Negotiation Of Authority Research Articles

“What do you want to do?”: expertise tension and authority negotiation in emergency nurse–physician interactions

“What do you want to do?”: expertise tension and authority negotiation in emergency nurse–physician interactions

Influences of Social Class on the Negotiation of Authority and Community in Practice of Islam in America

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study of religious practice in a working-class and middle-class Muslim American community. Given the small sample size (N = 18), this study is exploratory and suggests avenues for future research on social class and religious practice among Muslim Americans. The results indicate that different social classes have different views regarding the proper role of religion in their lives. Moreover, social class provides people with unequal resources to meet certain demands placed on them by their religious community and society in general. Other aspects of community life (e.g., social networks) also intervene and mediate institutional relationships and affect religious practice. The social and cultural elements that facilitate perceived compliance with a particular interpretation of religious praxis can be analysed in terms of social and cultural capital. This study suggests that social and cultural capital can help scholars understand differences in religious practice among Muslims across different localities and classes.

A collection of no authority: canon law and the Collectio 91 capitulorum

Normative texts need to be authoritative to be effective in communicating norms and rules. Recent scholarship has shown a renewed interest in the authoritative status of the texts within early medieval works of canon law and the ways in which authority is reflected in the practice of attribution, promulgation, or organization. A small canonical collection known as the Collectio 91 capitulorum appears to flout the received knowledge. The current article presents this modest collection. It explores the relationship between ‘authority’ and canon law in general, and examines the negotiation of authority within this collection in particular.

University teaching development workshops as sites of joint decision-making: Negotiations of authority in academic cultures

University teaching development workshops as sites of joint decision-making: Negotiations of authority in academic cultures

Tensions between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes in the Renewal and Regeneration Interventions in Naples

This paper provides some insights contributing to the governance processes toward the creation of a future urban agenda of the city of Naples. In line with this purpose, the paper focuses on the phenomenon of urban renewal and regeneration and how top-down or bottom-up processes interact through the shaping of empty spaces, here generically defined urban voids. The transformation processes that would affect urban and social processes inevitably have to face up with some tensions that consist of claims about a range of socio-spatial “rights to the city” (Lefebvre, 1996). It is, more generally, the right to experience the spaces of the city, to feel part of them, to feel themselves responsible for them, and above all to manage these spaces. However, the set of urban and social conflicts, which generally involves citizens, inhabitants, movements, governments, but also other institutions, generate specific clusters that fight on oppositional goal in the ultimate aim of revealed or undermined the legitimacy of local city governance. In this sense, urban and social conflicts can be both understood as a negotiation of authority, prevalence, and strength of the images of cities and the development trajectories that emerge from the vision assessed by the different groups that experience the city life. Since Naples is a large and complex metropolitan city—transgressive and full of conflictual dynamics—it is difficult to talk about its dynamics in manage the local governance of spaces and way of experience life in these spaces. Taking into account this reflection, with the intent to understand some complex phenomena that modify appearance and character of the city space, the aim of this paper is to give a sense, a shape and a dimension to specific urban and social processes that directly affect local city governance. These phenomena are renewal and regeneration experiences—both in urban and social sense—linked to the actions of a multiplicity of actors that implements top-down and bottom-up interventions on the city space interact through the shaping of empty spaces here generically defined urban voids. For return the considered complexity, this study uses a visual methodology to investigate the fragmented space of mining behind the analysed processes. The implemented technique go through the collection of data on renewal and regeneration processes by mapping these starting from a series of interviews to key informers involved in these processes and from them particular perception of events, dynamics and use, reuse and meaning attributed to the city space. Through this technique, it is growing a general spatial reasoning about the images of the city that the multiplicity of local actors have in mind. What arise from this way of reasoning are contrasting and very different points of view of city perceived as fragmented in many specific sections affected by dissimilar degree of urban void connotation. The collected result allows us to conceptualize a typological scheme of future development trajectories for the city. In addition, a step forward to the constituted typology is to go in depth on a specific part of the city, in order to understand more closely the local dynamics shaping local governance: the Old Town. After the presentation of this specific case, what it is reached are open questions rather than real conclusions that helping in shape the research lines on which forthcoming attention is needed in the desire to develop a more articulated discourse aimed at creating a Future Urban Agenda for Naples. Moreover, all these elements can become useful instruments through whom it can be possible to learn from the urban and social conflicts and dynamics, from the practice of governance and from the struggles of everyday urban and social life.

Un/Doing authority and social inequality: understanding mutual vulnerability in pupil-teacher relations and challenging situations

ABSTRACT Authority is a central issue for teachers and refers to the leadership relationship between teachers and pupils for the purpose of initiating learning. A review of the current state of research shows that the interplay between authority and social inequality has seldom been investigated to date. That is the starting point for the present ethnographic research project. It adopts a sociological and socio-philosophical perspective on the relevance of social background in negotiations of authority between pupils and teachers in inclusive primary schools in Germany. With respect to the developed concept of un/doing authority, it shows that the aspect of vulnerability is particularly important in these interactions. The study comes to the following conclusion: the mutual vulnerability of “good” pupils and teachers is recognised, whereas teachers’ relationships with “bad” pupils show a mutual violation that can often be understood as a re-enactment of social inequalities and future educational exclusion.

Science at the Zoo: An Introduction

Was the zoological garden a place for science in the 19th and 20th centuries? This question cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. Rather, this Special Issue suggests, we need to reconstruct how the concrete conditions of the zoo as an institution influenced, enabled, triggered, facilitated, obstructed, or impeded scientific research. The zoo was and is a multifunctional space serving different constituencies, such as scientists of different disciplines, artists, breeders, and the general public. This collection of articles argues that despite or even because of its hybrid character, the zoo generated knowledge about exotic animals in often unexpected ways. This Special Issue conceives of “science at the zoo” as a an “impure,” yet very rich epistemic constellation with its very own dynamic, tensions, and contradictions. The first part of this introduction provides a historical overview of the topic. Synthesizing the existing secondary literature, it addresses the major themes of science at the zoo: the debate among scientists about the pros and cons of research conducted in and outside the cages; the gap between the promise of doing research at the zoo and the actual practices; and the emergence of new fields of knowledge such as zoo veterinary medicine, zoo biology, and conservation science. The introduction's second part draws out the common topics that connect the eight articles of this Special Issue: the multiplicity of spaces interacting with the zoo; the broad range of historical actors, including academics, animal traders, and zoo keepers; the changing roles of the zoo-going public; and the negotiation of authority and epistemic hierarchies in producing knowledge about zoo animals. The large numbers of zoos and the long temporal range these articles cover bring the constant evolution of “science at the zoo”-and hence its intrinsic historical dimension-to the fore.

What do correct answers reveal? The interpersonal and mathematical aspects of students’ interactions during groupwork in seventh grade mathematics

ABSTRACT Background Groupwork is a desirable activity in mathematics classrooms for the opportunity it creates for collaborative reasoning and interdependence. Correlations between group-level processes and outcomes have helped characterize the features of more successful groups, but group-level constructs can obscure how students negotiate ideas. This study investigated how students’ interactions, and the written work they produced, reflected their negotiations of authority and mathematics content during groupwork. Methods I used techniques from systemic functional linguistics to analyze transcripts from groups of 7th-grade students during work on an open-ended mathematics task, to document connections between groups’ interpersonal processes and their mathematical products. Findings Two groups who produced similar products did so through different processes. In one group students’ written work reflected consensus, evidenced by students’ verbal contributions. In the other group, the written product reflected two distinct lines of reasoning that were both verbalized but never integrated in conversation. Contribution While previous studies have documented differences in interactional patterns between more and, respectively, less successful groups, this study extends that line of research by describing differences between similarly successful groups. The use of SFL helps explain the path from group-level patterns and group outputs through individual students’ participation.

Unprecedented Leadership

Unprecedented Leadership

Another Voice in the Room: Negotiating Authority in Multidisciplinary Writing Groups

Scholarship has shown that writing groups are important sites of authority negotiation for student writers, yet little empirical research has examined how groups negotiate authority through conversation or how these negotiations influence students’ developing expertise. Drawing on observations and interviews of an undergraduate thesis and a graduate dissertation writing group, I use the concept of “presentification” to analyze conversational moments in which group members referenced advisors, “making present” advisor authority to influence group collaborations. Specifically, I analyze these moments to show how writing groups can serve as low-stakes communities in which students negotiate their emerging sense of authority. I found that whereas less experienced writers looked to advisors to solve writing problems and used advisor authority to stand in for disciplinary expertise, more experienced writers voiced advisor guidance to help pose writing problems and negotiate their own stance as disciplinary experts. This study thus theorizes one process through which student writers negotiate emerging authority across sites of literate practice and in collaboration with others who may not themselves be members of the same disciplinary community.

The Substance of Care: Ethical Dilemmas in Migrant Medical Labour

ABSTRACTAs transnational mobilities for health in the Southeast Asian region intensify, this article investigates the everyday socialites that take shape in spaces of medical care. Told through the narratives of Filipino medical workers and caregivers in Singapore, this paper examines the socialities among migrants and locals who work together, and who care for patients in fast-paced public hospitals, as well as nursing homes on the margins of the city. It considers how care and control are simultaneously contested and reinforced through negotiations of authority, profession and hierarchies, as well as through the micro-political and affective interactions and intimacies of the workplace. These transcultural mobilities critically disrupt naturalised and normative assumptions about the region and its ‘values’, and about the locations and substance of care, while also provoking among migrants new ethical articulations and aspirations on the meanings of kinship, faith, home, and life itself.

Change processes, practices of authority and communication : Authority negotiations between managers and employees in two medical companies

Many contemporary organizations rely on a horizontal structure where local experts need to acquire authority. Despite this, many organizations may still adhere to the bureaucratic model where authority is distributed vertically and authority of position and expertise is considered to coincide. These two contradictory models can coexist because the relationship between authority of position and authority of expertise is loosely coupled. However, this contradiction may result in a wedge between managers and subordinates as subordinates lose trust in managers if decisions are not based on expertise. Organizations commence to acknowledge this wedge and consequently aim to remedy it. This article explores how organizations initiate communicative practices for different purposes, which, one way or another, involve the negotiation of authority. The results point to that the initiatives involve power struggles that need attention. The results also emphasize the importance of providing communicative tools. If this is done, sharing of authority seems to be more prone to take place.

Patients, Practitioners and Lodgers: Male Sexual Health Patients’ and their Healers’ Use of Location in Early Modern Medical Encounters

Patients, Practitioners and Lodgers: Male Sexual Health Patients’ and their Healers’ Use of Location in Early Modern Medical Encounters

The production of a physiological puzzle: how Cytisus adami confused and inspired a century\u2019s botanists, gardeners, and evolutionists

‘Adam’s laburnum’ (or Cytisus adami), produced by accident in 1825 by Jean-Louis Adam, a nurseryman in Vitry, became a commercial success within the plant trade for its striking mix of yellow and purple flowers. After it came to the attention of members of La Société d’Horticulture de Paris, the tree gained enormous fame as a potential instance of the much sought-after ‘graft hybrid’, a hypothetical idea that by grafting one plant onto another, a mixture of the two could be produced. As I show in this paper, many eminent botanists and gardeners, including Charles Darwin, both experimented with Adam’s laburnum and argued over how it might have been produced and what light, if any, it shed on the laws of heredity. Despite Jean-Louis Adam’s position and status as a nurseryman active within the Parisian plant trade, a surprising degree of doubt and scepticism was attached to his testimony on how the tree had been produced in his nursery. This doubt, I argue, helps us to trace the complex negotiations of authority that constituted debates over plant heredity in the early 19th century and that were introduced with a new generation of gardening and horticultural periodicals.

Cities and the political imagination

How can we recognize the political in the city? How might urban scholars engage with forms of urban politics outside of established sites of research such as those associated with representative democracy or collective mobilizations? This article suggests that new perspectives on urban politics might be enabled through reinvigorated connections between the social sciences and humanities, and by combining long-term urban ethnography and cultural analysis. Reading forms of creative expression in relation to power struggles in and over urban space can direct our attention towards negotiations of authority and political belonging that are often overlooked within urban studies. The article explores the possibilities of such an approach by focusing on the idea of the political imagination as socially and materially embedded in urban landscapes. Expressive culture generates both analytical and normative frames, guiding everyday understandings of how urban power works, where and in whose hands it is concentrated, and whether we see this as just or unjust. Such frames can legitimize or delegitimize specific distributions of urban resources and risks, and can normalize or denaturalize specific structures of decision-making. Through a discussion of popular music and visual culture, the article considers how everyday practices both feed into, and are informed by, imaginations of urban rule and political belonging.

Should Taxpayers Have Access to the International Tax Arbitration Procedure?

Globalization has subjected corporations to multi-jurisdictional tax systems. As a result, cross-border entities are exposed to the possibility of being audited and undergoing tax adjustments more than once for their transactions. In addition, various states’ measures — such as Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA) and the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) — have promoted international cooperation, thereby allowing tax authorities to have access to a vast volume of data. The risk of double taxation has greatly increased due to the multi-jurisdictional authorities’ easy access to data. To address and balance the overlap of jurisdictions in tax matters, states are signing bilateral and multilateral treaties consenting to mandatory and binding tax arbitration, thereby expanding states’ mutual agreement procedure “MAP,” a historic competent authority negotiation process. However, taxpayers are not part of the arbitration process. The focus of this analysis is on demonstrating the benefits of taxpayers’ access to the state-to-state MAP arbitration procedure, which was intended to provide taxpayers relief from double taxation.

Negotiating Task Jurisdiction: The Effects of Imposing a Formal Logic of Action on Situated Practice

Interdependence of occupational groups working side by side is a fundamental reality of contemporary workplaces; negotiating task jurisdiction is crucial to inter-occupational coordination. However, while much research examines how occupations vie for task jurisdiction at the macro level, much less work examines task jurisdiction as situated practice or how emerging IT workflow systems designed to direct lines of work impact local negotiations of authority and discretion. This research provides a new lens for understanding how people across occupations engage micro negotiations of task jurisdiction in the duree of everyday work, and how these negotiations are impacted by implementation of an enterprise workflow system inscribed with a formal legal logic of task jurisdiction. Through 16 months of ethnographic research surrounding implementation of an EHR in a hospital obstetric unit, we find that the new workflow technology exposed and upended local, largely tacit logics related to negotiation and re-negot...

The Negotiation of Authority at a Frontier Marian Apparition Site: Adele Brise and Our Lady of Good Help

In December 2010, Bishop David Ricken of the Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin, gave his official approval to a Marian apparition, which had occurred in rural Champion, Wisconsin, over 150 years before, making Our Lady of Good Help the first officially approved Marian apparition site in the United States. This article explores some of the ways in which the narratives surrounding this apparition and the biography of the seer, Adele Brise, have been simultaneously contested and controlled by the hierarchy, often through selective omission of details that would point away from the seer's identity as a docile and obedient daughter of the church. Adele Brise, like all visionary seers, was a potentially dangerous and destabilizing force who represented a challenge to hierarchical authority. Both her person and the story of her life and visions have therefore had to be either suppressed or tamed by the succession of bishops in whose diocese this powerful site continues to exist.

Letters, authority and secrecy: the case of Karagwe in Tanzania

This paper aims to show how letters, as a genre of literacy, are used in Karagwe in Tanzania, in relation to authority and secrecy. It is shown that literacy, in the form of letters, plays an important role in the negotiation of authority. Authorities as well as ordinary people use letters according to official norms to claim or manifest authority, while grassroots forms of literacy, dominated forms, are used to resist authorities. Through secret messages and letters people find opportunities to resist that are less dangerous than open rebellion, although the effects may be limited because of the secrecy. It is also shown how children are socialized into this pattern of secrecies through literacy as they are used as messengers. When delivering secret letters and messages, they may be said to exercise a passive voice through literacy.

“Healthy” discussions about risk: The Corn Refiners Association’s strategic negotiation of authority in the debate over high fructose corn syrup

Many foods and eating practices have been framed as risky by risk societies. Recently, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has become a highly scrutinized food additive. Informed by a social construction of risk framework, I analyze the discursive contributions of the Corn Refiners Association, a trade association, to public negotiations of HFCS risks. I describe how the association's Sweet Surprise campaign advertisements rely on a deficit model to shape understandings of who should participate in conversations about HFCS. I conclude by exploring the practical implications of this analysis, particularly how trade associations can negotiate tensions between promoting health and serving commercial interests, and how these decisions contribute to understandings of the public's role in risk negotiation.