Authoritarian Leadership Research Articles

The Crown must always win: Rethinking authentic leadership through ‘The Crown’ series

Abstract This research explores the theory of authentic leadership and the critiques on the theory by analyzing the portrayals of Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Diana, and Margaret Thatcher in season 4 of the Netflix’s series The Crown. Utilizing directed qualitative content analysis, we seek to understand how authenticity in leadership is manifested, its limitations, and the role of gender within this framework. The investigation highlights the challenges leaders face between expected role fulfillment and genuine self-expression. It explores the benefits and drawbacks of authenticity, the attribution of authenticity when the leaders deviate from the formal roles, the nature of the role as influencing the expression of authenticity (e.g., degrees of freedom associated with each role) and the complex interaction between gender and authenticity. In response to these findings, the concept of ‘leader bounded authenticity’ is proposed, suggesting a balance between adhering to the formal role and the display of authentic leadership.

The relationship of paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment

Paternalistic leadership is reported to have a favourable correlation with employee organisational commitment. This commitment is provided in exchange for the paternalistic leaders' care, attention, and protection of employees in both professional and personal contexts. Nonetheless, numerous further research have identified a negative tendency in this association. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) utilising PRISMA as the principal procedure, identifying 16 articles published from 2014 to July 2024 that investigate the correlation between paternalistic leadership and organisational commitment. This relationship is delineated through two frameworks: firstly, paternalistic leadership induces varying degrees of employee organisational commitment; secondly, organisational commitment serves as a mediator between paternalistic leadership and other variables. From these two schemes, it is evident that (i) a positive correlation exists between benevolence and moral leadership and organisational commitment, albeit with variations in the types of commitment elicited by these leadership dimensions; (ii) authoritarian leadership elicits a negative reaction towards two forms of organisational commitment (affective and normative) among employees, while inducing a marginally positive response towards continuance commitment; and (iii) organisational commitment as a mediator exhibits a "inconclusive" effect.

Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior with Mediating Role of Work Engagement and Moderating Role of Perceived Job Autonomy

This study aims to investigate the effect of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior in the field of education. It was hypothesized that inclusive leadership will positively affect innovative work behavior, which will be mediated by work engagement and moderated by perceived job autonomy. A sample of workers is drawn from public educational institutions in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 300 samples participated in a questionnaire survey, the results of which were utilized to analyze the final data. Online surveys were used to get information from public sector workers. In this research, a non-probability sampling method is used. The imbalance between productivity, learning rate, quality, and performance is Pakistan's biggest problem. Our education system should support inclusive leadership. Because of authoritarian leadership, employees face numerous challenges and problems, and their creativity is harmed in this way, so in the context of Pakistan, this study has a significant impact. So, in employees' creativity, leadership plays a vital role, specifically inclusive leadership, and this research helps to understand this relationship. The idea of this research is unique: to understand the relationship between inclusive leadership and creativity so that organizations would be able to survive in a more complex environment. This research has a few limitations as well. The first limitation is that not all of them should have been included in this research. Small sample size is the second limitation, as data is collected only from one source. Cross-sectional data was the third limitation. The fourth limitation is that not all aspects of perceived job autonomy were used. Strategies that not only promote and elevate employee engagement but also make it a regular part of work should be put into place by organizations. Executives ought to recognize each worker's capacity for creativity.

Authoritarian leadership in projects: An integrated model to understand the team members’ task and innovative performance

Although authoritarian leadership (AL) behaviour is critical to organisational performance, its impact in different cultural contexts has received scant academic attention especially for managing bespoke projects which require temporary organisations to be formed. Drawing from self-determination and expectancy theories, this present research develops an integrated model to interpret the underlying impacts that the two dichotomous groups of ALs (i.e. discipline- and dominance-focused) have on project team members' task and innovative performance in China. The model developed was tested using the data collected from 316 Chinese project team members. Empirical evidence indicates that psychological empowerment acts as a ‘mediator’ via which the discipline- and dominance-focused ALs can positively and negatively affect the team members' task and innovative performance respectively. Additionally, the aforementioned indirect relationships are moderated by outcome expectancy, implying a positive interdependency between them. This research enriches an understanding of ALs and project team in terms of task completion and innovation and is useful for developing interventions to improve project team performance.

Twenty‐First Century Autocrats and Their Followers: A Comparative Inquiry

<p>Leadership and followership have long been considered to be defining features of democratic politics. However, more recently, both conceptual redefinitions and real-world developments have put issues of leadership and followership in regimes from beyond the family of established liberal democracies center-stage. This article looks into the nature of authoritarian leadership and followership from a comparative perspective and in light of theories of democratic political leadership. As the inquiry suggests, the rise and nature of leadership activities in contemporary authoritarian regimes reflects both the turn towards more competitive types of autocracy and the aspiration of many authoritarian powerholders to be seen as democratic. At the same time, some of the most spectacular manifestations of autocratic leadership relate to democratic rather than established authoritarian regimes. While followers of autocratic leaders can control their leaders only to the extent that a regime provides mechanisms of vertical accountability, authoritarian followers, even in established autocracies, are not in all regards less important or powerful than their democratic counterparts. Many authoritarian followers do not just support autocrats, but actively attack and chase non-followers or followers of other leaders, and thus play an independent role in the legitimation or de-legitimation of leaders and regimes.</p>

Chasing the authoritarian spectre: Detecting authoritarian discourse with large language models

AbstractThe paper introduces a deep‐learning model fine‐tuned for detecting authoritarian discourse in political speeches. Set up as a regression problem with weak supervision logic, the model is trained for the task of classification of segments of text for being/not being associated with authoritarian discourse. Rather than trying to define what an authoritarian discourse is, the model builds on the assumption that authoritarian leaders inherently define it. In other words, authoritarian leaders talk like authoritarians. When combined with the discourse defined by democratic leaders, the model learns the instances that are more often associated with authoritarians on the one hand and democrats on the other. The paper discusses several evaluation tests using the model and advocates for its usefulness in a broad range of research problems. It presents a new methodology for studying latent political concepts and positions as an alternative to more traditional research strategies.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Otoriter dan Kompensasi Financial terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Disiplin Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening pada PT. Gudang Garam Tbk.

This research is based on a phenomenon about the leadership style of PT. Gudang Garam Tbk which is authoritarian. In addition, there is also the problem of compensation in the form of overtime wages which are unevenly distributed by PT Gudang Garam Tbk. In this case, if allowed to drag on, it can affect the level of discipline owned by each personnel. This study uses a quantitative research method. The sample used in this study was 80 respondents using the random sampling/probability sampling method with the ara sampling technique. The data analysis techniques are in the form of technical data analysis, descriptive statistics, validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, partial tests of the coefficient of determination (R Square) as well as path analysis and sobel tests through the SPSS program 25.0 for windows. The results of this study: (1) The Authoritarian Leadership Style Variable (X1) partially affects but is not significant on Work Discipline (Z) with a statistical value of sig. t 0.179 > 0.05. (2) The Variable of Financial Compensation (X2) partially has a significant effect on Work Discipline (Z) with a statistical value of sig. t 0.037 < 0.05. (3) The Authoritarian Leadership Style variable (X3) partially did not have a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a statistical value of sig. t 0.381 > 0.05. (4) The Financial Compensation Variable (X4) partially affects but is not significant on Employee Performance (Y) with a statistical value of sig. t 0.096 > 0.05. (5) The Work Discipline variable (X5) partially has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a statistical value of sig. t 0.000 < 0.05. (6) There is an influence but not significant Authoritarian Leadership Style (X6) on Employee Performance (Y) through Work Discipline (Z) with an r value of 0.076 and the calculation value of 1.292 < ttable 1.991. (7) There is an influence but not significant Financial Compensation (X7) on Employee Performance (Y) through Work Discipline (Z) with an r value of 0.118 and a calculation value of 1,963 < a table of 1,991.

Harnessing Leadership Styles to Enhance the Effectiveness of Secondary School Dynamics in the Vhembe District

The study aimed to explore the relationship between leadership styles and their effectiveness in enhancing the culture of secondary schools in the Vhembe District, South Africa. The study aimed to identify how different leadership approaches impact educator performance, learner achievement, and overall school dynamics. It also sought to provide recommendations for fostering leadership practices that positively influence these domains. A qualitative research approach was used, using purposive sampling to select 20 participants with substantial experience and knowledge of leadership dynamics within secondary schools in the Vhembe East District. The study collected in-depth insights into the various leadership styles practised and their effects on the school environment through interviews and observations. Key findings revealed a variety of leadership styles, from democratic to authoritarian, and their differing impacts on educators and learners. While collaborative and culturally responsive leadership practices enhanced school culture and performance, inconsistent or overly authoritative leadership led to challenges such as low educator morale and poor learner outcomes. The power and influence theory and Leadership trait theory provided a framework for understanding the dynamics of power and the traits that contribute to effective leadership. The study indicated that enhancing collaborative leadership, promoting culturally responsive practices, and maintaining consistency in leadership approaches are crucial to improving leadership quality in secondary schools. These findings contribute to the scholarship by offering practical insights that can guide the development of leadership training programs and inform policy-making in educational leadership, ultimately aiming to cultivate positive and supportive school dynamics. Keywords: Leadership, Leadership Style, School Ecosystem, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Trait.

Teachers’ authoritarian leadership and students’ well-being: the role of emotional exhaustion and narcissism

BackgroundTeachers’ leadership styles have a significant impact on students’ academic performance, physical health and mental health. Authoritarian leadership, as a typical leadership style, is prevalent in the teacher community. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which authoritarian leadership impacts students’ well-being. We also examined the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of narcissism.MethodsThis study is based on conservation of resources theory. We selected a sample of 369 students from a university in Sichuan province, collected data through two time points, and tested the data using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0.ResultsIt was found that teachers’ authoritarian leadership negatively impacted students’ well-being and that emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and well-being. Narcissism not only moderated the effect of authoritarian leadership on emotional exhaustion, but also moderated the mediation role of emotional exhaustion.ConclusionsOur findings enriched the research on authoritarian leadership and narcissism, and also had important practical implications for future teacher teaching in higher education.

Leader controlling behaviors and proactive behavior among police officers: perceived powerlessness mechanism

PurposeThis study explores how controlling leadership behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, affect police officers’ proactive behavior. Specifically, it examines how perceived powerlessness mediates the relationship between these leadership styles and officers’ proactive behavior.Design/methodology/approachWe employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares analysis to test our hypotheses, utilizing a sample of police officers employed within a regional police institution in Indonesia.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that both authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision have the potential to diminish or impede the proactive behavior of police officers by shaping their perception of powerlessness.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the broader understanding of how leader-controlling behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, impact the proactive behavior of police officers within the specific context of Indonesia.

Representation of Wangari Maathai’s Unbowed as a Metaphor for Defiance

Contemporary writers are using literary platforms to voice socio-political concerns. Women writers are fast emerging as the strongest section of civil society. Women writers, just like their male counterparts, question institutional abuse of political latitude by persons in positions of authority. At the same time, these women writers create feedback loops that have the potential to redirect and reshape strategies of governance and administration. These women writers develop women characters that exhibit a peculiarly courageous or risky act of resistance. They defy authoritarian political leadership and stand for what they believe in, yet their works remain largely unexplored. It is in this context that this study examines the depiction of Wangari Maathai's Unbowed as a metaphor for defiance against oppressive socio-political systems. The analysis of this autobiographical text is anchored on Marxist and post-colonial literary theories, as advanced by Tyson (2002) and Spivak (2010), respectively. By unearthing defiant modes of protest, the heterogeneity of resistance is affirmed, and a new domain where art encounters the political is revealed. Maathai’s Unbowed defies conventional literary traditions, steps over the boundary into the domain of socio-political activism and uses her life stories to demonstrate that the subaltern – women’s voices that erstwhile muffled – can now speak and meaningfully contribute to clamour for social justice. The outcomes of this study serve as a key reference point for literary scholarship on social equality, governance and political dissidence.

Unveiling the Influence of High School Principals’ Leadership Behaviors on Organizational Motivation: Teachers’ Perspectives

The role of principal in a school context is multidimensional and complex. On one hand the principal manages the school matters as leader and on the other does an academic responsibility. There is a lack of studies to tell about the effect of leadership behaviour on teachers’ motivation to work in a high school context. This study examines the relationship between principals’ leadership behaviour and its relationship with teachers’ organizational motivation in a high school context. Data were collected from 220 teachers based on convenient sampling approach in district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Two scales such as leadership behaviour scale and organizational motivation scale were used as a tool of data collection. The collected data were analyzed using the spearman r correlation coefficient technique. Total five hypotheses were formulated to test the perceptions of teachers out of which only one was accepted and four were rejected. The results of the study revealed that there was strong negative correlation between dictatorial leadership behaviour and teachers’ organizational motivation. However, a strong positive correlation was found between supportive, participative and achievement oriented behaviour and teachers’ organizational motivation. The study concluded that teachers’ motivation reduces under a dictatorial leadership, whereas, teachers’ motivation increase under supportive, participative and achievement oriented leadership environment. It is suggested that the results of this study may be replicated or further studied in other context for better understanding.

Effective Leadership in Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasah Tsnawiyah

The principal's efforts in improving the quality of education at MTs Nurul Hidayah Tegalsiwalan Probolinggo can be seen from various aspects, including curriculum objectives, teaching staff, teaching methodologies, facilities, and evaluations. These aspects still contain problems that have yet to be resolved entirely. Therefore, to enhance the quality of education at the madrasa, strong leadership from the head of the madrasa is essential. The research findings indicate the following: improving teacher professionalism, enhancing the quality of facilities, improving the quality of learning, and increasing student achievement. The head of the madrasa includes position themselves as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisors, leaders, innovators, and motivators. Supporting factors include a charismatic and authoritative leadership style, managerial skills, effective communication abilities, and a flexible, non-authoritarian attitude. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include limited and inadequate facilities, minimal support from the institution, and a lack of training in managerial or leadership styles.

School Heads’ Leadership Style and Teachers’ Performance

The leadership style adopted by school heads can significantly impact teachers’ performance and overall school climate. In this context, this study aimed to determine the school heads’ leadership styles and their relation to teachers’ performance in a medium-sized division in a component city in the central Philippines. Data for this descriptive-correlational study was collected from 84 respondents using a survey questionnaire that has passed the rigorous validity and reliability tests. Data gathered showed that participative leadership style was the most prevalent among school heads. Furthermore, the teachers’ performance was very satisfactory for the Academic Year 2021- 2022. Authoritarian and delegative leadership styles were not significant in the comparative analysis of the level of school heads’ leadership styles. Subsequently, there was a significant relationship between school heads’ leadership styles and the level of teachers’ performance. The result of this study calls for strengthening the seminars and training to equip the school heads and to expand their leadership style in managing their respective schools to maximize their full potential in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. Keywords: School heads’ leadership styles, teachers’ performance, autocratic leadership style, participative leadership style, delegative leadership style, Negros Occidental, Philippines

The Mediating Effect of Charismatic Leadership on Teachers’ Engagement and Performance, Basis for Strategic Professional Program

The construction and development of first-class disciplines in universities not only require academic leaders with profound academic achievements, but also require school administrators to have excellent leadership abilities and play a crucial leadership role in university construction and teacher growth. This article is based on the concept of charismatic authoritative leadership proposed by German sociologist Max Weber, combined with numerous research results on the impact of charismatic leadership on organizational performance in Eastern and Western cultures. Using Chengdu University of Information Technology as the sampling institution, a sample survey was conducted on in-service teachers and staff. The exploration of "charismatic leadership" in universities can help guide organizations towards the right direction, lead scientific research and innovation in disciplines, and guide teachers to form a good team spirit. Through empirical research, we can find that charismatic leadership has a positive impact on job performance. The above research has certain guiding significance for improving employee job performance, reducing management costs, and enhancing employee happiness and satisfaction in the context of Chinese university management.

Leaders’ capabilities and organizational efficiency: Evidence from the national taxation bureaucracy in China

Tax authority leaders have a significant impact on organizational efficiency, which is mainly manifested in tax collection efficiency. Based on provincial tax administrative data and data on listed companies from 1998 to 2017, we examine the impact of the capabilities of leaders of the National Taxation Bureaucracy (NTB) on tax collection efficiency. We adopt the fixed effects approach and isolate the individual effects of NTB directors as a proxy of leaders’ capabilities. We find that directors with stronger capabilities enhance tax revenue growth and complete tax revenue tasks by affecting corporate income taxes. The findings suggest that more capable directors are found to severely combat tax evasion and avoidance. Specifically, taxable income approved by the NTB, preferential tax policies and tax auditing have been used to combat tax evasion. We also clarify the boundaries of leaders’ capabilities. We provide supportive evidence for leaders’ individual impact on tax collection efficiency and enrich the study of tax collection and administration.

Authoritarian leadership and its effect on knowledge hiding with a mediating role for bureaucracy

Authoritarian leadership and its effect on knowledge hiding with a mediating role for bureaucracy

Europe’s Leadership Void

Europe’s successful embrace of its geopolitical potential in a multipolar world will require both greater cohesion and an enhanced ability to act globally. Europe’s three major powers – France, Germany and the United Kingdom – have managed to either stave off or recover from right-wing populism, and have dealt competently with the Russia–Ukraine war. But they are currently too riven by internal politics or historical prejudices to take the lead in Europe. Relief from domestic political dysfunction may therefore rest with the European Union itself. Under Ursula von der Leyen’s authoritative leadership, the European Commission has become the most decisive and capable political actor in Europe. This was demonstrated by its imaginative response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and through its comprehensive Russian sanctions regime in 2022. However, only another crisis – such as a second Donald Trump presidential term – is likely to generate the momentum for the commission to re-emerge as the engine for further European integration.

Pembacaan Progresif Ayat Feminis: Telaah Penafsiran Sahiron Syamsuddin dan Asghar Ali Engineer atas QS. An-Nisā’ [4]: 34

The classical mufasirs’ interpretation of QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 often leads to gender bias. An understanding that tends to be literal-scripturalistic-normative implies a view that the superiority of men over women is considered an Islamic decree. This article aims to examine the extent to which the verse is understood based on the views of two figures, namely Sahiron Syamsuddin and Asghar Ali Engineer. Based on library research, and through a textual analysis approach to the interpretation of the two figures above, this research shows that QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 is not simply seen as a normative verse as understood by classical mufasirs and some modern mufasirs, but also as a verse that describes the real conditions of the Arab family system at the time of the Prophet which is being morally organised by the Qur’an. So, in addition to being normative, the verse must also be understood as a historical-cultural verse. Thus, the authority of family leadership is no longer understood as a private space belonging to men alone, but is determined by the prevailing system culture. In a matriarchal family system, a wife can be a leader, as well as in a collective system, as long as the leadership provides justice and benefits for the family.

Don't you know that you're toxic? Regression model of a toxic workplace environment identification

The aim of this paper is to identify key relevant characteristics of pathological workplaces and their importance via logistic regression and the creation of the model that would be based on this method. Online questionnaire survey was used for collecting the data. It has been realized in 2023 on the sample of 489 respondents. These respondents were employees of companies that operated in the Slovak Republic. The model itself has been developed using logistic regression. The model has identified relevant characteristics of the pathological workplace: 1) sectoral type of the company; 2) type of corporate culture; 3) type of leadership. Toxic workplaces are present mostly in companies from accommodation and catering services where personal culture and authoritative leadership take place. With the same profile of corporate culture and leadership, also sectors of education, healthcare, and social assistance have been detected as more likely to be endangered by toxicity. However, little is known about the characteristics of pathological workplaces, which could help to prevent unhealthy relationships between managers and employees and lead the company to more effective production and operation on the market. The research abstracts from the generational specifics of subjects who are involved in the pathological working schemes.