Authoritative Definition Research Articles

Can Choir singing support migrant inclusion? An encouraging survey

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Italy imposed lockdown measures, which also affected places of worship that had to suspend group religious celebrations. This study focuses on the dematerialization of the sacred space, achieved through the creation of the "digital mosque." The author interviewed imams and participated in online worship during the lockdown. The analysis of the data explored various facets, including the reactions of Muslim communities to the impact of the lockdown and government directives guidelines. The study then delved into the transition of certain communities from offline Islam to online Islam, culminating in the establishment of the "digital mosque." The lat-ter serves as both a virtual gathering place for the faithful and a tool for social control and the definition of authority in the interpretation of the online inter-pretation of the sacred. However, it should be noted that different Muslim communities reacted in various ways to the use of the internet.

Assessing and managing patients with borderline personality disorder requesting medical assistance in dying.

When physician assisted dying (referred to as Medical Assistance in Dying or MAiD in this article) is available for individuals with mental disorders as the sole underlying medical condition (MD-SUMC), patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently request MAiD. Psychiatrists and other clinicians must be prepared to evaluate and manage these requests. The purposes of this paper are to define when patients with BPD should be considered to have an irremediable, treatment resistant disorder and provide clinicians with an approach to assess and manage their patients with BPD making requests for MAiD. This perspective paper developed the authors' viewpoint by using a published, authoritative definition of irremediability and including noteworthy systematic and/or meta-analytic reviews related to the assessment of irremediability. The clinician must be aware of the eligibility requirements for granting MAiD in their jurisdiction so that they can appropriately prepare themselves and their patients for the assessment process. The appraisal of the intolerability of the specific person's suffering comes from having an extensive dialogue with the patient; however, the assessment of whether the patient has irremediable BPD should be more objectively and reliably determined. A systematic approach to the assessment of irremediability of BPD is reviewed in the context of the disorder's severity, treatment resistance and irreversibility. In addition to characterizing irremediability, this paper also addresses the evaluation and management of suicide risk for patients with BPD undergoing the MAiD assessment process.

Management of innovative activities of technological and industrial territorial systems

Management of innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems (TITS) becomes particularly relevant in the context of globalization and increasing competitiveness. This study focuses on exploring methods of innovation management within TITS, including strategic planning, implementation of innovative processes, and cooperation among government structures, the private sector, and scientific institutions. The research aims to develop recommendations for managing innovative activities in technological and industrial territorial systems. The article delves into the essence of managing innovative processes at the territorial and industrial territorial systems level, exemplified by techno and industrial parks. It establishes fundamental principles of management, including the principle of foresight, the principle of integration of innovative processes, the principle of division of labor, specialization, and cooperation, the principle of delineation of competencies, the principle of informatization, and the principle of efficiency in managing innovative activities in a science and technology park. Management of innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems is carried out through stages such as forming a complete spectrum of tasks related to organizing innovative activity, providing detailed descriptions according to the chosen methodology, assessing interrelationships between tasks, and systematizing tasks by considering established criteria. The essence of managing innovative processes at territorial-technological structures is thoroughly investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on critical principles of managing innovative activity, which include the ability to forecast the development of innovative processes and adapt management decisions according to future trends; ensuring coordinated work of various innovative initiatives and projects to achieve a synergistic effect; optimizing the distribution of functions and tasks among participants of the innovation process to enhance overall efficiency; clear definition and distribution of authority and responsibility among different management levels and organizations; implementation of modern information technologies to support decision-making and enhance the transparency of innovative processes; focus on achieving maximum results with minimal resource expenditure. The essence of managing innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems is substantiated; principles of managing innovative activity are defined: the principle of foresight; the principle of integration of innovative processes; the principle of division of labor, specialization, and cooperation; the principle of delineation of competencies; the principle of informatization; the principle of management efficiency in regional innovation activity. The following stages for managing innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems are implemented: construction of a complete set of tasks for organizing innovative activity and their description according to the chosen scheme; assessment of the connection between tasks; grouping of tasks by given criteria. Keywords: innovation, innovative activity, management, technological and industrial territorial systems, social effect, cluster

The Expectation of Carnival: The “Carnivalised” Writing of China’s 1990s in the Context of Mass Culture

Since the advent of the 1990s, the ascendancy of mass culture, buoyed by the burgeoning market economy, has engendered a discernible transformative trajectory in Chinese literature. Mass culture has given rise to a fissure in the value judgment and authoritative definition of literary works, a change that not only responds to the stimulus of the market, but also conforms to the expectation of the masses for revelry under specific historical conditions. This paper looks back at the social background, takes Bakhtin’s theory of carnival as a guide, and explains the literary phenomenon and writings of the 1990s in the context of mass culture, pointing out that the subversion of value and the deconstruction of authority are the prominent features of “carnivalized” writing in this period.

What does Bourdieu Mean by the ‘Habitus’ and What Implications does This Idea Have for English Language Teaching in China?: Using Bourdieu: Introducing Habitus, Field and Capital

Habitus remains an ambiguous and cryptic concept, triggering drastic debate not only in sociology and anthropology but also in culture studies and literary criticism. The topic has been cited by a range of writers, notably Mauss, Husserl and Bourdieu. Even Bourdieu did not provide a clear, authoritative or coherent definition of the term in his work. Due to the fact that habitus plays an indispensable part of social constructionism, which defines our understanding of the world. It is necessary for parents, schools and the government to learn about this concept, and utilize it to guide their education practice and policy enactment. This essay will explore the theoretical concept of “habitus” and its interrelationship with “field” and “capital”. Then discuss the wide disparity in different social groups, in terms of habitus and capital in China. Followed by an analysis of the imbalances in Chinese rural and urban schools respectively, in the field of English language teaching. It aims to help readers better understand the poor performance of students who come from less advantageous social groups in language learning, rather than attributing their failure to their individual defects. The essay will also introduce the 2003 English curriculum reform, illustrate the current status of its implementation in various family upbringing and school locations and put forward some feasible proposals for parents, teachers, students and government to promote social equity in English language teaching in China.

Mapping creative territories with actors, partnerships, innovations, and regulatory mechanisms based on literature review

Creative territories are geographic spaces of collaboration between different social actors, driving innovations and requiring regulatory mechanisms for sustainability and growth. This paper aims to synthesize available evidence on creative territories through a systematic literature review to analyze the significant actors in creative territories, the type of partnerships between them, the kind of innovations in creative territories, and the regulatory mechanisms for supporting these territories. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure a transparent and systematic approach. A comprehensive search in the Scopus database, employing predefined search terms and inclusion criteria, included 86 articles. The findings revealed several key topics within the existing academic literature on creative territories, including i) the individual social players in creative territories and partnerships and collaborations among them, ii) the various innovations in these territories and sectors, iii) the regulatory mechanisms applied by government and non-government actors. These topics or aspects were further analyzed and categorized to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The discussion section presents a critical analysis and synthesis of the findings, highlighting that the government supports creative territories through 16 regulatory mechanisms, while the literature highlights at least 5 levels of government intervention. Additionally, private social actors can positively impact creative territories through various regulatory mechanisms, including firm self-regulation, industry self-regulation, and civil regulation, with at least 21 social actors classified into 5 groups collaborating through six types/forms of collaboration. Furthermore, several circumstances and factors should be available to prosper in a particular partnership/collaboration like a clear definition of responsibilities, well-defined rules, mutual benefits, equal collaboration, and solid authority. The findings underscore the importance of creative territories and serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, offering insights and directions for future research endeavors.

‘Thy Servant Forever’

Abstract This article expands scholarly definitions of female religious authority—conversations that typically focus on women—by situating girlhood as an equally important site of receiving, developing, and performing religious agency. Using a biographical case study approach, the article examines the life of Mary Chrystie, a deeply pious American girl who lived from 1825–1841 in the mid-Atlantic region and left one of the most substantial extant primary source collections produced by a child from this period. Her life represents the religious potency of girlhood’s “in-between status” to building female-centric sacred repositories. To demonstrate this dynamic, the article analyzes Mary’s stewardship over her spiritual interiority, participation in religious communities, and her engagement with voluntarism. Ultimately, this article demonstrates the necessity of incorporating age as a category of analysis into gendered reformulations of religious authority, allowing girls to be integrated into scholarly narratives of women’s religious history as actors in their own right.

금융권의 제로 트러스트 보안모델 적용방안에 관한 연구

The changed hybrid work environment such as the expansion of cloud computing technology and the increase in telecommuting due to the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), has brought about new security problems. The traditional perimeter security model has limitations in protecting various devices and environments because it is difficult to clearly distinguish network boundaries. The Zero Trust model, which has been proposed as an alternative security strategy to overcome this, is based on the premise that there is no trust in the assets and actors that are connected components when configuring corporate infrastructure and workflow. The financial sector is actively seeking to introduce the zero trust security model as a means of strengthening security. Demand for responding to advanced cyber-security threats, strengthening security policies, and applicability and necessity of a zero trust security model in the financial sector has expanded. This study proposed the components of a zero trust security model to be applied to the financial world based on financial governance and zero trust principles, components of the maturity model, and the results of expert interviews. The zero trust security model in the financial sector consists of four layers and eight detailed steps: perimeter security layer, authority definition layer, behavior detection layer, and internal control layer. This zero trust security model for the financial sector is expected to provide guidelines for key elements and construction steps to be considered when introducing zero trust in the financial sector.

Continuity and Change in Islamic Religious Authority

This article aims to elaborate on the debate surrounding continuity and change in Islamic religious authority. The discussion begins by establishing a framework for understanding the analytical definition of authority before delving into the dimensions that experience continuity and change. Arendt defines authority as a relationship, signifying a connection to a specific discursive tradition, knowledge, and history. Additionally, it involves a relationship with others who may recognize, accept, or contest this connection. Building upon Arendt’s definition, the article deconstructs the nature of this relationship, emphasizing three constitutive elements: the notion of a past, the connection to the foundational past, and the ability to convey and enhance that model. This includes the augmentation of the foundational past and the ability to elicit obedience without resorting to coercion. What sets authority apart is its unique capacity to foster obedience through a relationship, free from coercion. To identify the constituents of authority, the article explores the question of continuity and change in a more productive manner by focusing on each of its three constitutive elements.

Fiscal attractiveness of Portuguese municipalities

The modeling of the municipalities’ tax burden is one of the most relevant issues, especially in terms of municipal competitiveness. It challenges the definition and delimitation of local authorities’ taxing powers. This study aims to analyze the level of taxation of Portuguese municipalities and how local policies contribute to the definition of a ranking of fiscally more competitive municipalities. The paper applies quantitative methods based on the fiscal information made available by municipalities. It has been determined that it is possible to classify municipalities as more or less competitive through their tax supply, mainly at the level of their ability to set tax rates. In 2021, compared to 2020, the most fiscally competitive municipalities were located in the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Corvo (95.128%); Vila do Pico (95.128%); Madalena (95.128%); Povoação (95.078%); Santa Cruz das Flores (95.072%); Angra do Heroísmo (95.044%); Nordeste (95.036%); Vila Franca do Campo (95.036%); Horta (95.017%); and Ponta Delgada (95.017%)). The study also verified the maintenance of fiscal competitiveness among the most fiscally attractive municipalities, despite having several types of fiscal attraction policy options at their disposal, always conditioned by national legislation. This means fiscal policy is an instrument of competition for attracting companies, people, and productive investment to local municipalities. The existence of an international dogma favorable to the increasing attribution of administrative and financial autonomy to local authorities mainly supports this phenomenon.

The Order of Policing

Aim: In this study the author’s aim is to contribute to the theoretical foundation of young law enforcement science with an unusual approach. The aim of this study is to develop that premise according to which the conceptual definitions of policing and the current approaches of law enforcement science are based on well-defined historical (experiential) and evolutionary preconceptions of the practitioners of the discipline.Methodology: In the study, the author, through the presentation of some authoritative conceptual definitions of police science and some aspects of this discipline, arrives at the unfolding of the premise, for which the normative and critical approach of law enforcement science provides the theoretical framework.Findings: Behind the determination of systematic thinking based on preconception lies an evolutionary demand inspired by a priori necessity spanning historical ages, which is named the Idea of order by the author. Its expressions, through increasingly complex social relations, are interwoven in a historical chain, which justifies further research.Value: This examination study could enrich law enforcement research and thinking in an unconventional way. It helps to understand what preconceptions institutionalized policing can be based on, and what kind of sustainable modeof operation can become accepted and legitime in a certain community.

The Big Picture versus Minutiae: Geophytes, Plant Foods, and Ancient Human Economies

In a rejoinder to Gill et alia (2021), Martin (2022) accuses us of perpetuating misconceptions about human nutrition and erroneously describing geophytes as a dietary staple. We provide authoritative definitions for the terms “essential” and “dietary staple” to show that it is Martin who mischaracterizes and misunderstands the foundational role of geophytes and other plant foods to human diets and subsistence economies in Native North America outside of the Arctic. Recent data demonstrate that carbohydrate-rich geophytes were abundant, regularly utilized, and essential resources on the Northern Channel Islands, a dietary staple that was a rich source of calories and complemented the protein-rich shellfish and finfish that were also staple foods for the Island Chumash.

Nutritional status in patients with advanced-stage multiple sclerosis.

Motor and swallowing dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis (MS) unbalance calorie intake and energy expenditure, modifying nutritional status. Only one study has described nutritional status in MS patients at early disease stages (median Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]=3), but this has never been assessed in the most severe cases. The goal of the present study was to describe nutritional status in advanced-stage MS. The study was a non-interventional retrospective analysis of a prospective registry. We reviewed medical files of consecutive MS patients admitted for annual follow-up in a physical and rehabilitation medicine unit between May 2016 and October 2018. Malnutrition for frail people, according to the French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de Santé [HAS]) definition, was our composite primary outcome criterion: body mass index (BMI) <21kg/m2 and/or albumin<35g/L. First, we performed a descriptive analysis of the nutritional status. Second, we studied the association between malnutrition and MS characteristics in univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 163 patients with median EDSS=8 [7; 8.5] were included. Ninety-three patients (57%) met HAS malnutrition criteria (36% with albumin <35g/L, 31% with BMI <21kg/m2 and 10% with both). Malnutrition was associated in univariate analysis with MS severity (EDSS ≥8.5, p=0.0003), primary progressive type of MS (p=0.01) and swallowing disorders (p=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that low disability status (EDSS <7) was the only independent (protective) factor associated with malnutrition (OR=0.2, p=0.03). Malnutrition is frequent in advanced stages of MS and is probably a key point for therapeutics, which has never been demonstrated previously. A standardized evaluation should be developed to improve nutritional therapeutic strategies in this population.

Community of Practice as a teaching approach in a postgraduate environment. An insider ethnography of a higher education institution in South Africa

This auto-ethnographic description of the experiences in the development of the teaching and learning approach, at the postgraduate level, introduces the impact of the community of practice in the development of the learning processes in South Africa, with an international view. The principles of community of practice are outlined and the theoretical grounding is provided in terms of the notion of assemblage theory, the definitions of fundamental and derivative epistemic authority, as well as the assemblage boundary and the personal intents of the community of practice members. The theoretical grounding is then applied through several iterations of the community of practice between 2006 and present. The adaptive nature of the community of practice as an assemblage and the function as a sociology-of-knowledge system are outlined.

THE CONCEPT OF STAFFING COURTS IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the formulation of the general definition of government authority and officials whose activities are aimed at staffing the courts, on this basis, proposals are given to improve the current administrative legislation. The research was performed using a systematic approach to staffing activities, taking into account the subject-object relationships that occur in the implementation of relevant activities. The characteristics of the objects of managerial influence as means of clarifying the competence of courts staffing subjects through the disclosure of their activity’s tasks. The essence and significance of the relevant connections in the implementation of courts staffing have been studied. Based on the peculiarities of the administrative and legal regulation of the staffing of the judiciary in connection with the characteristics of the subject of public administration, the general and specific features of a subject of courts staffing are identified. The specific features of these entities, due to the peculiarities of the judiciary as a sphere of their activities, include: staffing of courts, as a rule, is not the main direction of their activities (except for the HCJC of Ukraine and the National School of Judges of Ukraine); staffing of the court is carried out mainly by entities that are not included in the staff list of a particular court, and therefore has an external nature to the court (GRP, HCJC of Ukraine, President of Ukraine, SJA of Ukraine, National School of Judges of Ukraine, judicial self-government and others authorized entities); mostly collegial principles of decision-making. The definition of a subject of courts staffing is an authorized body of state power or its official, whose activities are aimed at ensuring the proper professional level of court officials, ensuring the ability of courts to effectively perform their tasks. The expediency of consideration of a subject of courts staffing in the narrow and broad senses is substantiated. It is pointed out that the current wording of item 6.2 of the Regulations on the procedure for election to and dismissal of the chairman, first deputy, deputy chairmen, and chairmen of judicial chambers of the Court of Appeal of 12.10.2001 is inconsistent with the current norms of Part 4 of Art. 20 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges” of 02.06.2016 № 1402-VIII, in connection with which proposals for amendments to the said Law.

Some Key Issues in the Evaluation of Character Education

This article summarizes issues in defining character education (CE) that are relevant to program development and evaluation. No authoritative definition exists for CE, but several features seem prominent. These include a focus on enhancing civic, moral, self-regulatory, and/or intellectual virtues; and (at least implicitly) prioritizing the shaping of participant identity over teaching skills. Within these broad parameters, programs vary widely in their targets and interventions. They can also vary in terms of emphasizing the same or individualized elements of character across students. The discussion finishes with a summary of elements of a CE program, and a call for well-planned evaluations.

Walter White: From «Apply Yourself» to «Say my Name». Aspects of Political Theory in «Breaking Bad»

This text should be understood as an interdisciplinary inquiry into one of the most successful US TV series: Breaking Bad (BB). I use political theory analysis, plot analysis that one could understand as textual analysis of the story, and my interpretations of the series’ main characters. In the first chapter, I present a summary of the story of Walter White and how his decisions affect his family. In the second chapter, I analyse BB according to Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan. What Hobbes meant with his famous saying that man is man’s wolf, thus a deadly reciprocal threat of all against all comes to life in Walter becoming a full-fledged criminal, murder and deception now the tools of his new chosen craft. Walter is breaking bad, ignoring societal norms and ethical values, pursuing relentlessly his plans of making money for his family, enjoying his new self as a powerful provider because that is what men do: they provide. The third chapter is dedicated to an analysis how Hannah Arendt’s definitions of power, strength, authority, violence and judgement can explain Walter’s change from Paulus to Saulus. In the conclusion, I shall present my thoughts about the series and answer the following research questions: first, why is the global public still so smitten with Walter White? Second, what can one learn from BB for our contemporary conditio humana in the 21st century? Third, is Walter White the master of his life, thus self-determined (Selbstbestimmung), or is he dominated by forces outside of his own free will (Fremdbestimmung)?

Will Victoria Miss the Sentience Doorway and Have a 2021 Animal Law Reform that Is Outdated even before It Is Enacted?

Updated animal law is ‘right’ for many economic, environmental, and societal reasons. While nonregulatory initiatives and programs are valuable as ancillary means of securing those benefits, law enforcement has a vital role in ensuring compliance by all stakeholders, and maintenance of standards that protect existing and future interests. Law’s vital role highlights the necessity of keeping it up to date. The contemporary science of the Five Domains validates that animals are capable of feeling and experiencing positive and negative states. The Five Domains is also the scientific authority for evolving animal legislation beyond what the Five Freedoms did over half a century ago. Legislatively defining animal sentience in a manner that creates positive animal welfare law is a keystone reform that has already been implemented in Australia. Victoria’s industry, public, and animals are at a critical legislative crossroads, and Victoria’s 2020 legal reform will either deliver meaningful change leadership or result in decades more of ‘business as usual’. To avoid implementing legislation that is outdated before it is even enacted, this paper demonstrates how a legislative definition of sentience which states: ‘sentience means that animals experience negative and positive [physical, mental and emotional] states’, is consistent with the contemporary science of the Five Domains and delivers benefits to all animal welfare stakeholders. For the body of the animal welfare legislation to be consistent with this up-to-date and scientifically authoritative definition of ‘sentience’, this paper further identifies amendments to be incorporated in the body of animal welfare legislation which provide further clarity and certainty to elevate standards of animal welfare and duplicate existing leadership practices that ‘go beyond simply not being cruel to them’.

دراسة فی الاستصحــــــاب، قواعده وتطبیقاته المعاصرة

دراسة في الاستصحــــــاب، قواعده وتطبيقاته المعاصرة السيد أبو المجد عرابي محمد . قسم أصول الفقه ، کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنين بقنا ، مصر . البريد الإلکتروني : alsayedmohamed.41@azhar.edu.eg ملخص البحث : عالج البحث قضية من القضايا الأصولية المهمة ، وهي دراسة علم الأصول دراسة تطبيقية ، أبرز لنا دور علم الفقه الإسلامي کميزان يجدر الاحتکام إليه في الکشف عن المسائل الغامضة، وحل المشکلات المستعصية على ضوء موازين الفقه الإسلامي، حيث إن من أهم أسباب إعراض الناس عن الفقه في الدين، وعدم تطبيقه في أبعاد الحياة، ظنهم قصور الفقه الإسلامي عن استيعاب مثل هذه المشکلات والحکم عليها، أو إيجاد الحلول، کما بين لنا الجانب التطبيقي للقواعد الأصولية في النوازل والقضايا المعاصرة، وهذا ما يوضح لنا مدى الارتباط بين علمي الأصول والفقه. وقد جاء البحث مشتملا على تعريف الاستصحاب ومکانته وفائدته وأنواعه وحجيته. ومبحث أول ذکرت فيه أهم القواعد الفقهية المبنية عن الاستصحاب ، کقاعدة اليقين لا يزول بالشک ، وقاعدة الأصل بقاء ما کان على ما کان.، ومبحث ثاني وضحت فيه أهم التطبيقات المعاصرة للاستصحاب ، کمسألة الموت الدماغي ، ومسألة أجهزة الإنعاش الصناعي، وختمت البحث بخاتمة ذکرت فيها أهم نتائج البحث. الکلمات المفتاحية : الاستصحاب، تعريف الاستصحاب، مکانة الاستصحاب وفائدته وحجيته، القواعد الفقهية المبنية على الاستصحاب، تطبيقاته المعاصرة. A study in desirability, its contemporary rules and applications Mr. Abu Al-Majd Orabi Mohammed. Department of Fundamentals of Jurisprudence, College of Islamic and Arab Studies for Boys, Qena , Egypt. Email: alsayedmohamed.41@azhar.edu.eg Abstract : The research dealt with one of the important fundamentalist issues, which is the study of the science of fundamentals an applied study. It highlighted for us the role of Islamic jurisprudence as a balance that should be used in revealing ambiguous issues and solving intractable problems in light of the scales of Islamic jurisprudence. Religion, and the lack of its application in the dimensions of life, think that Islamic jurisprudence fails to accommodate such problems And judging them, or finding solutions, as he showed us the application side of fundamentalist rules in calamities and contemporary issues, and this shows us the extent of the link between the science of principles and jurisprudence. The research came to include the definition of escapism, its position, usefulness, types, and authority. And a first study in which I mentioned the most important jurisprudential rules based on Al-Ishsahab, such as the rule of certainty that does not disappear with doubt, and the rule of origin is the survival of what was as it was. The most important search results. Key words: Al-Ishsahab, The definition Of Al-Issahab, The Status, Usefulness And Authority Of Al-Ishsahab, The Jurisprudential Rules Based On The Escaping, Its Contemporary Applications.

Развитие представлений о предмете административного права

The article analyzes judgments about the subject of administrative law, their transformation depending on the provisions of the country’s constitutions and the views of scientists on the process of public administration. The article examines modern approaches to the subject of administrative law in connection with the emergence of a constitutional definition of public authority. The author’s definitions of the administrative law general subject, administrative law as a branch of Russian law and as a science are given.