Authority Of France Research Articles

A Methodological Framework to Enhance Potential Spatial Planning to Support Agroecological Transition at the Scale of Local Territories

Agroecological transition requires research and actions at the scale of local territories, in which agricultural activities interact with the environment and natural resources depending on a territory’s spatial configuration. To support the agroecological transition, there is an urgent need to design and implement new spatial configurations. For this, local public authorities in France can be considered as an interesting level of governance, because of their skills in spatial planning and their interest in agriculture, to ensure the ecological transition of their territory. However, new methodological frameworks need to be developed to support the design of new spatial configurations of territories, by constructing representations of the territory that consider both agricultural and socio-environmental issues, and by involving agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders so that both can project themselves into the new spatial configurations. We developed a new methodological framework at the interface between landscape agronomy and landscape architects’ approaches, and experimented with applying this framework in the Urban Community of Dunkirk (UCD), which was performing a spatial planning approach called a Landscape Plan and proposing to create an Agricultural Park. The results show that the implementation of the methodological framework enabled the construction of a spatially explicit and place-based representation including the spatial issues of farming systems. These representations enable a local authority’s stakeholders to enhance their knowledge of the agricultural issues and consider changes in the spatial configuration of the Agricultural Park. In the discussion, we question the adaptation of the framework in rural territory and highlight the limitations of local authorities as the level of governance at which to address the agroecological transition at the territorial scale.

French Legislation on Pre-Trial Investigation

Introduction. The article examines how the legal mechanism of preliminary investigation operates in France, taking into account the special approach of the French public authorities to its implementation, the importance of preliminary investigation in the criminal process of this state. And also, taking into account the fact that there is no institution of preliminary investigation in the Russian judicial system – such an investigation is carried out, according to domestic legislation, by investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation – the procedural status of investigative judges of France, who belong to the judiciary on a permanent basis. Materials and methods. The research methods are a system of specially scientific and philosophical worldview approaches that provide an opportunity for an objective analysis of the topic. The research applied such methods as comparative law, historical law, formal law, structural and functional, as well as dialectical and materialistic Materials and methods. The research methods are a system of specially scientific and worldview approaches that provide an opportunity for an objective analysis of the topic. The research applied such methods as comparative law, historical law, formal law, structural and functional, as well as dialectical and materialistic. Special attention is paid to the problem of determining the role of the preliminary investigation in legal proceedings, the characteristics of its judicial status in the exercise of powers by the relevant attention is paid to the problem of determining the role of the preliminary investigation in legal proceedings, the characteristics of its judicial status in the exercise of powers by the relevant state authorities in science: the works of such scientists as M.V. Aleynikov, A.N. Volchanskaya, A.E. Vorobyov, B.Ya. Gavrilov, V.N. Galuzo, A.V. Grinenko have been published on this topic, L.V. Golovko, K.F. Gutsenko, S.A. Danilyan, I.S. Dikarev, A.Yu. Zotov, N.A. Kanafin, A.N. Konshakov, I.Ya. Foynitsky, M.Yu. Fisakov, etc.Research results. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the preliminary investigation carried out by the relevant public authorities in France, with a comparative comparison of the role of the preliminary investigation carried out by public authorities in this State. In order to achieve this goal, special attention in this work will be paid to solving the following tasks: to identify the place of authority for the preliminary investigation in the activities of various law enforcement agencies; to investigate the features of the preliminary investigation at different stages of the development of France; to establish the features of its transformation; to analyze the real role of the preliminary investigation in France and characterize the authorities exercising authority to conduct it; to make a generalizing conclusion about whether it is advisable to make changes to the definition of the place of the preliminary investigation in the judicial proceedings of the Russian Federation, taking into account the legislative experience of France.Discussion and conclusion. After the Introduction, the article examines the very Concept of "preliminary investigation" and its national characteristics; The activities of judicial bodies conducting preliminary investigation; The procedure for conducting preliminary investigation; The end of the preliminary investigation; Instance control over the activities of the investigating judge. In conclusion, the authors of the article propose some theoretical generalizations on this topic and show the most outstanding distinctive features of French legislation on preliminary investigation in terms of methods of legal technique.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels in various plant commodities resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants De Sangosse SAS and Tilco-Alginure submitted two requests, respectively, to the competent national authorities in France and Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in various plant commodities. The data submitted in support of the requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. For the derived MRL on baby leaf crops, further risk manager consideration is required to decide between two MRL options. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of potassium phosphonates in accordance with the residue definition 'phosphonic acid and its salts expressed as phosphonic acid' in the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results and assuming that the existing MRLs will be amended as proposed by EFSA in previous outputs, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the existing uses of fosetyl and phosphonates (previously assessed in a joint MRL review) and new proposed uses of potassium phosphonates is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Considering the toxicological profile of the active substance, a short-term dietary risk assessment was not required. The risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative because some MRL proposals derived by EFSA in the framework of the MRL review according to Articles 12 and 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 require further consideration by risk managers.

Effect of Experiential Marketing on Customer Engagement and Loyalty in the Tourism Sector in France

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of experiential marketing on customer engagement and loyalty in the tourism sector in France. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Experiential marketing in France's tourism sector significantly boosts customer engagement and loyalty by offering personalized, memorable experiences. Despite challenges like cost management, leveraging digital technologies presents opportunities for enhanced personalization. Overall, experiential marketing plays a vital role in shaping customer perceptions and fostering lasting relationships in French tourism. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Hedonic consumption theory, service-dominant logic (SDL) & social exchange theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of experiential marketing on customer engagement and loyalty in the tourism sector in France. Tourism businesses in France should prioritize the implementation of tailored experiential marketing initiatives that align with the unique characteristics and preferences of their target customer segments. Government bodies and tourism authorities in France should facilitate industry collaboration and knowledge-sharing initiatives to foster innovation and best practices in experiential marketing.

An overview of tobacco use in France: Observed trends and new challenges

This article reports changes in tobacco and vaping consumption in France over the last thirty years and the issues they raise for public authorities in terms of prevention and management of the social and health consequences. This report is the result of a joint analysis by Santé publique France (SpF) and the French Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT). It shows that there has been a “generational shift” in tobacco consumption and social representations of cigarettes since the mid-2010s, with a sharp decline in tobacco initiation among adolescents, which has become less common and reported at an older age, which was one of the objectives of the national tobacco reduction plans. However, smoking remains fairly stable among adults, predominantly among men, with gaps between men and women persisting since the early 2000s. Beyond the gender gap, social disparities in consumption remain significant, both among youth and adults. However, while the prevalence of smoking is no longer increasing, the prevalence of vaping is rising, which is a public health concern since some of these practices involve nicotine consumption. This also entails the risk of a “renormalization” of the act of smoking, a matter of concern for health authorities in France as in other European countries. The analysis concludes that the statistical information system and qualitative surveys need to be adapted to ensure a reliable monitoring of the situation, taking into account the rapid transformations of the market.

Preaching Muslim Loyalty in France: Rhetoric and Counter-Discourse

This paper analyzes online sermons on Muslim loyalty to non-Muslims uttered by Tareq Oubrou, one of the most prominent Muslim religious authorities in France. The aim of this study is twofold. First, Oubrou’s rhetoric will be examined (especially in what pertains to the opening, the hybrid format of preaching, the languages used, citations, digital tools, and the closing). Second, Oubrou’s online sermons will be addressed as a counter-narrative on loyalty intended primarily to neutralize the radical Salafi discourses which forbid any form of loyalty towards non-Muslims. Oubrou utilizes online preaching: (1) to teach wider audiences of ordinary Muslims, outside of the practicing audience who attend mosques regularly, loyalty towards non-Muslims; (2) to compete for space and authoritative discourse on Islam; and (3) to prosecute radical discourses on loyalty particularly present in the virtual space as well as among undersized, albeit active, Salafi communities in France.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for pendimethalin in peas (with pods), beans (with pods) and leeks.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF Agro B.V. submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance pendimethalin in peas (with pods), beans (with pods) and leeks. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of pendimethalin on the commodities under consideration at the validated LOQ of 0.01mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of pendimethalin according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

A Case Report of Ethylene Oxide (EO) Contamination in Ice Cream “Häagen-Dazs”, How in Indonesia?

The availability of a safe food supply for the community is a right that must be fulfilled. One of the food supplies is dairy products such as milk. Milk can be processed into various types of products, including ice cream. On 8 July 2022, the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) reported a case of Ethylene oxide (EO) contamination in French Häagen-Dazs brand vanilla ice cream with levels exceeding quality standards (maximum of 20 mg/kg). This study aims to disseminate information about chemical contamination of ethylene oxide in ice cream and how the Indonesian authorities respond in to prevent and control the spread of contamination. The Previous case reports on 6 July 2022, authorities in France through RappelConso, and on 7 July 2022, Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) published public information regarding the voluntary recall of Häagen-Dazs vanilla flavor ice cream by the manufacturer because it contains EO. Meanwhile, on 8 July 2022, the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) ordered importers to recall the product. In 19 July 2022, The Indonesian government through the Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) has withdrawn the vanilla flavored Haagen Dazs ice cream product circulating in Indonesia. The hypothesis that can be formulated on Ethylene oxide contamination in ice cream is the use of pesticides containing EO on vanilla flowers (the raw material for making Häagen-Dazs ice cream with vanilla flavor) leaving a high residue. The Häagen-Dazs ice cream industry must implement a good HACCP system, including a sound and safe selection of raw materials

Emerging local public action in renewable energy production. Discussion of the territorial dimension of the energy transition based on the cases of four intermunicipal cooperation entities in France

Local authorities in France have recently been granted administrative and operational responsibilities to pursue action in the domain of renewable energy. In this article we discuss the strategies and projects implemented by a diverse set of local authority groupings in France and highlight the different ways in which they have appropriated the issues and challenges of renewable energy. These intermunicipal entities have different sociocultural and geographic configurations, and our study shows that their local public action is driven by different motivations. Renewable energy is a vector for development that can be utilized in various ways, sometimes to legitimate public energy policy in the territory, and in other instances to bring in revenue. The politics of territorial energy strategy are often narrowly bounded by the scope of the intermunicipal structure (Etablissement public de coopération intercommunale, EPCI). This restricted focus makes it difficult to develop strategies spanning several territories, and in the long term could lead neighbouring territories to compete to attract investment.

Modification of the existing maximum residue level for sedaxane in potatoes.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta France SAS submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance sedaxane in potatoes. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for potatoes. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of sedaxane on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of sedaxane according to the intended agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

Cognitive Factors Associated With Public Acceptance of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Prevention Measures: Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 crisis, protests against restrictions emerged and rule violations increased, provoking peaks in new positive cases, forcing authorities in France to impose fines to slow down the spread of the disease. Due to these challenges, subsequent implementations of preventive measures in response to COVID-19 recurrences or other pandemics could present difficulties for decision makers. A better understanding of the factors underlying the public acceptance of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical preventive measures may therefore contribute greatly to the design of more effective public communication during future pandemics.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical prevention measures in France. The specific objectives were (1) to examine the public’s acceptance of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical prevention measures and (2) to assess the association of the public’s acceptance of these prevention measures and their perception of COVID-19.MethodsData were collected from 2004 individuals through an online survey conducted 6-8 weeks after the first lockdown in France. For objective 1, participants were asked the extent to which they supported 8 COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical preventive measures using a 4-point Likert scale. For objective 2, COVID-19–related perceptions were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale from an adapted version of Witte’s Extended Parallel Process Model. Sociodemographic and environmental variables were also collected. The public’s acceptance factors were estimated using an unweighted least squares factorial analysis, and their associations with perceptions of COVID-19, expressed as rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs, were estimated using generalized linear Poisson regression models. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.ResultsThe acceptance rate reached 86.1% for individual protective measures, such as making masks mandatory in public open spaces, and 70.0% for collective restrictions, such as isolating the most vulnerable people (1604/2004, 80%) or forbidding public gatherings (n=1590, 79.3%). The least popular restrictions were closing all schools/universities and nonessential commerce such as bars and restaurants (n=1146, 57.2%). Acceptance of collective restrictions was positively associated with their perceived efficacy (RR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), fear of COVID-19 (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05), and perceived severity of COVID-19 (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.06), and negatively with age >60 years (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98). Acceptance of individual protective measures was associated with their perceived efficacy (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.03-1.04), fear of COVID-19 (RR 1.02, 1.01-1.03), and perceived severity of COVID-19 (RR 1.03, 1.01-1.05).ConclusionsAcceptance rates of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical measures were rather high, but varied according to their perceived social cost, and were more related to collective than personal protection. Nonpharmaceutical measures that minimize social costs while controlling the spread of the disease are more likely to be accepted during pandemics.

Validation of Artificial Intelligence to Support the Automatic Coding of Patient Adverse Drug Reaction Reports, Using Nationwide Pharmacovigilance Data.

IntroductionAdverse drug reaction reports are usually manually assessed by pharmacovigilance experts to detect safety signals associated with drugs. With the recent extension of reporting to patients and the emergence of mass media-related sanitary crises, adverse drug reaction reports currently frequently overwhelm pharmacovigilance networks. Artificial intelligence could help support the work of pharmacovigilance experts during such crises, by automatically coding reports, allowing them to prioritise or accelerate their manual assessment. After a previous study showing first results, we developed and compared state-of-the-art machine learning models using a larger nationwide dataset, aiming to automatically pre-code patients’ adverse drug reaction reports.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the best artificial intelligence model identifying adverse drug reactions and assessing seriousness in patients reports from the French national pharmacovigilance web portal.MethodsReports coded by 27 Pharmacovigilance Centres between March 2017 and December 2020 were selected (n = 11,633). For each report, the Portable Document Format form containing free-text information filled by the patient, and the corresponding encodings of adverse event symptoms (in Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms) and seriousness were obtained. This encoding by experts was used as the reference to train and evaluate models, which contained input data processing and machine-learning natural language processing to learn and predict encodings. We developed and compared different approaches for data processing and classifiers. Performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC), F-measure, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. We used data from 26 Pharmacovigilance Centres for training and internal validation. External validation was performed using data from the remaining Pharmacovigilance Centres during the same period.ResultsInternal validation: for adverse drug reaction identification, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) + Light Gradient Boosted Machine (LGBM) achieved an AUC of 0.97 and an F-measure of 0.80. The Cross-lingual Language Model (XLM) [transformer] obtained an AUC of 0.97 and an F-measure of 0.78. For seriousness assessment, FastText + LGBM achieved an AUC of 0.85 and an F-measure of 0.63. CamemBERT (transformer) + Light Gradient Boosted Machine obtained an AUC of 0.84 and an F-measure of 0.63. External validation for both adverse drug reaction identification and seriousness assessment tasks yielded consistent and robust results.ConclusionsOur artificial intelligence models showed promising performance to automatically code patient adverse drug reaction reports, with very similar results across approaches. Our system has been deployed by national health authorities in France since January 2021 to facilitate pharmacovigilance of COVID-19 vaccines. Further studies will be needed to validate the performance of the tool in real-life settings.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-022-01153-8.

Modification of the existing maximum residue level for apricots and setting of import tolerances for cyantraniliprole in various crops.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants FMC International and Syngenta Crop Protection submitted two requests to the competent national authority in France, respectively, to set import tolerances for the active substance cyantraniliprole in various crops and to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) in apricots. The data submitted in support of the requests were found sufficient to derive MRL proposals for apricots, potatoes, tropical root and tuber vegetables, cucurbits (inedible peel), lettuces and salad plants, Chinese cabbage and other leafy brassica (except kale), spinaches and similar leaves (except spinach), parsley and minor oilseeds. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the dietary intake of residues resulting from the uses of cyantraniliprole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health for the parent compound. A definitive conclusion on the risk for consumers cannot be derived for the degradation products IN‐N5M09 and IN‐F6L99 which are formed during cooking/boiling. For both compounds, the concerns on genotoxicity have been ruled out, but the general toxicity has not been addressed. The indicative exposure calculated by the EMS and EFSA for these compounds is affected by non‐standard uncertainties but can support risk managers to take an informed decision on the requested modification of the existing MRLs for the crops under assessment.

Evaluation of the emergency authorisations granted by Member State France for plant protection products containing imidacloprid or thiamethoxam

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was requested by the European Commission to provide technical assistance in accordance with Article 53(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 to examine the emergency authorisations granted in 2021 by the competent national authority in France for plant protection products containing the neonicotinoid active substances (a.s.) clothianidin, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam for uses on sugar beet which were restricted when all outdoor uses were prohibited in May 2018. EFSA was asked to assess whether the granting of this emergency authorisation and its wide scope was necessary because of danger which cannot be contained by any other reasonable means. In this context, EFSA collected and evaluated the information in relation to the emergency authorisation for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in France in line with the EFSA insecticide protocol developed in the framework of a mandate concerning the application of Article 4(7) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The current technical report summarises the outcome of the evaluation of four crop/pest combinations considered in France in 2021.The evaluation demonstrated that for the examined pests (Aphis fabae, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus ascalonicus and Myzus persicae) vectors of the quarantine virus BYV (beet yellows virus) no alternative active substance to neonicotinoids is currently authorised in France on sugar beet for seed treatment. Foliar spraying applications against the aphid vectors of BYV can’t be considered as sufficient alternative method to the seed treatment, because they can't control the early proliferation of aphids. The evaluation included an assessment of non-insecticide alternatives for the presented uses. Seven non-chemical methods are available, but they are only moderately effective. For this reason, EFSA concluded when considering the methodology of the EFSA Article 4(7) insecticide protocol, that the emergency authorisations were scientifically supported.

Setting of import tolerances for fludioxonil in sugar beet roots and bananas.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to set import tolerances for the active substance fludioxonil in sugar beet roots and bananas. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive maximum residue level (MRL) proposals for sugar beet roots and bananas. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fludioxonil in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg and in animal matrices at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg in milk and muscle and 0.05 mg/kg in liver, kidney, fat tissues and eggs. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of fludioxonil according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for cyantraniliprole in olives.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant FMC International Switzerland Sarl (FISSarl) submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance cyantraniliprole in table olives and olives for oil production. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the intended uses of cyantraniliprole in olives. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of cyantraniliprole in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the intake of residues resulting from the uses of cyantraniliprole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for emamectin in various crops

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta France S.A.S. submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for emamectin. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for apricots, cherries, spinaches and similar leaves and herbal infusions from leaves and herbs, whereas a change of the existing MRL is not necessary for pome fruits. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of emamectin B1a on the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the uses of emamectin benzoate according to the intended agricultural practices are unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative since affected by uncertainty related to the data gaps identified in the MRL review.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for benzovindiflupyr in leeks and spring onions/green onions/Welsh onions.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance benzovindiflupyr in leeks and spring onions, green onions and Welsh onions. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the crops under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of benzovindiflupyr on the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of benzovindiflupyr according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

PDB32 Integration of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Evaluation of Digital Health Solutions: Research in Diabetes

Although the field of Digital Health Solutions (DHS) for improving outcomes in diabetes has evolved rapidly over the last 20 years, there are still significant challenges in generating relevant evidence and demonstrating the value such solutions bring to patients and the overall health-care value chain. Research was conducted to review guidelines from national health authorities regarding patient outcomes to consider in the evaluation of DHS and to determine if existing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are adequate tools for assessing the value of DHS. Guidelines for evaluating DHS from national health authorities in France (HAS), Germany (BfArM), the UK (NICE), and the US (FDA) were reviewed. Recommended patient outcomes were retrieved, as well as the role of PROMs in assessing them. In addition, a list of PROMs used in diabetes care was identified from the ProQolid database, Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed. Each instrument was evaluated on multiple attributes, including previous use in assessing DHS, and classified by patient value domain. Five guidelines were reviewed identifying 12 domains of patient outcomes. Most guidelines focused on a particular type of DHS and there was no consensus across guidelines on patient outcomes. Nevertheless, all health authorities recognize PROMs as important tools to demonstrate the value of DHS. Overall, 62 PROMs were identified (46 diabetes-specific and 16 non-diabetes-specific) in the literature. There was a clear alignment between some of the outcomes covered in both the guidelines and PROMs, such as satisfaction, empowerment, health literacy, adherence and quality of life. However, some patient outcomes in the guidelines were poorly covered by (existing) PROMs, such as engagement, autonomy in daily life, coping strategies and reduction of efforts. It is urgent to develop frameworks aiming at integrating relevant domains of patient value in the evaluation of DHS to ensure alignment across national jurisdictions in reimbursement processes.

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for folpet in barley, oat, rye and wheat.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Adama Agriculture B.V on behalf of Adama Makhteshim Ltd submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance folpet in barley, oat, rye and wheat. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for these commodities. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of folpet and phthalimide in dry commodities at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg per analyte. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of folpet according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.