Authors Of Research Articles Research Articles

Stance markers in forestry research articles: Indicators of authoritative voice

Stance markers, serving as the primary discursive category of interactional metadiscourse, function as a reliable measure for evaluating how authors of research articles authoritatively foreground their research within disciplinary communities. Stance research primarily focuses on how authors or speakers adjust the certainty level of their assertions, both epistemically and emotionally. This study examined the occurrences of stance markers in each rhetorical move within the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion sections of forestry research articles. The corpus comprised 40 research articles randomly selected from five ISI journals in the forestry discipline. This study utilized Hyland’s (2005) model of academic interactions and Kanoksilapatham’s (2005) framework as analytical tools for identifying stance markers and the rhetorical structure of forestry research articles. The findings revealed differences in the distribution of these markers across the different sections and constituent rhetorical moves within the research articles. Overall, hedges and self-mentions emerged as the most prevalent stance markers in this study. Across sections, attitude markers and hedges predominated in the Introductions, while self-mentions and hedges were pervasively applied in the Methods sections. Boosters and attitude markers were common in the Results, and boosters along with self- mentions were notable in the Discussions. Finally, stance markers appear to play a fundamental role in shaping distinct argumentations across discourse communities, while effectively reflecting disciplinary voices.

A Comparative Study on Epistemic Modality in Linguistic Research Article Conclusions

Epistemic modality is an important and complex linguistic device in academic writing, which could help authors state their claims and positions. The conclusion is also a critical part in research articles, where authors summarize their studies and give suggestions. Many scholars study modality in many aspects, but they rarely focus on its application in research article conclusions. Therefore, this study compared the use of modality in 25 conclusions of linguistic research papers written by native English speakers and 25 English conclusions written by Chinese authors from a systemic functional perspective. It focused on the similarities and differences of the use of modality in linguistic research article conclusions from two perspectives: value and orientation. The results show that both native English speakers and Chinese authors are more likely to rely on low and median value and subjective orientation in their conclusions. The findings suggest that linguistic research article authors tend to make claims in a reserved and tentative way. Moreover, this study shows that Chinese authors are more likely to employ modal expressions and subjective orientation of modality in their conclusions, which may relate to cultural diversity and modality shift. The findings of the study may help non-native English authors to produce linguistic research articles in a more acceptable way.

Syntactic Choices in Indonesian Research Articles from the Disciplines of History Education and Law: What do Authors Prefer?

Syntactic studies within both spoken and written texts have been widely conducted. However, studies on this area within research articles are still receiving minor attention from academic scholars. Based on this limited attention, the present study intends to investigate syntactic choices within research articles from the disciplines of History Education and Law in Indonesian journals that receive the Science and Technology Index (SINTA 2). The reason for choosing these selected disciplines is that they have not been investigated to date. For the analysis, a syntactic framework from earlier studies was employed to identify whether research article authors employ simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. The results revealed that most authors from these two data sets tend to use simple sentences in all sections of research articles. The reason for this finding is discussed in the Finding and Discussion section of this paper.
 Keywords: Research articles, syntactic choices, the History Education and Law disciplines
 
 

NATIONAL IDEA OF KAZAKH AITYS OF THE XIX–XX CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the study of Kazakh poets’ aitys of the XIX–XX centuries, when the specific and syncretic art of the Kazakh aitys was revived in the western part of Kazakhstan. The authors study the national spirit and ideas in the aitys by comparing aitys to relevant poetry cross-culturally or cross-linguistically and map aitys onto the folkloric Russian-Kazakh legacy. The works of Abubakir Kerderi, Sarysholak Boranbaiuly, Kurmanali Dauituly, and Nurpeyis Baiganin are also compared. The authors of research articles about the problem of the national idea in aitys have proved that its historical development is a kind of thematic-ideological, artistic character of aitys, using methods of analysis, systematization and formulation. The authors argue that aitys is not only an art and genre, but also a spiritual value of Kazakh people, although also found in other peoples, but its development over many centuries is a national feature born of the nation’s attitude to cultural heritage and attention to the art of speech. The new aspect of the proposed method is the authors’ focus on the main cognitive purpose of the art of aitys being primarily to develop its own content and complement it with an idea, continuing the tradition of honoring and studying the spirit of a fully developed person. In particular, an expressiveness has been formed – the invaluable work of aityskers developing both oral and written qualities of a rich literary heritage, so genre development is comprehensively analysed.

The micro-dynamics of scientific choice: research project motivations among public affairs academics

Abstract Academic researchers’ choices about research projects to pursue are an important mechanism in societal allocation of research effort. It is unclear whether researchers’ criteria for project choice align with those articulated by policy scholars and philosophers. Many potential criteria for project choice are commonly discussed in scholarly and popular literature, but they have been little studied on the individual level. I review and catalog such potential criteria and then empirically explore researcher motivations for project choice through factor analysis of survey data from 409 authors of research articles in major public administration and public policy journals. I find empirical support for personal gain, societal importance, and intellectual interest as research motivations. These motivations do not neatly align with proposed ideal criteria for scientific choice. Thus, such criteria must be translated to speak to researchers’ personal interests to achieve expression in individual scientific choice.

Native experts and reputable journals as points of reference: A study on research-article discussions

The current study sought to compare the rhetorical moves and steps that native-English-speaking and Iranian authors of research articles (RAs) employ in writing up the ‘discussion’ sections of their RAs. It was hypothesized that the latter group is not as proficient in writing RA discussions as the former group. A total of 66 (N=66) RA discussions from three reputable international academic journals and three Iranian journals were sampled from years 2009 to 2019. This corpus was then analyzed by three human coders who used Yang and Allison’s (2003) rhetorical move analysis model for scoring the sampled RA discussions. Results showed stark differences between Iranian and native RA writers; the majority of the rhetorical moves and steps that are considered obligatory or conventional by the native group are seen as options by the Iranian group. With the native group and the reputable international journals being the standard points of reference, it was concluded that Iranian authors of RAs lack the professional knowledge and expertise prerequisite to writing standard RA discussions. It is recommended (a) that non-native authors of RAs receive professional training for writing standard discussions, and (b) that journal editors be more sensitive to rhetorical moves and steps before they accept a submission for publication.

The Academic Enclosure of American Archivist

ABSTRACT American Archivist is the oldest journal of the US archival profession. In its first several decades of publication, a wide variety existed among the institutional affiliations of American Archivist contributors. Since the 1990s, articles authored by archivists within higher education have almost completely eclipsed articles authored by archivists from other sectors, particularly government archivists. This “academic enclosure” of American Archivist has significant ramifications for the quality and richness of our professional discourse. This is the first article to track institutional affiliations of American Archivist research article authors across nearly the entirety of the journal's publication history. The author examined the institutional affiliation of a data set of 1,799 articles printed in American Archivist from the journal's inception in 1938 through 2019. This article contextualizes the trends in institutional affiliations by reviewing the editorial policies of the journal over its eighty-year run.

Researchers on research integrity: a survey of European and American researchers.

Reports of questionable or detrimental research practices (QRPs) call into question the reliability of scientific evidence and the trustworthiness of research. A critical component of the research ecosystem is the organization within which research takes place. We conducted a survey to explore the attitudes and beliefs of European and American researchers about the organisations in which they work, their own research practices and their attitudes towards research integrity and research integrity policies. We administered an online survey (International Research Integrity Survey (IRIS)) to 2,300 active researchers based in the US and 45,000 in Europe (including UK, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland). We employed a stratified probability sample of the authors of research articles published between 2016 and 2020 included in Clarivate's Web of Science citation database. Coverage includes researchers in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and medical sciences, who hold at least a master's level degree. In comparison to researchers in the US, European researchers admit to more QRPs and are less confident in maintaining high research integrity (RI) standards. In the US and Europe, many researchers judge their organization to fall short of best RI practice. All researchers recognize the benefits of RI, reliable knowledge and the trust of colleagues and the public, and there is support for RI training particularly among Europeans. To create and maintain a culture of integrity in scientific research, a collective commitment from researchers, their institutions and funders is needed. Researchers rely on many channels of communication about research integrity and thus the involvement of many different participants in the research system is required to make improvements. Policies must be developed to reinforce best practice rather than being seen as an irrelevance to the real business of research.

Characteristics of highly prolific PA authors who contributed research to JAAPA and JPAE.

Highly published physician associate/assistant (PA) researchers were surveyed to quantify experienced support patterns that may inform increased support of PA-led research. Publication volume of authors of research articles published in JAAPA and the Journal of Physician Assistant Education (JPAE) between 2011 and 2020 was recorded. PAs in the upper quartile were emailed surveys containing demographics and 25 Likert-scale questions. Descriptive statistics and binomial exact test were completed. Sixty-five of the 73 PAs were contacted by email; 26 participated; and 35% were female. Social support measures were high; respondents were mentors and mentees, who work collaboratively. Material support and educational support measures were lower and most reported no funding nor pay for research; they did not learn research skills in PA school. However, they feel recognized, and find joy in research. Successful PA researchers find joy despite low material support regarding funding, pay, and protected time. Women and racial minorities were underrepresented; research is needed to examine potential barriers.

Practice of High-Risk/Alert Medications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2022,11,3,92-103.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.16Published:December 2022Type:Research Article Authors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Randa Jaroudi, Hussain Mohammed Ibrahim Aareji, Faisal Safouq Alanazi, and Maha Hussein Almadany Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Bsc. Pharm Patient Safety Specialist Saudi Patient Safety Center Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Randa Jaroudi, BSc, PharmD TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelance TPN Consultation, SAUDI ARABIA. Hussain Mohammed Ibrahim Aareji, BSc. Pharm, Assistant Director of Quality Management and Patient safety, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA Faisal Safouq Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Pharmaceutical Care Services, MOH, Hafar Albatin, SAUDI ARABIA. Maha Hussein Almadany, Bsc. Pharm, Health Care Quality Management Professional Diploma (HCQM), Pharmacy Quality department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Madina Al Monwarah, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: To illustrate the pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alertmedications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists and practices, Basic and advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation, the High- Risk/Alertdrugs implemented in the following medication stages, and medications considered high alert or high risk at your institution. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 been done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/ Alert medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of the practice of pharmacists’ basic of High-Risk/Alertmedications was (3.81). The element “The risk medications is a part of medications safety vision” obtained the highest score (4.18), and the element “Policy and procedure of High-Risk/ Alertmedications “ was (4.18). Followed the “The High-Risk/Alertmedications is a part of medications safety Mission” (4.12). The average advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation score was (3.62). The element “The pharmacist share in medications safety committee for High-Risk/Alertmedications discussion” (4.12) and the element “There is documentation of potential impact and outcomes with High- Risk/Alertmedications “ was (3.85). The average score of High-Risk/Alertmedications implemented in the medications stages was (3.99). The dispensing stage obtained the highest score (4.21), and the administration stage (4.12). Most drugs considered high alert or high risk at the institutions were antithrombotic agents 332 (77.39%) and adrenergic agonists 330 (76.92%). They were followed by insulin 285 (66.43%) and inotropic medications 284 (65.97%). Conclusion: The pharmacist’s practice of High- Risk/Alertmedication is sufficient in Saudi Arabia. However, more expanded training in anesthesia and operation rooms has been successfully implemented. That leads to many preventive drug-related problems and avoids unnecessary economic burdens on the healthcare system. Keywords:Alert, Drugs., High-risk, Medications, Pharmacist, PracticeView:PDF (381.02 KB) PDFClick here to download the PDF file. Images Practice of High-Risk/Alert Medications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Knowledge of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Medications in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2022,11,3,82-91.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.15Published:December 2022Type:Research Article Authors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Rola AL Kenani, Samah Mukhlef Alzaid, Wafa Hussain Alshehre, and Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Rola AL Kenani, BSc. Pharm, SSC-PhP, Nephrology Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA Samah Mukhlef Alzaid, Bsc.Pharm, Clin. Pharm, Clinical Pharmacy Services, Gurayat General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gurayat, SAUDI ARABIA Wafa Hussain Alshehre, Pharm.D, BCSP, Drug information clinical pharmacy specialist, Pharmacy Department, Aliman Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani, Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: To illustrate the knowledge of pharmacists about CPR medications services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed pharmacist’s knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) drugs, assessment of primary and advanced knowledge, and the resources used for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than onethird responded from the Central region (122 (31.69%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern region (91 (23.64%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern part (79 (20.52%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14%)) versus 179 (46.86%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of basic knowledge of pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications was (1.67). The element “know how to prepare and dispense ACLS medications list” obtained the highest score (2.04). The aspect “there is an official standardized NCLS medications list” (1.94), and The element “there is an official standardized PCLS medications list” (1.93). The average score of advanced knowledge of pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) medications was (1.86). The element “know the compatibility of ACLS medications” obtained the highest score (2.31). The aspect “know the drug - interactions with NCLS medications” (2.27), and The element “know the drug - interactions with PCLS medications” (2.17). The resources used most about the CPR medications were Medical association literature/guidelines/recommendations 307 (76.56%), Peer discussions 298 (74.31%), and Scientific literature 293 (73.07%). Conclusion: The pharmacists’ knowledge of CPR medication was inappropriate. Therefore, undergraduate education and training of CPR medication is high recommended. Besides, involvement training for postgraduate studies is required to improve pharmacy staff knowledge of CPR services and patient outcomes in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Knowledge, Medications, PharmacistsView:PDF (346.17 KB) PDFClick here to download the PDF file. Images Knowledge of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Medications in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist’s Knowledge of High-risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2022,11,3,65-71.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.13Published:December 2022Type:Research Article Authors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Maha Hussein Almadany, Randa Jaroudi, Faisal Safouq Alanazi, and Musleh Samil Reshidi Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Bsc. Pharm Patient Safety Specialist Saudi Patient Safety Center Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Maha Hussein Almadany, Bsc. Pharm, Health Care Quality Management Professional Diploma (HCQM), Pharmacy Quality department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Madina Al Monwarah, SAUDI ARABIA. Randa Jaroudi, BSc, PharmD TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelance TPN Consultation, SAUDI ARABIA. Faisal Safouq Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Pharmaceutical Care Services, MOH, Hafar Albatin, SAUDI ARABIA. Musleh Samil Reshidi, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clinic Pharm, Allied Medical Services Hail, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: To explore pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing pharmacist knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists, the High-risk/Alert medications assessment of basic knowledge, and The Resources used about the High risk or high-alert medications. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 been done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/ Alert medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of knowledge of pharmacists about High-risk/ Alert medications was (3.71). The pharmacists familiar with prohibited abbreviations during High-risk/Alert prescribing medications obtained the highest score (4.42). The element “heard about the concept of High-risk/Alert medications” got the second highest score (4.39), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). Followed by the pharmacists familiar with look-alike sound-alike of Highrisk/ Alert medications (4.30) and know the narcotics and controlled medications (4.27) ), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The most used resources for High-risk/Alert or high-alert medication information were Drug information resources (Lexi comp-drug information, Micromedex, Epocrates etc. 345 (78.05%), and Scientific literature 222 (50.23%). They were followed by Health practitioners 206 (46.61%) SFDA website 157 (35.52%). Conclusion: The pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications is adequate in Saudi Arabia. However, an expanded basic and advanced understanding of High-risk/Alert areas is needed to improve pharmacy performance, patient safety, and quality of life in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Alert, Drugs., High-risk, Knowledge, Medications, PharmacistView:PDF (275.13 KB) PDFClick here to download the PDF file. Images Pharmacist’s Knowledge of High-risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia

Public Knowledge of Herbal Medicine for Respiratory Viral Infection in Saudi Arabia

PTB Reports,2022,8,3,123-128.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2022.8.16Published:December 2022Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Ghudair Tashan Alanazi, Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Murouj Almaghrabi, Ghadeer Alhazmi, Menwer Tashan Zaid Alanazi, Mohammad Almatrafi, and Ghaida Alzahrani Author(s) affiliations:Ghudair Tashan Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Diploma of Epid, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacist, Internal Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, MOH, Hafrbatin, SAUDI ARABIA. Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Murouj Almaghrabi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA. Ghadeer Alhazmi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah,SAUDI ARABIA. Menwer Tashan Zaid Alanazi, BSc, MSc, Senior Specialist Clinical Biochemistry Clinical Toxicology. Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Center. MOH, Hafrbatin, Saudi Arabi Mohammad Almatrafi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA. Ghaida Alzahrani, Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Aim: This survey analysis investigated indevisuals’ knowledge of herbal medications to treat common respiratory viral infections. Methods: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was sent to the public online, including questions on the responders’ demographics and questions about different herbal medications and their use to treat viral respiratory infections. Data analysis was executed through the survey SPSS program. Results: Four hundred eighty-six individuals responded to this questionnaire; 89.92% of the responders were from the west area, and 56.49% were in the age group between 18 and 30. The most herbal medications used for respiratory viral infections was honey 364 (78.79%), and lemon juice 327 (71.24%), followed by Ginger 288 (64.43%) and Mint 292 (64.04%%) While the least herbal medicine used was Sambucus nigra 26 (6.09%) and Licorice 26 (6.68%). The most herbal medicine not known among responders was Sambucus nigra 147 (34.43%), Sugarcane 136 (31.48%), and Radish 135 (31.47%%). Herbal medicines usages were significantly higher among males, except for cloves and miswak; their use was significantly higher among females. Retired individuals (p value<0.001), high income (p-value<0.001), non-healthcare professionals (p-value=0.003), age group between 51 to 60 years old (p-value<0.001), married individuals (p-value<0.001) all had higher knowledge level about herbal medications use in viral respiratory infections. The survey’s reliability was tested by Mac 0.96, Cronbach 0.958, Gultman 2 0.961, and Gultman 6 0.973. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about herbal medicine use among individuals in Saudi Arabia is inadequate. Awareness of the general public about herbal medications should be improved. Keywords:Herbal medications, Knowledge, Respiratory infections, Saudi Arabia, ViralView:PDF (228.57 KB) PDF PDF Images Public Knowledge of Herbal Medicine for Respiratory Viral Infection in Saudi Arabia

A Bibliometric Analysis of Scholarly Activity of Authors of Research Articles Published in the Journal of Physician Assistant Education from 2011-2020.

The purpose of this study was to analyze bibliometric data and trends of author contributions to the Journal of Physician Assistant Education (JPAE) from 2011-2020. Author data were collected from JPAE research articles published from 2011-2020. Publication history and h-index were obtained from Scopus. Data collected included first authors, last authors, and PA authors as well as trends in publications in JPAE . Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were completed. From 2011-2020, 200 research articles were published in JPAE; the volume was constant. Of 698 authors listed, 374 were physician assistants (PAs). Overall, contributing authors had a mean publication number of 19.6 (1-327) compared to 12.1 (1-163) for PAs. First and last PA authors had mean publication numbers of 13.2 and 16.1, respectively, and an average h-index of 3.2 and 4.4, respectively. The overall author h-index was 5.2. The mean number of publications for non-PA last authors was 32.9. Publication to h-index proportion was similar between PAs and other authors. The top 25 th percentile of PA authors published > 9 indexed documents, 3 times the number published by those in the 1-75 th percentile. PA author articles in JPAE from 2011 to 2020 were fewer than those by non-PAs but were as likely to have a proportionate h-index. PAs listed as first and last author were highly published. Trends suggest that when PA first authors work with PA last authors, there may be a more egalitarian relationship, and mentorship patterns may also exist within these groups. Increasing publication numbers from 2011 to 2020 for PA first and last authors indicates increasing academic contribution.

Landscape of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Cross- National Studies

The success of any venture or start up and economic development of nation does not just happen they are the outcomes of the combination of flexible business environment, government policies, planning, efforts and innovations of an entrepreneurs a right combination of all the factors results in achievement of entrepreneurs. The factors contributing to the development of any economy are labor, land, technology, natural resources, capital and entrepreneurship. Among all the factors key component is entrepreneur and Capital. In practice an entrepreneur faces many hurdles while setting up his enterprises. Financing is a major problem faced by most of the entrepreneurs hence it is essential to consider the various sources of entrepreneurial finance available to start a new business. In this research article author has made an effort to trace out the sources of entrepreneurial finance potentially makes it easier to raise the funds and develop the startups. The objective of the study is to identify the financial sources to start new ventures, and to understand the capitalization theories. To look over the literature carried in the domain of entrepreneurial finance and also to offer principle findings of the study in entrepreneurial finance.

Awareness of COVID-19 among Pharmacy Students of Pakistan

Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences,2022,5,1,1-6.DOI:10.5530/amdhs.2022.1.1Published:May 2022Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Kamran Khan, Aqsa Zaman, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi, Rizwan Khan, and Ghulam Murtaza Hamad Author(s) affiliations:Kamran Khan1,*, Aqsa Zaman1, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi1, Rizwan Khan2, Ghulam Murtaza Hamad1 1University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, PAKISTAN. 2Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, PAKISTAN.Abstract:Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered Coronavirus and has been a global threat. The objective of our study is to assess the knowledge and practice of pharmacy students in different Universities of Pakistan related to the nature and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2020 by using an online as well as a self-administered questionnaire. Undergraduate pharmacy students were considered as the study population. The questionnaire was outlined with 6 sections including demographics; symptoms; risk; action and prevention; treatment options; and distinguishing characteristics of COVID-19, cold, and flu. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences SPSS (IBM, version 22). Finding: Out of 1266 total respondents, the majority 863 (68.2%) were female pharmacy students with ages ranging from 18-26 years. The mean percentage of knowledge, awareness, and perception of the study sample about the symptoms, risk, transmission, prevention, and action against COVID-19 was found to be 56.43%. Conclusion: The low level of awareness immediately demands the update of the respective curriculum, conduct evidence-based learning, webinars, and mock drills to all the professionals as well as to the students of different disciplines by the Government and health departments. Students of health science should utilize their academic knowledge with a professional touch to assist the community to contain the disease. They can ensure the safety of people voluntarily by different public awareness programs to overcome such a global crisis. Keywords:COVID-19, Pakistan, Pandemics, Perception, Pharmacy, Students, UniversitiesView:PDF (447.84 KB)

The Practice of Scientific Publications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

PTB Reports,2022,8,1,26-36.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2022.8.4Published:April 2022Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah, Juman saad Mohammad Alsaab, Razan Alshehri, and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor and Data Analyst, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Sultan Mohammed Al-Jarallah, Bsc. Pahrm, Msc Clin Pharm, Head, Ambulatory Care Pharmacy, Oncology and Hematology Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Juman Saad Mohammad Alsaab, Erada psychiatric Hospital-Alkharj, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Razan Alshehri, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Tail, SAUDI ARABIA. Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Tail, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, we aimed to assess the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information and information about the type of publications made by them, the selected elements used during scientific publications, and the social media platforms where they distribute your publication. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel software (version 16). Results: A total of 543 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-quarter were from the central region (5 (28.55%)) followed by the eastern region (133 (24.49%)), with statistically significant differences between regions (p=0.000). Females responded (321 (59.12%)) more than males (222 (40.88%)). Based on nationality, Saudi nationals (351 (64.64%)) responded more than non-Saudi nationals (192 (35.36%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.000). The average score for type of journal for scientific publications was 3.99 with high scores obtained “article in the international scientific journal” (4.26) and “article in the local scientific journal” (4.22), with statistically significant difference between responses (p=0.000). The average score of pharmacist practice of unique elements during scientific publications was 3.81, with high scores obtained for the element “are your colleague’s reviewers” (4.10) and “spelling and grammar checker through special software” (3.95). The average score for the “type of social media platforms to distribute your scientific publications” was 3.33, with high scores obtained for WhatsApp (3.73) and YouTube (3.56). The scores for the single-test reliability analysis of McDonald’s ω was 0.939, Cronbach’s α was 0.935, Gutmann’s λ2 was 0.942, Gutmann’s λ6 was 0.976, and greater lower bound was 0.990. Conclusion: The practice of scientific publication by pharmacists was found to be fair in Saudi Arabia. An annual report about pharmacists involved in the scientific publication is suggested. We recommend improving the practice of scientific publications by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Pharmacist, Practice, Publications, Saudi Arabia, ScientificView:PDF (234.03 KB) PDF PDF Images The Practice of Scientific Publications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Cost Analysis of Separate Location of Emergency and Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

PTB Reports,2022,8,1,37-43.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2022.8.5Published:April 2022Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Mona Yaser Alsheikh, Bandar Awwadh Alosaimi, Raghad Abdulaziz Alasmari, Asma Saqer Alamri, and Yousef Ahmed Alomi Author(s) affiliations:Mona Yaser Alsheikh,* PharmD, MSc,PhD, FHEA Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Bandar Awwadh Alosaimi, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Raghad Abdulaziz Alasmari, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Asma Saqer Alamri, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Yousef Ahmed Alomi, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE Critical care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, KSA. Abstract:Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the cost of separated locations of emergency and outpatient pharmacy services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a descriptive, crosssectional, and questionnaire-based study. We used an electronic survey with a judgment sampling system to obtain responses. The structured questionnaire consisted of two parts written in English and Arabic languages. The first part collected demographic information of the respondents based on multiple-choice questions. The second part contains questions for measuring the personal cost, the salary of outpatient supervisor, the clinical pharmacist working at outpatient, pharmacist and pharmacy technician, secretary and Porter per hour, in addition to the cost calculation preparation time of each medication, the total prices of the overhead cost for the place, and cost of all equipment used for the emergency services. Furthermore, the cost of purchased materials and supplies plus non-salary cost. Face and content validation had been done through an expert reviewer. In addition, a pilot study was conducted by sending the questionnaire to some hospitals to confirm the validity of the questionnaire and the absence of incomprehensible or misleading questions. Data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software version 2020. Results: The total of judgment responders was 14 directors of pharmacy. Most pharmacy directors experienced emergency pharmacy, outpatient pharmacy, and pharmacy administrators six years and above. OPD pharmacy services’ total cost was (3509.64 USD) while the emergence pharmacy services were (1068.02 USD). The majority of the cost came from personal cost from OPD pharmacy 2542.63 USD (72.45%) vs. emergency pharmacy 826.4 USD (77.36%), and overhead cost 656.01 USD (18.69%) at OPD pharmacy while 144.93 USD (13.57%%) emergency pharmacy. Conclusion: The cost analysis of nonintegrated outpatient pharmacies and emergency services was high. Therefore, we highly recommend implementing new clinical pharmacy activities or switching to the Saudi managed care pharmacy model in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Ambulatory care, Cost, Emergency, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Pharmacy, SeparatedView:PDF (165.11 KB) PDF PDF Images Cost Analysis of Separate Location of Emergency and Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cost Analysis of Individual Outpatient and Emergency Pharmacy Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

PTB Reports,2022,8,1,12-18.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2022.8.2Published:April 2022Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Mona Yaser Alsheikh, Raghad Abdulaziz Alasmari, Asma Saqer Alamri, Bandar Awwadh Alosaimi, and Yousef Ahmed Alomi Author(s) affiliations:Mona Yaser Alsheikh,* PharmD, MSc,PhD, FHEA Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Raghad Abdulaziz Alasmari, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Asma Saqer Alamri, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Bandar Awwadh Alosaimi, Pharm D College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA. Yousef Ahmed Alomi, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE Critical care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, KSA. Abstract:Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the cost of Individual outpatient and emergency pharmacy services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a descriptive analysis crosssectional and questionnaire-based study. We used an electronic survey questionnaire with a judgment sampling system to obtain responses. The structured questionnaire consisted of two parts written in English and Arabic. The first part collected the demographic information of the responders based on multiple-choice questions. The second part contained questions for measuring the personal cost, including the salary cost of a head of ambulatory care or outpatient pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist working at ambulatory care, pharmacist and pharmacy technician, and secretary and porter per hour. The cost was calculated for the preparation time of each medication. The total costs of the place’s overhead cost and cost of equipment used for the outpatient and emergency pharmacy services. Furthermore, the purchased materials and supplies and the non-salary cost were calculated. All costs were used in the US dollar currency. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2020. Results: The total of judgment responders was six directors of pharmacy. Five were responsible for outpatient pharmacy services, and one was responsible for emergency pharmacy. The majority of the outpatient and emergency pharmacy directors had work experience as pharmacy administrators for more than four years. The total cost of outpatient pharmacy services was 1581.95 USD, whereas the cost of emergency pharmacy services was 729.86 USD. The majority of the cost came from personnel cost from the outpatient pharmacy (1288.15 USD, 81.43%) followed by emergency pharmacy (465.28 USD, 63.75%) and material and supply cost (205 USD, 13.01%) at the outpatient pharmacy and emergency pharmacy services (228.89 USD, 31.36%). Conclusion: This study conducted the cost analysis of separate outpatient and emergency pharmacy services. Standardized pharmacy administrative and clinical activities are required, and we recommend more additional studies with a large sample size in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Cost, Emergency, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Outpatient, Pharmacy, SeparateView:PDF (165.7 KB) PDF PDF Images Cost Analysis of Individual Outpatient and Emergency Pharmacy Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ivermectin and the Integrity of Healthcare Evidence During COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by a lack of clear evidence to guide healthcare professionals, the public and policymakers. The resulting uncertainty, coupled with changing guidelines as additional evidence became available, added to the stress and anxiety reported by decision-makers. Research results are key to providing evidence to guide healthcare decisions. Important questions have arisen about whether various interventions are safe and effective. The evidence found guides those making treatment decisions, and influences those selecting interventions for further evaluation in research studies. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensified, the effectiveness and safety of many pharmaceuticals was queried. Ivermectin will be used to explore the ethics of how healthcare evidence must be critically appraised, even, or especially, during a pandemic. This drug is alleged to be effective in treating COVID-19, with various studies and systematic reviews finding supportive evidence. Some of these have now been linked to concerns about fraud or poor research reporting. This article will focus on the scientific literature and how apparently fraudulent studies were published and influenced treatment decisions, on-going research and public health guidelines. Research evidence is critical during emergencies like pandemics, but urgency should not overtake ethical responsibilities to critically appraise (or evaluate) studies as they become available. These responsibilities apply in various ways to editors, peer-reviewers, news media reporters, and those making treatment decisions, including clinicians, policymakers and the general public. While research article authors have the primary ethical responsibility to reject fraudulent or inaccurate claims, the readers of health research must carefully evaluate all publications. To detect and reject fraudulent healthcare claims, readers need critical appraisal skills that match their level of engagement with those articles. The core principles of critical appraisal will be described in the article, and how they can be adapted for different types of readers. Exemplar tools that develop critical appraisal skills will be noted, with reviews of ivermectin's efficacy explored as examples. As stakeholders in healthcare evidence are increasingly able to identify well-conducted and ethical research they will simultaneously be able to spot and reject fraudulent reports and prevent them from influencing healthcare decisions.