using test re-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result of this study indicated a significant difference between the mean interest scores of male and female auto mechanics students when taught with models for hypothesis 1, and a significant difference between the mean interest scores of male and female auto mechanics students when taught with models for hypothesis 2. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that the adoption of the use of models in teaching different aspects of auto mechanics by Technical College auto mechanic teachers would help in arousing students’ interest and thus improve their academic performance and acquisition of skills.

Detail Experimental Procedure for the Construction Process of Robotic Devices to Teach Aspect of Auto Mechanic

Construction involves the translation of a design into reality, this involves a systematic and conscientious process of bringing together or assembling diverse elements or parts to form a whole. Therefore, special care has to be taken during construction as the design intentions must be achieved. The construction of a robotic instructional model is a task that can be engaged by an expert in the area of Instructional Technology. It requires several practices and devotion to the principles and use of elements of design. Also, the appropriate use of relevant tools, equipment, and tools is indispensable. However, for an interested individual, skills for model construction can be acquired by first having an adequate observational view of the real objects to get familiar with the forms and features of the object. Robotic instructional devices can exhibit gestures and body movements so they could be used by the teacher to explain a concept. Robots can create an interactive and engaging learning experience. The important factors that influence whether the robot is likely to be useful in teaching include usability and the availability of appropriate learning activities and content. There is a need of implementing some content of the curriculum through robotic devices. In the light of this view, this study shows the detailed experimental procedure for the construction process of robotic devices to teach an aspect of Auto Mechanic in Nigerian basic schools.

Application of Steam Enhanced Extraction Method on BTEX Contaminated Soil in A Nigerian Petroleum Depot and Automobile Workshop Sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

The contamination of soil in the environment is a natural consequence of industrialization and urbanization. Organic chemical pollutants dissolve into groundwater, absorb and adsorb into soil grains. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are major causes of contaminated soil. This is due to fuel leakages or spillages, various forms of hydrocarbon burning/combustion and land disposal petroleum base oil. Contaminated soil samples were excavated from two different locations within the Ilorin metropolis; pipelines and products marketing company, a Nigerian petroleum depot, Ilorin depot and auto mechanic workshop of over ten years. Steam enhanced extraction method was employed through injection of steam to contaminated soil from steam generator into soil pot where contaminated soil was placed. The condensation of steam on soil particles provides energy to release desorbed contaminants molecules from the soil and the mobilized contaminants vapor was transferred into the recovery pot via the pipe that was connected to the soil pot. After the remediation process, the steamed soil samples were taken to the laboratory where the sonication extraction technique was used to extract the contaminants (BTEX) from the steamed soil samples of 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively. The extract from the steamed soil samples of 30, 60 and 90 minutes was subjected to Gas Chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector analysis to determine the exact amount of BTEX removed after the remediation process. Pre-treated soil sample of auto mechanics workshop was found to be 4.5004 x 10-1 mg/kg and post-treated soil samples were found to be 1.8164 x10-1 mg/kg, 8.7519 x10-1 mg/kg and 5.7006 x10-2 mg/kg for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively after remediation process while Pre-treated soil sample of a Nigerian petroleum depot was found to be 6.6049 x 10-1 mg/kg and post-treated soil samples were found to be 2.9320 x10-1 mg/kg, 1.9855 x10-1 mg/kg and 1.0237 x10-1 mg/kg for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively after the remediation process. This study established the effectiveness of the remediation process of hydrocarbon contaminated soil using steam enhanced extraction method an In situ remediation technique.

Construction Process of Robotic Devices to Teach Aspect of Auto Mechanic in Nigeria Basic Schools

The 21st-century world is powered by technology. The education of any nation is to empower the citizens to fit successfully into society. The 21st-century world is ruled by information, only individuals with the ability and skills to utilize modern digital tools to access and generate information and knowledge can perform in the global work atmosphere. The technologies of today have completely changed the learning environment. People in the 21st century live in a technology and media-suffused environment, marked by access to an abundance of information, rapid changes in technology tools. To be effective in the 21st century, an individual must be able to exhibit a range of functional and critical thinking skills related to information, media, and technology. Technology has become more powerful and universal and this has provided educators with valuable tools to support learning. The utilization of technological devices in education has become familiar with the fast advance of technology in the 21st century. We can see a high potential particularly in technical tools which will develop the imagination and creative thinking of students. There is a need of implementing the content of the curriculum through robotic devices. In the light of this view, this study shows the construction process of robotic instructional devices to teach aspects of Auto Mechanic in Nigeria basic schools.

Effect of Having, but Not Consulting, a Computerized Diagnostic Aid.

Previous research has described physicians' reluctance to use computerized diagnostic aids (CDAs) but has never experimentally examined the effects of not consulting an aid that was readily available. Experiment 1. Participants read about a diagnosis made either by a physician or an auto mechanic (to control for perceived expertise). Half read that a CDA was available but never actually consulted; no mention of a CDA was made for the remaining half. For the physician, failure to consult the CDA had no significant effect on competence ratings for either the positive or negative outcome. For the auto mechanic, failure to consult the CDA actually increased competence ratings following a negative but not a positive outcome. Negligence judgments were greater for the mechanic than for the physician overall. Experiment 2. Using only a negative outcome, we included 2 different reasons for not consulting the aid and provided accuracy information highlighting the superiority of the CDA over the physician. In neither condition was the physician rated lower than when no aid was mentioned. Ratings were lower when the physician did not trust the CDA and, surprisingly, higher when the physician believed he or she already knew what the CDA would say. Finally, consistent with our previous research, ratings were also high when the physician consulted and then followed the advice of a CDA and low when the CDA was consulted but ignored. Individual differences in numeracy did not qualify these results. Implications for the literature on algorithm aversion and clinical practice are discussed.

Shortstop

Shortstop Kat Williams (bio) No borders, just horizons—only freedom. —Amelia Earhart At the end of the school day, the ring of the two o'clock bell was beautiful music. That meant the real day was about to begin, at least in my young mind. I raced to the bus as if getting there first would make it leave faster. At home, I ran straight to my room to change out of the dress my mother forced me into that morning and into my pants, T-shirt, and tennis shoes. Dressed as close to a ballplayer as I could get, I set off to find my neighborhood team. All boys. In addition to being friends, most were also classmates. They had just spent hours at school ignoring a shy, unconfident girl. Now they stood around me asking, "Can I be on your team?" "Who is going to pitch today?" "Can I play first?" Ah, finally. I'm where I belong, where I am good, confident, in charge. Where I can be me. On a baseball diamond. When I was a kid, sports, specifically baseball, gave me a place to be. There are people for whom solitude and walking through life on a separate path is preferred, but at one time or another, most of us want to fit in. Acceptance is the special mirror that reflects back to us a reassuring nod or smile, letting us know we are on the right track. Without that, only disapproval and distress come our way. We will often change our looks, our humor, and even our personalities to be part of a group we admire or envy. For those of us who are not blessed with wealth, good looks, superb intelligence, musical or artistic talent, or a brilliant sense of humor, fitting in is hard. And until we find even one place where we fit, feel safe, and even excel, life is almost unbearable. I grew up poor. I was a tomboy with a learning disability. I was an easy target for bullying. Since school and my appearance were unimportant to me, I did little to comply with societal expectations. As children, most of us are unable to understand complicated feelings, but I was aware of an obnoxious record playing on a loop inside my head: "there will always be something [End Page 97] wrong with you." I had an inner sense that no matter what I did on the outside, the inside would never change. On the surface, some of my childhood friends seemed to have everything going for them. Later it was clear that that was only a gilded façade. But at the time, given my muddy-faced, scraggly-haired, tornclothed, wild-eyed appearance, I believed I had nothing going for me. If you don't count luck, stubbornness, and baseball. Long before September 11 came to evoke a sigh and a shake of the head, the day was just my birthday. I was born in Valley Station, a working-class suburb of Louisville, Kentucky. My parents, TJ and Sara, were also born there, as were both my sisters. By the time he was sixteen my dad was working as an auto mechanic, and I don't think he missed too many days of work between then and the day he retired. When Mom was eight and my aunt was nine, they were orphaned. Because my mother was so keenly aware of how quickly people could disappear, family connections were always important to her. When my Uncle Hudnal was left alone with his five children, Mom, Dad, and I moved in so that Mom could take care of all eight of us, which she did in a house without an indoor bathroom. For me, a little kid surrounded by five older kids, life was great. My favorite memories of living there involve playing in the vast yard. Some of the games we played were real ones, and some I'm pretty sure my cousins made up as we went along. The boys played football a lot and as a child I did not understand why I wasn't allowed to play too. The girls only watched as they threw the...

Ecological Risk Assessment of Mineral and Heavy Metals Levels of Soil Around Auto Mechanic Village Wukari, Nigeria

Environmental contamination is one of the serious challenge facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. contamination occurs when contaminating substances exceeds their natural levels or when natural resources are use at a rate higher than nature’s capacity to restore itself. This study determines the levels of mineral element and potential toxic metals namely: P, K, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Al in agricultural soil around mechanic village Wukari-Nigeria. by means of MP-AES (4210 MP-AES Agilent technologies) while their pollution indices by means of geo-accumulation index and contamination factor. The results reveals that the mean ± standard deviation abundance of mineral and heavy metals in the soil was: Fe (20723.64±153.71), Al (3753.80±30.54) K (368.13±2.17), Mg (298.05±3.88), Mn (231.97±0.74), P (221.22±5.47), Zn (184.83±0.47), Pb (86.29±0.31), Si (64.27±0.43) and Cd (1.33±0.06). There was generally a significant difference between the concentration in the test and control sample (P < 0.05). While pollution indices show moderate to very high contamination of the soil by zinc, lead and cadmium signalling higher potential risk in terms of mobility on acidification since the organic content is moderate and soil texture being sandy-loam usually characterise with moderate capacity to immobilize heavy metals. Lead contamination can result in neurological and hematological dysfunctions, renal and hepatic damages as well as reproductive disorders in the humans while cadmium is known to have effect on kidney.

Microbiological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Oil-polluted Soil from Major Auto Mechanic Shops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

The capability of microorganisms to utilize spent oil in polluted soil from some major auto mechanic workshops in Port Harcourt metropolis as the sole source of carbon and energy was studied. Soil samples were collected from three (3) Auto mechanic workshops (Mile 3 Mechanic Village (N 4º48' 34.07'', E 6º59' 10.17''), Ikoku Mechanic Workshop (N 4º47' 54.28'', E 6º59' 36.42'') and Elekahia Zone H Mechanic Workshop (N4º49' 11.62'', E 7º1' 16.58'') in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria from depths of 0–30 cm, 30–60 cm and 60–90 cm at the same spot from each station. Soil samples were analysed microbiologically and physicochemically using standard methods. The control sample was obtained behind the Biology Building of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. The results of the total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts showed that the microbial load was high at a depth of 0 to 30 cm for all the samples analysed including the control. With 60-90 cm depth, low microbial counts were obtained. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts from the three mechanic workshops ranged from 6.8 X 108 to 2.3 X 109cfu/g while the total heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 1.3 X 106 to 8.0X 106 cfu/g. The spent oil-utilizing microbial populations ranged from1.0 X 105 to 3.0 X 106cfu/g and1.0 X 105 to 8.0 X 105 cfu/g for the bacterial and fungal counts respectively. Five spent oil utilizing bacterial isolates of the genera, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Proteus and five fungal isolates of the genera, Penicillium, Candida, Rhizopus, Fusarium and Aspergillus were obtained from spent oil-polluted soil in this study. The pollution index of the different physicochemical parameters obtained from the different sample stations was as follows: Electrical Conductivity (EC): Mile 3 had the highest with the mean of 12.50 ±0.0-13.20±0.0µs/cm, while Ikoku had the lowest with mean of 10.99 ± 0.0-11.50 ± 0.0 µs/cm. Ikoku had the highest pH level with mean of 7.0 ± 0.0- 8.5 ± 0.0 while Mile 3 had the lowest pH level with mean of 6.5 ± 0.0-7.59 ± 0.0. Ikoku had the highest Total Organic Carbon (TOC) with mean of 17.55 ± 0.0-20.60 ± 0.0 mg/kg while Elekahia had the lowest with the mean of 16.99 ± 0.0-18.0 ± 0.0 mg/kg. Ikoku had the highest Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) with mean of 38,862 ± 0.0-40,500 ± 0.0 mg/kg while Mile 3 had the lowest with the mean of 20,550 ± 0.0-30,000 ± 0.0 mg/kg. From the Pollution Index Analysis, Ikoku Auto Mechanic Workshop is more contaminated with Spent oil than Mile 3 and Elekahia.

Heavy Metals Contamination in Soils in and Around Some Selected Auto Mechanic Workshops in Ga East Municipal Assembly of Greater Accra Region, Ghana

Welder and auto mechanics face a number of occupational health hazards. In this study, distribution of nine heavy metals from soil samples collected from twelve auto mechanics and welders' workshops in Ga East Municipal Assembly of Greater Accra Region, Ghana at the depth of 0”30 cm for laboratory analysis. The samples were analysed for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, and Cd using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS). The results of the analysis indicate that majority of metal concentrations (mg/kg) in the samples were above control (background) levels and threshold limits recommended in soil samples by some countries. The level of investigated metals in the soil samples generally decreased in this order; Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd > Co. The results of the analysis ranged from as high as 313 mg/kg for Fe to as low as 0.30 mg/kg for Co in the soil samples. Quantification of contamination was high for Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb, moderate for Mn and low for Ni. The geo-accumulation index values for metals in auto-mechanic workshops showed that the environment is highly polluted with Cu, Fe and Cr, and to a lesser degree with Pb, Mn. and Ni. Zinc (Zn), Co and Cd showed moderate pollution status.

EFFECT OF COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION OF AUTO MECHANICS TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES

The need to improve students’ academic achievement in auto mechanics technology necessitated this study. The study investigated the effect of cognitive apprenticeship instructional method on students’ academic achievement and retention in auto mechanics technology in technical colleges in Delta State. Three research questions guided the study and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. Specifically, the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group experimental design was used. Population of the study was 237 vocational II auto mechanic students in the six technical colleges in Delta State. A sample of 114 was used for the study. Instrument for data collection was Auto Mechanic Achievement Test (AMAT). The instruments was validated by three experts (two from the Department of Technology and Vocational Education and one from Measurement and Evaluation Unit of the Department of Educational Foundation all in NnamdiAzikiwe University Awka. The reliability coefficient of Auto Mechanics Achievement Test (AMAT) was established using Kunder Richardson 21 Formula and the reliability coefficients of 0.75 was obtained. Arithmetic mean was used to analyse data relating to research questions, while analysis of covariance ANCOVA was used to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed that students taught auto mechanics technology using cognitive apprenticeship instructional method achieved and retained better than those taught with demonstration method. Conclussion was drawn that cognitive apprenticeship instructional method is an innovative and effective mode of instruction with capacity to improve students’ learning outcome. Consequently, it was recommended among others that technical teachers should use cognitive apprenticeship instructional method in teaching auto mechanics course so as to enhance students’ academic achievement and knowledge retention. Article visualizations:

Accidentalidad ocular en los talleres del Instituto Técnico Industrial Piloto de Bogota durante los años 2001 a 2003

This work made a diagnosis about the ocular accidents among the students who study in the different workshops in the Instituto Tecnico Industrial Piloto in Bogota. Firstly, accident statistics during 2001 and 2003 were recuperated and checked to identify what was the workshop with the highest number of accidents, the grade and the number of accidents reported. It concluded that workshops of industrial mechanic, auto motor mechanic, and metalworking represent risk for students’ ocular health, with the highest number of accidents. Grades sixth, seventh, eight, and ninth have more accidents than tenth and eleventh.

English

This research work targeted at the use of integrated pollution indices models of Pollution Index (PI), Average of Pollution Index (PIAvg), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Nemerow Pollution Index (NIPINemerow) in assessing heavy metals pollution in soils of three auto mechanic villages of Abuja. Soil samples were randomly collected with a stainless hand auger to a depth range of 0 to 15 cm and were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer of model Unicam 969 Solar to determine the heavy metal contents in them. Mean concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals from the results were observed to follow a decreasing order; Apo: Cu (7668)Zn (5360)Cr (1174)Fe (467)Pb (333)Ni (196)Cd (10.5); Kugbo: Zn(1587)Cu (1042)Cr (783)Ni (234)Fe (217)Pb (170)Cd (9.47) and Zuba: Zn(1190)Cr (767)Cu (512)Fe (279)Pb (250)Ni (127)Cd (10.4). Strong positive correlations exist between heavy metals which indicate same source of contamination, mutual dependence and identical behaviors. Results of integrated pollution indices showed that investigated soils have been polluted to various degrees ranging from low to high level pollution. This indicates deterioration of sites quality. Key words: Auto mechanics villages, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, heavy metals, integrated pollution indices, soil, statistical analysis.

Auto Mechanic Students’ Perceptions and Readiness toward Mobile Learning in Thailand

Access to quality education is now a huge challenge in Thailand with ever-increasing inequality between rural and urban populations. Existing teaching and learning facilities are no longer adequate. Mobile learning has been suggested as a sustainable and appropriate delivery mechanism to reduce this rural/urban education gap. Students are supplied with their own mobile device at no cost to learners or their families. Opportunities offered through mobile learning to auto mechanic education in Thailand were explored. Data from 384 auto mechanic students were collected and descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation and personal innovativeness were positively related to behavioral intention to use mobile learning. Furthermore, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation and personal innovativeness were the most significant predictors of behavioral intention to use mobile learning. Auto mechanic students in Thailand had positive perceptions toward mobile learning and the effect of students’ effort expectancy provided a better explanation for the adoption of mobile learning in auto mechanic education.

Development of Indicators on Automotive Technology Skills of Vocational Diploma Students: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model

Abstract The present research was aimed to develop indicators on automotive technology skills and compare automotive technology skills of vocational diploma students among type of educational institutions. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 400 from the population of 1,337 second year vocational diploma students in Auto Mechanic Department under the Office of Vocational Education Commission in Samutprakan, Nonthaburi, Phathumthani, Saraburi, and Ayutthaya. The research instrument was a 5 rating scale questionnaire with a reliability of 0.956. The data analysis were first order a confirmatory factor analysis, mean, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA. The findings were as followed. (1) The indicators on automotive technology skills of vocational diploma students comprised 20 indicators, is valid and fit to empirical data i.e. Chi-square = 98.314, df = 81, p = 0.093, GFI = 0.987, AGFI = 0.965, and RMSEA = 0.017. (2) The automotive technology skills of vocational diploma students among type of educational institutions were not different at a significance level of .05.

Bioremediation Potentials of Some Indigenous Microorganisms Isolated From Auto Mechanic Workshops on Irrigation Water Used in Lokoja Kogi State of Nigeria

Bioremediation Potentials of Some Indigenous Microorganisms Isolated From Auto Mechanic Workshops on Irrigation Water Used in Lokoja Kogi State of Nigeria

Desalination study of physicochemical properties from soils in mechanic workshops within Okitipupa, Ondo state, Nigeria.

Auto Mechanic Workshops in thestudy area generate waste containing hazardous chemicals Thirty-six Soil samples were collected from selected automobile workshops (five) in the study area at the depths of 0-15 cm, 30-45 cm, 45-60 cm, 60-75 cm and 75-100 cm. A total of sixty (30) soil samples were collected in five different locations in the ancient town of Okitipupa. Six control samples were also collected in a farm land about 3km away from Auto Mechanic Activities. The physicochemical parameters such as soil composition based on particle size in percentage, ranged 7.65-10.71 for clay, 1.93-6.99 for silt and 85.36-89.98 for sand pH values ranged 4.57-5.93 and electrical conductivity (EC) (?scm?1) ranged 31.67- 143.67. The percentage soil composition was in this order; Sand>Clay>Silt. Assessment of pH shows acidity increases down the depth of the profile and EC follows the same trend. Comparing the values with the control indicate the presence of soluble inorganic salts that is higher in the study area than control.

Making fun of language use: Teasing practices and hybrid language forms in auto mechanic student peer interactions

This study focuses on how auto mechanics students in an upper secondary school in Sweden use teasing in everyday peer interactions to comment on one another's language use. Data are drawn from video-ethnographic work during two years in a Vehicle engineering programme taught in and through a foreign language, English. The analyses concern how and in what ways normative expectations on language can be seen to play a role in building an English-speaking classroom community. A linguistic ethnographic approach is taken in order to explore how students’ teasing activities are organized to invoke broader language ideologies. It is found that students deploy teasing as a way of co-constructing shifts between different second language registers, linked to classroom language ideologies. It is here argued that engaging in teasing and other joking activities should be seen as conditional for identity construction and peer group participation at the English medium instruction Vehicle programme.