Authenticity Criteria Research Articles

Microdiagnostic characteristics of the herb Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Artemisia austriaca Jacq.)

Introduction. Artemisia austriaca Jacq. is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, popular in folk medicine due to its various biological activities, in particular: wound-healing, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antipyretic and others. In addition, this plant is in the same section as the pharmacopoeial species – wormwood bitter. In the dynamically developing pharmaceutical field, one of the aspects of expanding the base of medicinal plants as sources of phytopreparations is the study of wild plants close to officinal species. One of the initial stages on the way to the development of regulatory documentation for medicinal plant raw materials is the identification of their authenticity criteria that allow reliable identification. Objective: Study of anatomical-diagnostic features of Artemisia austriaca Jacq. of the Saratov region. Material and methods. The objects of the study were samples of Artemisia austriaca Jacq. herbs harvested in 2021 in the Saratov region. The study of the structure of A. austriaca herbs was performed according to the instructions of GPA.1.5.3.0003 "Microscopic and microchemical analysis of medicinal plant raw materials and drugs of plant origin" in the 15th edition of the Russian Federation’s State Pharmacopoeia. Results. The anatomical-histological study of stem, petiole, inflorescence of Artemisia austriaca growing on the territory of Saratov region has been carried out. As a result of the work the markers, luminescent characteristics of tissues, which help to authenticate the raw materials of this taxon, were revealed and clearly presented. Conclusion. The results obtained provide the possibility to identify the mentioned raw material, as an individual, and in addition, in a complex multicomponent phytocomposition.

АРХІТЕКТУРА ТА ІСТОРЯ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДИНКУ НА ВУЛ. ГОРОДОЦЬКА 117 У М. ЛЬВОВІ

Residential buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries occupy an important place in the development of Lviv and form the general appearance of the city. Most of the buildings are in an unsatisfactory condition. Over time, due to lack of proper operation, low funding, and low level of awareness of residents, residential buildings of this period lose their authentic appearance and need professional restoration. Therefore, it is important to study the history of buildings. analysis of their composition, facade decoration and planning and spatial structure. The available information about the research object does not reveal all the historical data, and the description of preserved architectural elements and decor is also important. The researched residential building, is located in the Halytskyi administrative district on the Horodotska street, is an architectural monument of local importance, the protection number of the monument is 4290-Lv. The residential building combines the features of Neo-Romanesque and Neo-Moorish styles. In plan, it is close to a rectangle with a courtyard, has the appearance of a well house. The main part of the building is four-story, the back of the house is three-story with a basement floor. The planning structure is sectional with two stairwells. The main facade has a symmetrical composition with six axes. Under the windows of the third floor of the main facade there are six high reliefs, authored by Sigmund Kurchinsky. High-reliefs depict a plot with satyrs. In the interior of the gate and stairwells, molding, authentic ceramic tiles, and some joinery have been preserved. The monument meets the criterion of authenticity and preservation, has preserved its planning and spatial structure within the capital walls, decoration of facades and interiors. However, the state of preservation of the building is unsatisfactory, as there is significant damage to the decoration of the walls of the facades. In order to preserve and operate the monument, it is necessary to carry out repair and restoration works.

SWOT analysis as a tool for selecting text materials for the formation of English communicative competence of students of non-linguistic specialties

The study is devoted to the implementation of SWOT analysis as an auxiliary criterion for the selection of text material in the formation of English communicative competence for students of non-linguistic specialties. The article examines the concept of communicative competence, as a complex phenomenon of students’ availability of appropriate abilities and skills for high-quality foreign language communication. The main groups of criteria for the selection of text material have been outlined, including 1) subject-scientific ones; 2) linguistic stylistic; 3) methodological; 4) person-oriented. The concept of SWOT analysis has been summarized and the components of the matrix of this analysis have been analyzed, namely: the factors of positive influence of the internal environment are – Strengths, the negative factors – Weaknesses, and the factors of external influence are Opportunities, and the negative ones are Threats. The use of SWOT analysis, based on the classic qualitative criteria for text selection has been proposed as follows: Strengths – linguistic stylistic criteria of variety of types and genres and professionally oriented lexical units; Weaknesses – methodological criteria of authenticity, accessibility, adaptability, etc.; Opportunities – subject-scientific criteria of novelty, informational value and the presence of paralinguistic components; Threats are person-oriented criteria of relevance and practical value. An analysis of the English-language text has been carried out according to the proposed SWOT-analysis model and qualitative criteria for the selection of text material have been highlighted as well.

Анализ отношений стабильных изотопов легких элементов в отдельных компонентах мёда

Honey possesses excellent sensory and nutritional properties, which makes it a valuable food ingredient. However, the same qualities make it one of the most often adulterated products in the world. Constant violations of processing technology threaten the beekeeping industry. In this regard, new authenticity criteria are a popular area of honey studies. The article introduces a method for establishing ratios of light stable isotopes in honey. The study featured 36 samples of honey of various geographical origins and botanical profiles, as well as five samples of sugar syrups from various raw materials. The quantitative profiles were obtained using a Delta Advantage V isotope mass spectrometer (USA – Germany) with additional Flash IRMS and Conflo IV modules. The experiment involved the ratios of stable carbon isotopes in honey δ13C (gross) and nitrogen δ15N in its protein fraction, as well as the values of δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H of ethanol isolated from fermented honey. The values of δ13C (gross) and δ13C of honey proteins made it possible to calculate the amount of added sugar of corn and cane origin. Exogenous sugars in the amounts of 6.5% and 18% cane sugar were detected in two samples. Isotope mass spectrometry was able to identify honey samples with exogenous sugars of C4-plant origin. However, the method failed to detect sugar-containing substances from C3-type plants. The δ18O index demonstrated some prospects as an identification criterion for sugars from C3-plants in honey. Nitrogen isotope ratios in honey proteins proved to be an efficient tool for determining honey authenticity and an additional criterion for identifying bee products. The research resulted in a patent (RU2809285C1) for a new method of determining exogenous sugar-containing substances in honey

Emerging Authentication Technologies for Zero Trust on the Internet of Things

The large and interconnected nature of the Internet of Things (IoT) presents unique security challenges, even as it revolutionizes various sectors. With numerous devices, often limited in resources, traditional perimeter-based security methods struggle to keep pace. The “never trust, always verify” principle of zero trust security offers a viable solution. Zero trust security is a concept that has become increasingly popular, using key exchange techniques to ensure secure and authenticated communication within the network, especially in managing risks in critical infrastructure. Authentication is a process to identify an entity, a prerequisite for authorization, and essential for granting access control. It fundamentally relies on trust management and various methods to generate and manage cryptographic keys for authentication. The aim of this study is to enhance zero trust security in the context of the Internet of Things by investigating authentication methods and discussing several potential solutions for successful implementation. This study also presents the performance evaluation criteria for authentication in IoT and introduces advanced approaches for different scenarios, including lightweight cryptography, mutual authentication, and blockchain technology. Finally, we address challenges related to implementation and future directions for research.

The development of non-destructive sampling methods of parchment skins for genetic species identification.

Parchment, the skins of animals prepared for use as writing surfaces, offers a valuable source of genetic information. Many have clearly defined provenance, allowing for the genetic findings to be evaluated in temporal and spatial context. While these documents can yield evidence of the animal sources, the DNA contained within these aged skins is often damaged and fragmented. Previously, genetic studies targeting parchment have used destructive sampling techniques and so the development and validation of non-destructive sampling methods would expand opportunities and facilitate testing of more precious documents, especially those with historical significance. Here we present genetic data obtained by non-destructive sampling of eight parchments spanning the 15th century to the modern day. We define a workflow for enriching the mitochondrial genome (mtGenome), generating next-generation sequencing reads to permit species identification, and providing interpretation guidance. Using sample replication, comparisons to destructively sampled controls, and by establishing authentication criteria, we were able to confidently assign full/near full mtGenome sequences to 56.3% of non-destructively sampled parchments, each with greater than 90% of the mtGenome reference covered. Six of eight parchments passed all four established thresholds with at least one non-destructive sample, highlighting promise for future studies.

Highly secured authentication and fast handover scheme for mobility management in 5G vehicular networks

The Fifth Generation (5 G) networks exhibit high flexibility and diversity in their design and deployment strategies. Transitions between base stations (BSs), heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and other cellular networks provide significant vulnerabilities and expose users to substantial risks associated with cybersecurity attacks. This article evaluates current handover authentication methods in the context of 5 G networks while proposing a set of security criteria for handover authentication. This study presents a novel authentication technique called SHK (Secure Handover Key) that utilizes SDNs (Software Defined networks). The proposed scheme integrates recycled lightweight dynamic key cryptography and combines security features such as perfect forward secrecy and robustness to leakages. The significance of the proposed approach is assessed in terms of computations, communications, signals, and energy costs on 5 G mobility applications and Vehicular Communication Networks (VCNs). The scheme employed in this study demonstrates enhanced security measures and improved changeover performance compared to conventional schemes.

Coping trajectories of intensive care nurses as second victims: A grounded theory

A qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs). BackgroundThe phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile. MethodsConducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. ResultsFrom the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE. ConclusionsFor the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors.

Automated classification of hand-woven and machine-woven carpets based on morphological features using machine learning algorithms

As a cultural heritage, hand-woven carpets engender trust and admiration in individuals who recognize their authenticity. It is the expertise of experts who determine whether a carpet is hand-woven or machine-woven based on authenticity criteria. A total of 48 morphological features were extracted by three carpet experts from 359 handwoven and machine woven carpets. Machine-learning algorithms were used to classify the extracted features. With an accuracy of 96.66%, the ANN algorithm achieved the best classification performance. Afterward, 28 morphological features were selected with the highest gain ratios and reclassified. Based on the selected features, SVM (Support Vector Machine) achieved the best classification accuracy of 96.66%. A carpet expert performed classification using the morphological features extracted by machine learning algorithms to evaluate the classification results obtained through machine learning algorithms. When 48 morphological features were used, the accuracy was 98.61%, and when 28 morphological features were used, the accuracy was 97.77%. Based on the results, artificial intelligence techniques are suitable for detecting morphological features in hand-woven and machine-woven carpets and for automatically classifying them.

Stein’s Anthropological Approach to the Humanities

Should we approach the lived experience and/or understand the other with the sense of things? If this is the case, how are we to treat the human experience par excellence? Paradoxically, Edith Stein gives a fresh meaning to the Husserlian term “leiblicheSelbstgegebenheit.” In contrast to Max Scheler’s account, she develops the “persönliche Note” criterion of authenticity. And against Maetin Heidegger’s existential philosophy, a concern for human existence itself resonates. Based on these three dimensions, this article discusses the idea of “the lived experience” according to Edith Stein, that is, the human experience contemplated by the humanities.
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 Received: 03/02/2023. Reviewed: 16/03/2023. Accepted: 30/03/2023.

The Key to Authentic Pre-Columbian Fakes: The Racial Myth of the Natural Man and Its Mise-en-Scène

AbstractSince the end of the nineteenth century, the Alzate family, of Medellín, Colombia, grasped the magnetism of the Natural Man (a malleable myth with porous edges that combines both the Edenic and the cannibalistic visions of indigenous peoples) and its economic potential and orchestrated a family craft business of fake pre-Columbian pottery. They created pieces that would engage in dialogue with collectors’, anthropologists’, museums’, and tourists’ desires and imaginaries, as well as authenticity criteria, about indigenous pre-Columbian peoples. This article shows the relationship between these forgeries’ production, circulation, and consumption and the ways Latin American indigenous peoples have been conceived of by others. Moreover, this research stresses how authentic fakes, together with official and popular discourses and images, certain exhibition and validation rhetorics, and other mises-en-scène construct what is sacralized as uncontaminated, original, and traditional. Such fakes operate politically by undermining social hierarchies linked to essentialized race and identity.

A Novel Hadith Authentication Mobile System for Android and Ios Phones With Arabic to English Language Translation

This paper endeavors to create a groundbreaking Hadith authentication mobile system providing Arabic to Malay translation for Android and IOS devices. The background highlights the importance of Hadith in Islamic tradition and the challenges Malay-speaking Muslims face in accessing authentic Hadith resources. The problem statement underscores the language barrier, authenticity concerns, and the lack of comprehensive mobile solutions. The paper’s objectives encompass developing the mobile system, implementing authentication criteria, offering user-friendly features, and enhancing access to authentic Hadith sources. The paper’s significance lies in providing access to authentic Hadith, promoting authentication, and empowering the Malay-speaking Muslim community. The scope includes essential app features and authentication algorithms, while limitations pertain to language support, authentication variability, resource constraints, translation nuances, and continuous updates. This paper aspires to bridge the gap in Hadith accessibility and contribute to a deeper understanding of Islamic tradition among Malay-speaking Muslims. This paper explores the issue of Hadith authentication and scrutiny, focusing on critical scholars’ impressions and the standard used by Hadith compilers. The system uses a client-server architecture and combines web and mobile technologies for administrative and public access. The web interface uses Springboot for Java, while the mobile interface uses React Native for cross-platform applications. The system communicates through rest services and is validated using statistical analysis. The paper also translates authentic Hadith from Arabic to Malay language.

Mary Astell on self-government and custom

ABSTRACT This paper identifies, develops, and argues for an interpretation of Mary Astell’s understanding of self-government. On this interpretation, what is essential to self-government, according to Astell, is an agent’s responsiveness to her own reasoning. The paper identifies two aspects of her theory of self-government: an ‘authenticity’ criterion of what makes our motives our own and an account of the capacities required for responsiveness to our own reasoning. The authenticity criterion states that when our motives arise from some external source without validation by our own understanding of the reasons supporting them, then they are not our own. The capacities requisite for responsiveness to our own reasoning are those of examining and evaluating our own motives and of resisting the social pressure to conform to others’ opinions. An upshot of this interpretation of Astell’s theory of self-government is that it reveals her insights into the ways ‘custom’ can undermine an individual’s ability to govern oneself.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЕРБАЛЬНОЙ КРЕАТИВНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ

Verbal creativity is an important psychological condition for developing creative aspects of professional competence in students. The empirical study revealed insufficient level of verbal creativity development with regard to the criteria of authenticity and originality. The analysis of association content allowed to reveal psychological resources for the development of verbal creative thinking.

Defining openness in teachers’ ‘open’ questions

AbstractExtensive research has focused on analysing teacher-student discourse within whole-class dialogic interactions, and several descriptive tools have been proposed so far to cover possible variations. However, what still remains unanswered is what types of teacher questions are ‘better’ than others. To answer this question, I propose a pragmatic analysis of teacher-student interaction based on the criteria of authenticity and dialogicity. The analysis focuses on two types of dialogue moves, ‘information-seeking’ and ‘inquiry’ moves and their subtypes, as assessed on the basis of their degree of dialogicity, emerging from the dialogue sequence in which the moves are situated. The discussion focuses on how such a normative analysis of interaction can help teachers guide more productive dialogues with their students.

Main barriers to services linked to voluntary pregnancy termination on three grounds in Chile.

After decades of absolute criminalization, on September 14, 2017, Chile decriminalized voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP) when there is a life risk to the pregnant woman, lethal incompatibility of the embryo or fetus of genetic or chromosomal nature, and pregnancy due to rape. The implementation of the law reveals multiple barriers hindering access to the services provided by the law. To identify and analyze, using the Tanahashi Model, the main barriers to the implementation of law 21,030 in public health institutions. This article contributes to the follow-up of this public policy, making visible the obstacles that violate women's rights of women to have dignified access to abortion and that affect the quality of health care in Chile. Qualitative design, following the postpositivist paradigm. The sample consisted of relevant actors directly related to pregnancy termination. Snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews were used. Grounded theory was used through inductive coding, originating categories regrouped into meta-categories following Tanahashi's model. The rigor criteria of transferability, dependability, credibility, authenticity, and epistemological theoretical adequacy were used. The identity of the participants and the confidentiality of the information were protected. From January 2021 to October 2022, 62 interviews were conducted with 20 members of the psychosocial support team; 18 managers; 17 members of the biomedical health team; 4 participants from of civil society, and three women users. The main obstacles correspond to availability barriers, accessibility barriers, acceptability barriers, contact barriers, and effectiveness barriers. Barriers to access abortion under three grounds violate the exercise of women's sexual and reproductive rights. It is urgent to carry out actions of control and follow-up of this public policy to the corresponding entities.

The Prehistoricity of Cinema: Werner Herzog's Cave of Forgotten Dreams

This article argues that Werner Herzog's 2010 film Cave of Forgotten Dreams both enacts and undermines a desire for origins that was characteristic of 20th century modernist discourse. I argue that the aim of the film is literally to embody the origin of cinema, as figured in the recurring motif of projected light playing across the darkened walls of Chauvet Cave, the earliest known site of prehistoric painting. Drawing on texts by Wilson Harris, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, this article demonstrates that the phenomenology of the film's cave scenes and of its archaeological reconstructions produces not a straightforward self-presence at the scene of origins, but rather an “anachronic” or split temporality that links an imagined state of primordiality to the contemporary moment in a way that eludes the problematic modernist criterion of psychological authenticity. By failing to produce an immersive illusion of prehistoricity, the film is constantly thrown back onto its own simple act of “monstration”, or showing, without any transcendental ground. Instead of revealing a moment of origin, then, Cave of Forgotten Dreams plays the shifting role of what I describe, following the art historian Whitney Davis, as an ever-displaced “Figure 1” in an imaginary history of cinema.

Traditional and Conservation Interpretations of Pre- and Post-Collection Working Methods for Alaskan Yup’ik Masks

ABSTRACT Seven Central Yup’ik masks from Alaska owned by the Anima Mundi Museum, the ethnological museum at the Vatican, were examined in the museum’s Conservation Laboratory over five months in 2022 by Ellen Pearlstein, in consultation with Chuna McIntyre, a Yup’ik artist and culture bearer. Technical details were documented and these together with cultural meanings were explored jointly by the two authors. The authors explored the history of Catholic missionary acquisition and technologies available to Yup’ik carvers in the 1920s, and ways in which the masks departed from traditional technologies at the time of their manufacture and were altered since then within a museum setting. Such modifications were likely designed to permit Yup’ik masks to take on different functions than sacred or social performance, such that their authenticity might be questioned. In working as co-authors, the criteria for authenticity were defined to be whether the material manifestations of these Yup’ik masks evoked the intangible meanings understood by and significant to a Yup’ik culture bearer. The masks achieve this goal, as do contemporary Yup’ik masks that introduce additional new materials and techniques. It is impossible for non-Yup’ik to decide whether masks evoke sacred and social performativity, therefore conservators of other backgrounds are advised to collaborate with community members in their assessment of culturally distant materials.

Indicators as a Foundation of Eco-Labelling of Baked Clay Construction Products in the Republic of Serbia

Construction products based on brick clay have been intensively used for the construction of buildings in the Republic of Serbia. The basic raw material for the manufacture of these products is brick clay, which is a natural mineral resource. However, the natural origin of clay provides no guarantees as to whether this group of construction products is eco-friendly. The production of baked clay construction products significantly affects the environment and cannot be neglected. The existing eco-labels used for this group of products are not uniform, in the world or in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to present a new approach to eco-labelling of construction products based on baked clay in the Republic of Serbia. Eco-labels can be given to products which meet certain authentic criteria. The criteria is based on an innovative set of 24 indicators which connect the production of construction products and the impact on the environment. Indicators were defined for the most commonly used construction products—facade brick, standard block and energy block. The research was conducted on leading producers of baked clay construction products in three regions—Northern Serbia, Western Serbia and South Pomoravlje. The obtained results indicate that one of the producers meets the criteria for innovative eco-labelling. The remaining two producers do not meet the requirements for the eco-label at the moment because there is not enough available data on the grounds of which certain indicators could be valued in a more complete manner. The data are unavailable to third parties because they are treated as a trade secret. Further research and an upgrade of the indicator set would create an opportunity to expand the number of baked clay construction products which could obtain the eco-label based on indicators.

Authenticity of Formative Assessment Tasks Reported in Research

The current interest in formative assessment practices has led to a permanent innovation of formative assessment tasks. Although the process of rigorously designing and applying assessment tasks is crucial for the success of the formative assessment process, not much attention has been paid to the quality of tasks used within formative assessment practices. One way to judge the quality of assessment tasks is to analyze their authenticity features: realism, complexity, challenge, collaboration, reflection, and diversity. This article uses a narrative review method, retrieving articles from three scientific databases to analyze if tasks reported in formative assessment research practices are authentic. Also, it aims to describe, based on the tasks revised, the best practices to approach each of the authenticity criteria. Furthermore, this paper discusses how the structure of the tasks used (objective or subjective) influences authenticity features. Results indicate that in general, tasks need to be more complex, collaborative, reflective and diversified.